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sCPP1b is a selenized derivative of pectic polysaccharide (CPP1b) that is isolated from Wen-Codonopsis pilosula. In this study, A549 cells were used for in vitro studies on cytotoxicity, cell morphology, cell migration, cycle distribution, apoptosis, and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins after treatment with CPP1b and sCPP1b. Results show that sCPP1b and CPP1b could change cell morphology, suppress cell migration, induce cell apoptosis, and block the cell cycle. CPP1b and sCPP1b induced apoptosis on A549 cells through upregulation of caspase-3 and Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 proteins. sCPP1b possessed stronger antitumor activity than CPP1b. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Highlights: [•] A pectic polysaccharide (CPP1b) from Codonopsis pilosula was at first identified. [•] The chemical structure of CPP1b was elucidated. [•] The ultramicrostructure of CPP1b was described. [•] CPP1b presents potential anti-tumor and adjucant anti-tumor activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CPP1b is a pectic polysaccharide isolated from Codonopsis pilosula , and it possesses potent antitumor activity. In this study, a HNO 3 –Na 2 SeO 3 method was performed to synthesize selenium–CPP1b (sCPP1b). The effects of BaCl 2 usage amount and HNO 3 concentration on the yield and selenium content of sCPP1b were investigated by single-factor experiments. Reaction time, reaction temperature and the ratio of polysaccharide to Na 2 SeO 3 were optimized by orthogonal experimental design at three levels of each of the three factors (L 9 (3) 4 ) based on antitumor activity, selenium content and yield of sCPP1b. Our results showed that 5 h of reaction time, 60 °C of reaction temperature, and 2:2 ratio of polysaccharide to Na 2 SeO 3 were the optimal selenylation modification conditions. The validation experiments completed under the optimal conditions gave the mean selenium content and yield of sCPP1b were 478.17 μg/g (RSD = 5.7%) and 595 mg/g (RSD = 1.6%), respectively. Selenylation modification can significantly increase the antitumor activity of CPP1b in vitro . The structural characterization of sCPP1b was further characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and high-performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering. These structure analysis results indicated that sCPP1b has been successfully selenylation modified with similar structure to polysaccharide of CPP1b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]