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In the present study, the effect of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) ratio on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of polypropylene/hollow glass spheres (PP/HGS) composites was investigated. Hollow glass spheres content was constant at 20 wt % and MA-g-PP was set at four different levels: 1, 5, 10 and 15 wt % in PP/HGS composites. The mechanical properties of polymer composites as a function of temperature were measured using dynamic mechanic analyzer. The oxidation induction times tests and thermal properties were carried out in thermogravimetric differential thermal analyzer in order to determine thermo-oxidative performance and thermal stability of the composites. Moreover, the x-ray diffraction (XRD), the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry and the scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the structural characteristics of the polymer composites. The results demonstrated that the increased MAPP content enhanced dynamic mechanical and thermal oxidative aging properties of PP /HGS composites. The addition of MAPP did not alter the crystal structure according to XRD results.

Water absorption and mechanical performance of the injection-molded hybrid composites prepared from different ratios of two polymer blends (57 wt%), two compatibilizers (3 wt%), and two wood species (40 wt%) were investigated. The ratio of polypropylene and high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) gradually increased in the blend (from 10 to 30 wt%). Styrene–ethylene–butylene–styreneblock copolymer and maleic anhydride-grafted PP (MAPP) were used as compatibilizer (3 wt%). The shore D hardness of the PP/wood composites was improved by the incorporation of the HIPS. The HIPS/wood flour composites showed higher tensile modulus but lower tensile strength than the PP/wood composites. The water resistance of the PP/wood composites decreased with increasing HIPS content. POLYM. COMPOS., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

A sound absorption material composed of styrene ethylene butadiene styrene, high impact polystyrene and CaCO3 has been developed. Its sound absorbing characteristic was investigated in the impedance tube, according to transfer function method. Measurements show that HIPS ratios have effect on the absorption performance of the blend because of their microstructures and features. The structure and properties of the blend is characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, styrene ethylene butadiene styrene and high impact polystyrene polymer blend was subjected to examinations to obtain their hardness and Izod impact strength. When the sound absorption characteristics of the materials are examined, a unsteady behaviour is observed up to the level of 1600 Hz. It is determined that sound absorption characteristics of all materials increase after this point. A high and steady behaviour is observed, particularly after 4800 Hz.

In this paper, carbon dioxide (CO2) is used to form a high-density microcellular thermoplastic foam structure in order to reduce polymer consumption and facilitate dispersion of Mg (OH)2 and nanoclay fillers. A twin-screw extruder system was used to predistribute inorganic fillers into the ABS polymer, resulting in composite ABS/filler pellets. This is followed by the use of a single-screw extruder wherein supercritical carbon dioxide is introduced into the formulation. Finally, the resulting foam ABS/filler/CO2 pellets are injection- molded into test samples. The structure and properties of the composites are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, ABS/Mg(OH)2/nanoclay polymer composite samples are tested to obtain their yield and tensile strengths, elastic moduli, yield and tensile elongations, izod impact strengths, hardness values, heat deflection temperatures (HDT), Vicat softening points, and melt flow indices (MFI). These test...

In this article the effect of PS on the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of SEBS, SIS and SBR type elastomers –based material was investigated in flow direction 0o and flow direction 90o. The structure and properties of the composites are characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, SEBS/PS, SIS/PS and SBR/PS polymer blends were subjected to examinations to obtain their elasticity modulus, yield strengths, strength at break, elongation at break, hardness, Izod impact strength, wear rate, melt flow index (MFI), vicat softening point and heat deflection temperature (HDT). In two directions, with the increased amount of HIPS in SEBS/HIPS/CaCO3, SIS/HIPS/CaCO3 and SBR/HIPS polymer blends, the elasticity modulus, yield strengths, strength at break, hardness, Izod impact strength, MFI, HDT, vicat value and wear rate of the resultant material increased, whereas the elongation at break...

A sound absorption material composed of styrene butadiene rubber and high impact polystyrene blend has been developed. With the increased amount of HIPS in SBR/HIPS polymer blends, hardness and Izod impact strength values of the resultant material increased. Sound-absorbing characteristics of SBR/HIPS polymer blends were investigated in the impedance tube, according to transfer function method. The sound absorption coefficients are generally above 0.2 with the maximum of 0.5. It reveals that soft blends have good sound absorption ability in 4000 Hz frequency range. For all groups the least sound absorption rate was seen in the area of 315 Hz at the rate of 0.01. With the increase of frequency for all groups impedance ratio decreased. With addition of SBR rubber to the HIPS, the adhesion and distribution of the present phases were considerably enhanced as well.

In this article, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is used to form a high density microcellular foam structure to reduce the polymer use and facilitate dispersion of Mg(OH)2 and Nanoclay fillers. A twin-screw extruder system was used to predistribute the inorganic filler from the PP polymer, resulting composite PP/filler pellets. This followed by the use of a single-screw extruder wherein supercritical carbon dioxide is introduced in the formulation. Finally the resulting foam PP/filler/CO2 pellets are injection molded into test samples. The structure and properties of the composites are characterized using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and density measurements. Furthermore, PP/Clay/Mg(OH)2 polymer composites are subjected to examinations to obtain their yield and tensile strengths, elasticity modulus, % elongation, Izod impact strength, hardness, Heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening point and Melt flow index (MFI).

Mechanical properties of metal-polymer matrix composites were investigated experimentally. High density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) were used as the polymer matrix and Fe powder in 5, 10, and 15 vol% was used as the metal. The modulus of elasticity, yield and tensile strength, % elongation, Izod notched impact strength, Shore D hardness, and fracture surfaces of the composites were determined. It was found that vol% Fe reduced the Izod impact strength of HDPE much more than that of PP and PS, while Fe powder increased the hardness of HDPE more than that of PP and PS. Among the composites, PS-Fe composites had higher yield, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity than HDPE-Fe and PP-Fe composites. However, % elongation of PS-Fe composites was lower than that of the other composites. In addition, HDPE- and PP-based composites exhibited ductile type fracture, while PS-Fe composites exhibited brittle type fracture.

Dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blends were first described by Fisher. In the 1960s, the usage of TPE was low. However, the consumption of TPE is increasing today. Due to hard and soft polymer phases in its structure, TPE replaced a lot of materials. TPE materials are preferred today due to their good thermal properties, oxidation resistance, transparency, adhesion, compatibility with other polymers etc. As a result of the studies that were done in 1975, TPV—vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers were developed. In this study, TPV elastomers were produced by forming crosslinks with peroxide from different ratios, of EPDM and PP. Mixing was done with twin screw extruder. After that yield and tensile strength, the modulus of elasticity, % elongation, Izod impact strength, hardness, Melt Flow Index (MFI), Vicat Softening Point, Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT), and density of crosslinks were determined. Thermal transition temperatures and microstructure were determined with DSC and SEM, re...

Interfacial agents as compatibilizers have recently been introduced into polymer blends to improve microstructure and mechanical properties of thermoplastics. In this way, it is possible to prepare a mixture of polymeric materials that can have superior mechanical properties over a wide temperature range. In this study, an incompatible blend of Polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Copolymer were made compatible by addition of 5, 10, and 20% Styrene–Isopren–Styrene Copolymer (SIS). The mixing operation was conducted using a twin-screw extruder. The morphology and the compatibility of the mixtures were examined by SEM and DSC techniques. Furthermore, the elastic modulus, tensile and yield strengths, percentage elongation, hardness, melt flow index, Izod impact resistance, heat deflection temperature (HDT), Vicat softening point values of polymer alloys of various ratios were determined. It was found that addition of SIS to the structures decreased the tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus, and hardness, whereas it increased Izod impact strength and percentage elongation values. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 559–566, 2006

The importance of alloys and blends has in- creased gradually in the polymer industry so that the plas- tics industry has moved toward complex systems. The main reasons for making polymer blends are the strengthening and the economic aspects of the resultant product. In this study, I attempted to improve compatibility in a polymer blend composed of two normally incompatible constituents, namely, acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene (ABS) and polycar- bonate (PC), through the addition of a compatibilizer. The compatibilizing agent, styrene- butadiene-styrene block co- polymer (SBS), was added to the polymer blend in ratios of 1, 5, and 10% with a twin-screw extruder. The morphology and the compatibility of the mixtures were examined by scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning cal- orimetry. Further, all three blends of ABS/PC/SBS were subjected to examination to obtain their yield and tensile strengths, elasticity modulus, percentage elongation, Izod impact strength, hardness, heat deflection temperature, Vi- cat softening point, and melt flow index. © 2004 Wiley Peri

Interfacial agents as compatibilizers have re- cently been introduced into polymer blends to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of thermoplastics. In this way, it is possible to prepare a mixture of polymeric materials that can have superior mechanical properties over a wide temperature range. In this study, an incompatible blend of polypropylene (PP) and polyamide-6 (PA6) were made compatible by the addition of 10% styrene- ethylene- butadiene-styrene copolymer (SEBS). The mixing operation was conducted by using a twin-screw extruder. The mor- phology and the compatibility of the mixtures were exam- ined by SEM and DSC techniques. Furthermore, the elastic modulus, tensile and yield strengths, percentage elongation, hardness, melt flow index, Izod impact resistance, heat de- flection temperature (HDT), and Vicat softening point val- ues of polymer alloys of various ratios were determined. It was found that the addition of SEBS to the structures de- creased the tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus, and hardness, whereas it increased the Izod impact strength and percentage elongation values. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals

In order to prepare an ideal mixture, the physical and chemical properties of the constituent polymers must be known in detail. Thus, selection of the polymers that will constitute the mixture and a thorough study of the mixing methods and the economic factors become important. A rigid plastic is toughened by dispersing a small amount of rubbery material (generally 5–20%) in the rigid plastic matrix. Such a mixture of plastics is characterized by its impact resistance. Among thermoplastics toughened in this way are polystyrene (PS), poly(vinyl chloride), poly(methyl methacrylate), polypropylene, polycarbonate, and nylons, and recently thermoset resins such as epoxies, unsaturated polyester resins, and polyamids. In this study PS and high-density polyethylene polymers were mixed in various ratios. In order to increase the compatibility of the mixtures, 5, 7.5, and 10% SBS copolymer was also added. The mixing operation was conducted by using a twin-screw extruder. The morphology and the compatibility of the mixtures were examined by using SEM and DSC techniques. Furthermore, the elastic modulus, yield and tensile strengths, percent elongation, Izod impact resistance, hardness, and melt flow index values of the polymer alloys of various ratios were determined. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2967–2975, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.2325

Polymer alloys and blends, whose major advantage is the potential of achieving a range of physical and mechanical properties, have continued to be a subject of interest over recent years. Addition of a block or graft copolymer, with chemically similar segments to those involved in the polymer blend considered, led to a variety of desirable properties. The copolymer added to the blend functioned to promote a homogeneous dispersion of the constituent phases and to enhance their mutual adhesion. Such agents that enable better dispersion in polymer blends are known as compatibilizers. In this study an attempt has been made to improve the compatibility in a polymer blend composed of two normally incompatible constituents, LDPE and PA6, by addition of a compatibilizer. The compatibilizer agent, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), was added to the polymer blend in ratios of 1, 5, and 10% by using a twin-screw extruder. The effect of EVA on the crystallization of the polymer constituents was observed through DSC examinations. Furthermore, the control sample and all three blends of LDPE/PA6/EVA were subjected to examinations to obtain their yield and tensile strengths, elasticity modulus, percentage elongation, izod impact strength, hardness, and melt flow index. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1748–1754, 2001

The importance of polymer composites among industrial materials is due to their improved mechanical properties. In recent researches, mechanical and physical properties have been improved by way of making composites with fiber reinforcement. Silk and cotton fibers used in the textile industry have good physical and mechanical properties. In this study, composite structures were produced by using recycled Poly Propylene, PP, polymer with silk and cotton waste as fiber reinforcement in different ratios. The fiber dimensions of silk and cotton wastes were between 1mm, 2.5mm, and 5mm. They were mixed in the ratios of PP/silk and cotton waste 97%/3 and 94%/6. The mixture of polymer composite was prepared with double screw extruder. The sample was tested for tensile strength, elongation, yield strength, elasticity modulus, izod impact strength, melt flow index (MFI), heat deflection temperature (HDT), and vicat softening temperature. Thermal transitions of the materials were determined with Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and micro-structure properties were observed with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).