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Abstract: A new heteropolysaccharide with a molecular weight of 1.94×104 Da, HEPF1, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus. It is composed of fucose, galactose and glucose in the ratio of 1:4:1, as well as a minor proportion of 3-O-methyl rhamnose. Sugar analyses, methylation analysis, together with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy established that HEPF1 has a (1→6)-linked α-d-galactopyranosyl backbone with branches that are composed of fucose attached to O-2; it also contains 6-O-substituted-β-d-oligoglucosyl units and a minor terminal 3-O-methyl rhamnose residue. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel water-soluble heteropolysaccharide termed PBF2 was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Phellinus baumii Pilát using hot water extraction and purified on Sephacryl S-1000. PBF2 was shown to be composed of l-fucose, d-mannose and d-glucose. Its structural characteristics were further investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, sugar analysis, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Based on the data obtained, PBF2 was found to be a heteropolysaccharide containing a β-(1→6)-d-glucopyranose backbone with a fucosyl unit on O-3 of the 3,6-di-O-substituted-d-glucosyl units and it also contained a minor (1→3, 6)-β-d-mannose residue and terminal glucose residues. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract Tremella fuciformis is an important edible mushroom that has been widely cultivated and used as food and medicinal ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine. In the past decades, many researchers have reported that T. fuciformis polysaccharides (TPS) possess various bioactivities, including anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, repairing brain memory impairment, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic. The structural characteristic of TPS has also been extensively investigated using advanced modern analytical technologies such as NMR, GC–MS, LC-MS and FT-IR to dissect the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the TPS biomacromolecule. This article reviews the recent progress in the extraction, purification, structural characterization and applications of TPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water-soluble heteropolysaccharide (PUP60W-1) was purified from the hot water extract of sclerotia of P. umbellatus by chromatography with DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephacryl S200 High-Resolution. The primary structure of PUP60W-1 was elucidated by GC, GC–MS and NMR. PUP60W-1 was identified as a highly branched polysaccharide composed of fucose, glucose and galactose in a ratio of 1.0:0.9:13.3. The main repeating unit was identified as α-(1 → 6)- d -galactopyranan backbone with substitution of terminal α-galactopyranosyl residues at O -2 for two out of every three main chain galactose residues. Its chain conformation was studied by atom force microscopy and size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiple detectors. The results revealed that PUP60W-1 had a molecular weight of 2.47 × 10 4 Da with a polydispersity index of 1.04, and existed in water as compact sphere structures which could be disrupted into smaller spherical chain blocks after dispersion with sodium dodecyl sulfate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel water-soluble polysaccharide PUP60S2, with a molecular weight of 1.44 × 10 4 Da, was obtained from the sclerotia of Polyporus umbellatus by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. PUP60S2 was a polysaccharide comprised of about 22.3% glucuronic acid. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that PUP60S2 was only comprised of glucose and glucuronic acid. Reduction of carboxyl groups, sugar analysis, methylation analysis, together with one and two dimension NMR spectra disclosed that the backbone of PUP60S2 consisted of (1 → 6)-β- d -glucopyranosyl, every second of which was substituted at O -3 by side chains consisting of terminal β- d -Glc p , (1 → 3)-β- d -Glc p , (1 → 3)-β- d -Glc p A, (1 → 4)-β- d -Glc p and (1 → 4)-β- d -Glc p A units. The antioxidant activity assay in vitro showed that PUP60S2 exerted a significant scavenging effect on DPPH, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical in a dose-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A novel water-soluble polysaccharide named PGPB-1, with a molecular weight of 1.3×104 Da as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus geesteranus by boiling water as well as DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and High-Resolution Sephacryl S-300. On the bases of compositional analysis, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D-COSY, TOCSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY spectra) analysis, the structural elucidation of PGPB-1 consisted of a α-d-(1→6)-galactopyranan and a α-d-3-O-Me-d-galactosyl unit backbone with a α-d-Mannosyl unit on O-2 of the 2,6-di-O-substituted-d-galactosyl units. The repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established as: Display Omitted PGPB-1 also contains a minor proportion of 6-linked-d-Glcp. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A new heteropolysaccharide (HEPF4), with a molecular weight of 2.03×104 Da as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was obtained from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus. It is composed of 3-O-methylrhamnose, l-fucose, d-galactose and d-glucose in the ratio of 0.12:1.00:3.27:0.28. Its chemical structure was characterized by sugar and methylation analysis, along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including NOESY and HMBC experiments for linkage and sequence analysis. The polysaccharide is composed of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit (described in the results section). HEPF4 also contains a minor proportion of glucose and 3-O-methylrhamnose which is believed to terminate the polymer main chain. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Four crude water soluble polysaccharides, CABP, CAAP, CFVP and CLDP, were isolated from common edible mushrooms, including Agaricus bisporus, Auricularia auricula, Flammulina velutipes and Lentinus edodes, and their chemical characteristics and antioxidant properties were determined. Fourier Transform-infrared analysis showed that the four crude polysaccharides were all composed of β-glycoside linkages. The major monosaccharide compositions were D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose for CABP, CAAP and CLDP, while CFVP was found to consist of L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose. The main molecular weight distributions of CABP and the other three polysaccharides were <5.1 x 104 Da and >66.0 x 104 Da, respectively. Antioxidant properties of the four polysaccharides were evaluated in in vitro systems and CABP showed the best antioxidant properties. The studied mushroom species could potentially be used in part of well-balanced diets and as a source of antioxidant compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]