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The purpose of this paper was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities of sulfated polysaccharide from C. tomentosum (PCT) using carrageenan (CARR)-induced paw edema in a rat model and anti-vasculogenic activity on a chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) model. Based on in vitro tests of anti-radical, total antioxidant, and reducing power activities, PCT presents a real interest via its antioxidant activity and ability to scavenge radical species. The in vivo pharmacological tests suggest that PCT possesses anti-inflammatory action by reducing paw edema and leukocyte migration, maintaining the redox equilibrium, and stabilizing the cellular level of several pro-/antioxidant system markers. It could significantly decrease the malondialdehyde levels and increase superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione activities in local paw edema and erythrocytes during the acute inflammatory reaction of CARR. PCT pretreatment was effective against DNA alterations in the blood lymphocytes of inflamed rats and reduced the hematological alteration by restoring blood parameters to normal levels. The anti-angiogenic activity results revealed that CAM neovascularization, defined as the formation of new vessel numbers and branching patterns, was decreased by PCT in a dose-dependent manner, which supported the in silico bioavailability and pharmacokinetic findings. These results indicated the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides from C. tomentosum and their possible use as anti-proliferative molecules based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of a polysaccharide extracted from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum) (FWEP) against insecticide-thiamethoxam (TMX)-induced hepatotoxicity. Obtained data exhibited potent antioxidant and antibacterial potentialities. On other trend, in vivo, adult female rats were divided into four groups: controls; TMX (100 mg/kg of body weight); TMX + FWEP at two graded doses, respectively (100 and 200 mg/kg of body weight) for 30 d. Up to TMX treatment, our data showed a significant increase in plasma markers of hepatotoxicity including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, which is coordinated with decline in total protein and albumin levels. Remarkably, a clear sign of genotoxicity was delivered by total disruption in hematological parameters and micronucleus (MN) test shown by severe chromatin degradation. These data were also associated with oxidative stress set up, histological and DNA injuries. However, co-administration with FWEP succeeded significantly in a dose-dependent manner in reducing and healing liver's hematological and genotoxic induced by TMX injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of pesticides on the human health and environment has drawn increasing attention. Today, new tools are developed to reduce pesticide adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity induced by, thiamethoxam (TMX), and the cytoprotective effect of a novel polysaccharide, named fenugreek seed water polysaccharide (FWEP) in vitro using H9c2 cardiomyoblastes and in vivo using Wistar rat model. Animals were assigned into four groups per eight rats each: group 1 served as a control group, group 2 received TMX, group 3, and group 4 received both FWEP and TMX tested at two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively). Regarding the in vitro study, our results demonstrated that TMX induced a decrease in H9c2 cell viability up to 70% with the highest concentration. In vivo, TMX injection induced marked heart damage noted by a significant increase in plasma lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase, troponin‐T, aspartate amino transferase activities, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Concomitant alterations in cardiac antioxidant defense system revealed depletion in the levels of glutathione and non‐protein thiol and an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Similarly, a significant increase in heart lipid, malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein product and in protein carbonyls levels was also noted. In addition, heart tissues histo‐architecture displayed major presence of apoptosis and necrosis as confirmed by DNA degradation. However, supplementation with FWEP alleviated heart oxidative damage and genotoxicity. In this manner, ABTS radical‐scavenging activity, linoleic acid oxidation tests and heart genomic and DNA nicking assay had proved FWEP strong antioxidant potential. In conclusion, FWEP provided significant protection against TMX‐induced heart injury, and could be a useful and efficient agent against cardiotoxicity and atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context:Polysaccharides (PSs) from seaweeds have been reported to possess biological activity of potential medicinal values. Objective:The current study was conducted to establish the protective effects of PS extracted fromUlva lactucaagainst oxidative stress induced by Thiacloprid (THC) in the rat reproductive system. Materials and methods:Rats were exposed either to THC, THC + PS (100 mg/kg), or THC + PS (200 mg/kg). Results:Our study showed that THC induced severe disorders in the functional sperm parameters. A decrease in antioxidant activities and their genes expression were observed in the same group, compared to the controls. Our molecular data showing also a severe DNA breakdown in the testis of THC treated group. Moreover, THC treated group showed severe histopathological changes. Conclusions:Our results revealed that PS extracted fromUlva lactucaalleviated the THC induced reprotoxicity and reduced oxidative stress damages, DNA breakdown and histological injuries in the testis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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[Display omitted] • Approximately 5.44% (w/w) crude polysaccharide, designated PSCH, was extracted from Cystoseira humilis; • SEC analysis showed that the molecular weight of the extracted PSCH was 379.44 kDa; • FT-IR, HPLC-RID, SEM and XRD revealed the structural properties of the polysaccharides; • PSCH significantly inhibited angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay model; • PSCH showed anti-inflammatory activity similar to that of diclofenac in vivo ; • PSCH can inhibit both intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. The present study aimed to evaluate the properties of a sulfated polysaccharide (PSCH) extracted from the brown alga Cystoseira humilis. We analyzed the chemical composition, anti-angiogenesis activities, anticoagulant, and anti-inflammatory effects of the PSCH, using various techniques encompassing UV–visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (X-RD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), steric exclusion chromatography (SEC) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to refractive index detector (HPLC-RID). The study found that PSCH was a sulfated heteropolysaccharide consisting of glucuronic acid, arabinose, galacturonic acid, xylose and fructose, and has a semi-crystalline nature with a molecular weight of about 379.44 kDa. The PSCH contains 41.77 % carbohydrates, 12.33 % proteins, and 4.59 % sulfates. The PSCH fraction has anti-angiogenic potential highlighted through assays on the chorioallantoic membrane, where vascular branching was inhibited by about 41.65 % and 61.38 % at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/egg, respectively, compared to the untreated group. PSCH displayed an anti-edematous effect in vivo by reducing malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation protein products in paw tissue after five hours of carrageenan injection. When rats were co-treated with PSCH, there was evidence of a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione) in edematous paw tissues compared to untreated rats. Furthermore, PSCH significantly influenced hematological parameters and the rate of anti-inflammatory serum protein fractions compared to the inflamed group. Interestingly, PSCH may exhibit anticoagulant properties by extending activated partial thrombosis time, thrombin time and prothrombin time. The present study has shown that Cystoseira humilis polysaccharides have antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-coagulant properties, making them suitable for therapeutic purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to isolate a sulfated polysaccharide from red macro alga Falkenbergia rufolanosa (FRP) and to evaluate its potential effect as antioxidant additive in beef sausages formulation. The antioxidant, functional and hemolytic activities were studied. Data revealed that this polymer has an important antioxidant activities (up to 87% for metal chelating assay) and emulsion stabilizing capacities. The addition of FRP into sausages stored at 4 °C for 12 days induced depletion in lipid oxidation, in myoglobin oxidation and in free fatty acids contents up to 3.33 mg equivalent MDA Kg−1 Sausages, 28.28% and 2.35%, respectively, while, an improvement in the transformation of the Heme iron was noted, compared with the standard formulation. A significant stability in the color parameters (L*, a* and b* values) with a marked decrease in the microbial counts were as well noticed. Interestingly, a significant progression in the textural parameters of samples containing FRP was observed as well as higher sensory scores by panelists. According to sensorial evaluations, this polymer improved the consumer acceptability and preference. In conclusion, our findings provided evidence that FRP could be used as a potent natural additive and could replace synthetic antioxidant compound in food industry. • Polysaccharide (FRP) was extracted from red marine alga Falkenbergia rufolanosa. • FRP exhibited potent functional and antioxidant activities. • FRP was added as antioxidant food additive in the formulation of beef sausages. • FRP inhibited the lipid oxidation of beef sausages during refrigerated storage. • FRP improved the quality of beef sausages conserved at 4 °C for 12 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Polysaccharides composite hydrogels were synthesized and examined for drug delivery. • Characterization with FTIR, SEM, thermal and water absorption capacities. • Hydrogels are sensitive to temperature, pH and ionic strength. • Influence of algal polysaccharide amounts on the hydrogels in vitro degradation. • Insulin release rates can be controlled under different pH conditions. Hydrogels properties open up many possibilities for medical applications. In the present study, protein drug insulin was selected as a model drug to test the in vitro release behavior of hydrogels based on blue crab chitosan (Cs) and red marine macroalga Falkenbergia rufolanosa polysaccharide (FRP). The FRP/Cs composed hydrogels were characterized in terms of structural, morphological, thermal and antioxidant properties. Data revealed that FRP addition enhanced the water holding capacity and the water uptake percentages, as well as the textural behavior. Moreover, the prepared hydrogels are simultaneous sensitive to pH, ionic strength and temperature as demonstrated in the swelling ratio test. Additionally, hydrogels at pH 1.2 PBS underwent greater degradation, compared to samples immersed in pH 7.4 PBS. Similarly, the kinetics of insuline release, through the FRP/Cs composed hydrogels exhibited higher released amounts in acidic systems. Through this study, the prepared hydrogels provided suitable and promising microenvironment in drugs delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]