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The formation of a poly(2,6-carbazole) derivative during an electrochemical polymerization process is shown. Comparison of 3,5-bis(9-octyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)pyridine and 3,5-bis(9-octyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)pyridine by electrochemical and UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemical measurements and DFT (density functional theory) calculation prove the formation of a poly(2,6-carbazole) derivative. Both of the compounds form stable and electroactive conjugated polymers., (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Using facile diazonium chemistry, sulfonate groups have been covalently attached to single wall carbon nanotubes. The resulting sulfonated tubes form a stable aqueous dispersion in the presence of pyrrole monomer. Subsequent electropolymerisation results in a conductive, electroactive polypyrrole doped with sulfonated tubes being formed at unusually low potentials. The potential of this material as a host matrix for biomolecules has been demonstrated by entrapping horse-radish peroxidase directly in the polypyrrole during composite formation.

Novel conductive polymer‐based metal complexes were electrochemically synthesized and characterized in relation to (spectro)electrochemical stimuli. Particularly, we focused our attention on terthiophenes functionalized with terpyridine groups, along with Fe2+ cations present during electrochemical synthesis. The resultant electroactive films are coherent, robust, and exhibit mixed absorption profiles upon electrochemical doping, characteristic for both polyterthiophenes and metal‐ligand transitions. At certain oxidation potentials, the formation of radical cation and also dication states were observed. The latter, influence the optical transitions related to metal centers, and can reversibly be everted by switching to lower potentials. Furthermore, the polymer "cross‐linking metal" can be removed from the structure, which we obtained by partial exchange of Fe2+ with Cu2+ and Zn2+ cations. The conducted cation exchange studies however elucidate the complexity and difficulty of such an approach. With future electropolymerization "strategies" we are expecting to extend film stability during application of relatively high potentials, as well as in the interim of cation exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Composite ionic-covalent entanglement (ICE) hydrogel networks were prepared from poly( N-isopropylacrylamide), alginate, and carbon nanofibres. An optimised triple network hydrogel with 86% water content exhibited a compressive strength of 3.0 ± 0.1 MPa and 66 ± 13 mS/cm electrical conductivity. Thermal actuation was shown to have a shorter response time for gels containing nanofibres, compared to those which did not and hydrogel samples more than halved in volume within 1 minute when placed in a 60 °C water bath. Controlled dye release was demonstrated as a potential application and used to further quantify thermal actuation over short times. Joule heating techniques were used to electronically actuate the hydrogel samples, removing the traditional requirements for immersion in a temperature controlled liquid. It is expected that devices based on these materials will find potential applications in soft robotics and micro fluidics. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 46-52 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Terthiophenes functionalised with nitro, amino, cyano, carboxyl, decylcarboxylate, acetic and acrylic acid groups were synthesized using Suzuki coupling. The electrochemical polymerization and spectroscopic data of the films deposited from substituted terthiophene modified at the 3′-position with electron-donating (NH2) and electron-withdrawing (NO2, COOC10H21) groups have been investigated. In addition, effect of alkoxy groups on the electrochemical production of substituted poly(terthiophenes) and characterization of the resulting polymer film was studied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Electrochemical synthesis of inherently conducting polymers such as polypyrrole is traditionally performed in a molecular solvent/electrolyte system such acetonitrile/lithium perchlorate. We report the use of ionic liquids 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide and N,N-butylmethylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide, both as the growth medium and as an electrolyte for the electrochemical cycling of polypyrrole films. Use of the ionic liquid as the growth medium results in significantly altered film morphologies and improved electrochemical activities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]