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In this study, different weight percentages of Mg(NO3)2 were added to a polymer blend composed of chitosan (CS) and methylcellulose (MC). The solution casting method was adopted to prepare the polymer electrolyte films. As the host matrix, the polymer blend consists of 70 wt.% of CS and 30 wt.% of MC. The interactions between the blend and the Mg(NO3)2 salt were revealed by FTIR analysis. The deconvolution of XRD peaks followed by the calculation of crystallinity indicates that the electrolyte samples were amorphous. The bulk resistance decreased with increasing salt content, according to the results of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and this was caused by the influence of carrier concentration. The sample containing 30 wt.% of Mg(NO3)2 was determined to have a maximum value of DC conductivity of 2.12 × 10–5 Scm−1 at room temperature by EIS analysis. The highest conducting film's potential stability was found to be 3.65 V. It was found that the ion transference number was 0.86. The performance of the magnesium ion battery was then evaluated after it was built using the highest conducting polymer electrolyte. Considering this, the current work proposes an eco-friendly, practical, and affordable electrolyte appropriate for making electrochemical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid polymer blend electrolyte (SPE) films of Polyethylene oxide(PEO)/Carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) doped with Sodium iodide (NaI), were prepared by solution cast method and their structural, optical and electrical properties were investigated using X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectrophotometer and Electrical impedance analyser respectively. X-Ray diffraction spectra indicate that, deformation occurred in the structure of the blend followed by doping with NaI salt. The variation in intensity and shifting of characteristic bands in FTIR spectra provides the evidence for formation of complex due to the interaction occurred in the blend with the dopant. Optical energy band gap decreases in the blend samples upon doping and is confirmed by UV–Vis spectrophotometer analysis. Increase of dielectric constant and loss upon doping, exhibits usual behaviour of the polymer electrolytes. An increase in AC conductivity is observed upon doping and maximum conductivity of 9.41 × 10−3 Scm−1 is obtained for 10/90 sample doped with 0.03% Sodium iodide and DC conductivity for the same sample at room temperature is 1.05 × 10–2 Scm−1. In addition, I-T studies confirm the conductivity exhibited by the sample as due to ions and I-V studies show electrochemical stability in the range of good working potential. From the results obtained, it can be inferred that, the prepared sample can be used as polymer electrolytes in the manufacturing of energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on an in-depth analysis of the relaxation phenomenon of sodium iodide (NaI)-complexed solid polymer electrolyte membranes based on sodium alginate (NaAlg) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) using various formalisms to test the suitability of these membranes for electrochemical device applications. The incorporation of NaI led to an increase in the ionic conductivity from (6.12 ± 0.14) × 10−8 Scm−1 (PNI0, pure blend) to (4.27 ± 0.09) × 10−6 (PNI10, 10 wt% of NaI). Deep insights into ion transport parameters at ambient and high temperatures, obtained from Nyquist plot fitting revealed the dependency of dc conductivity on carrier concentration (n) rather than mobility (μ) and diffusion coefficient (D). Scaling studies based on AC conductivity and tangent loss revealed the collapse of conductivity and tangent loss plots into a single master curve, implying that the optimum sample obeys time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP). The temperature dependence of the Jonscher's exponent indicates that the conduction mechanism can be effectively represented by the Quantum Mechanical Tunneling model (QMT). The non-Debye behavior exhibited by the samples can be elucidated through the electric modulus formalism and confirmed dielectric properties of the electrolytes, as demonstrated by the incomplete semicircular arcs observed in the Argand plots. Moreover, the prepared samples were completely biodegradable, indicating the eco-friendly nature of the electrolytes. [Display omitted] • SPE based on NaAlg-PVA complexed with NaI was developed. • Ion dynamics were systematically evaluated using various formalisms. • Jonscher's exponent suggests conduction via Quantum Mechanical Tunneling (QMT). • Scaling studies indicate a collapsed master curve, suggesting adherence to TTSP. • At ambient and high temperatures, n control SPE conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report the effect of doping sodium iodide (NaI) salt into a polymer blend matrix of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Solution casting approach was used to prepare solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films. The films were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), electrical impedance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). XRD showed that NaI incorporation decreased the crystallinity of NaCMC/PVA-based SPE. FTIR technique confirmed the complexation of salt with polymer matrix due to the formation of the coordination bond between Na+ and –OH group and hydrogen bond between I− and –CH group. The sample with 30 wt% NaI showed the highest conductivity of 2.52 × 10–3 S cm−1, strongly influenced by the highest charge concentration (n) , not its mobility (μ). DSC analysis revealed an increase in glass transition temperature (T g) with increasing salt content. TGA studies showed a decrease in thermal stability with salt inclusion. The transference number was found to be 0.99 for the highest conducting sample showing the primary charge carriers are ions. The highest conducting sample exhibited a mechanical strength of 15.42 MPa at room temperature, and it has been used to fabricate a battery to evaluate its suitability in energy storage devices. Graphical abstract created with https://biorender.com. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• NaNO 3 complexed NaAlg-PVA blend SPE was successfully prepared. • The inclusion of salt improved the overall properties of the SPE. • Ion dynamics were systematically evaluated using various formalisms. • The lowest degree of crystallinity resulted in the highest conductivity for SPE. • At high temperatures, n and µ control SPE conductivity. This work examines the impact of NaNO 3 salt on a NaAlg: PVA blend polymer, focusing on charge carrier properties, such as number density (n), mobility (μ), and diffusion coefficient (D). It is found that the addition of NaNO 3 increased the room temperature conductivity from (6.12±0.15) × 10−8 S cm−1 (PNN0, salt-free) to (6.50±0.03) × 10−6 S cm−1 (PNN15, 15 wt.% NaNO 3), influenced by increasing n compared to µ. Temperature-dependent conductivity revealed a significant influence of both n and μ on electrolyte conductivity, and the ion dynamics were explored using various formalisms. XRD studies showed reduced crystallinity owing to the interaction of Na+ and NO 3 − with -OH groups, as confirmed by IR spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed salt deposits at higher concentrations. However, sufficient mechanical strength was observed for the optimally conducting sample. Obtained results showed the potential applications of the sample in electrochemical devices. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Blended biopolymer CS:MC impregnated with Mg2+ carrier is successfully prepared. • Adding MgCl 2 to CS:MC has improved its overall physiochemical characteristics. • The Mg2+ ions contribute to the enhancement of ionic conductivity (∼10−3 Scm−1). • Transport property study was done by applying Trukhan model. Solid polymer blend electrolyte films composed of 70 wt.% of chitosan (CS) and 30 wt.% of methylcellulose (MC) were prepared with different weight percentages of MgCl 2 by solution casting method. FTIR analysis demonstrated the interactions between blend and MgCl 2 , XRD study revealed the amorphous nature of the films. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out to study the thermal stability. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study showed that the bulk resistance decreased with increasing salt concentration and is due to the influence of carrier concentration. From EIS measurement, the highest value of DC conductivity at ambient temperature (30 °C) was found to be 2.75 × 10−3 Scm−1 for the sample containing 30 wt.% of MgCl 2. The voltage stability window of the highest conducting film was found to be 3.86 V. The total ionic transference number was found to be 0.98. Finally, the highest conducting polymer electrolyte was employed to construct a primary magnesium ion battery. Note: Graphical abstract created with biorender.com. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of Mg (NO 3) 2. 6H 2 O salt on an eco-friendly biopolymer blend matrix comprising hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is presented in this work which is prepared using the solution casting method. Structural, chemical composition (functional moieties), morphological, and thermal features were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FTIR spectrum and XRD pattern confirmed that the magnesium nitrate salt was dissolved, and complexation was observed through a coordination bond and a hydrogen bond with -OH and -CH groups in the host polymer blend. The glass transition temperature (T g) values of HPMC:PVA composites are greater than those of the pure blend, demonstrating transient cross-linking. For P0, P2, and P3 samples, the pore diameter and % porosity is calculated, and the morphology of the P4 sample is non-porous and shows ionic conductivity of P4 = 3.25 × 10−4 S/cm at 27 °C. Based on the Nyquist plot fitting and FTIR deconvolution methods, it is used to determine the transport characteristics and noticed that the carrier concentration affects the ionic conductivity. The highest conducting electrolyte has been integrated into a primary battery to demonstrate its potential use in energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]