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Objective: To study and compare the clinical effects of posterior lumbar interbody fusion(PLIF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion(TLIF) on the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis(DLS) combined with lumbar spinal stenosis(LSS) for elderly patients. Methods: 40 elderly patients with DLS and LSS who were admitted in our hospital from December 2011 to December 2014 were recruited and according to the different operation methods, the patients were divided into the PLIF group and the TLIF group. Then the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume, postoperative time of staying in bed, visual analogue pain score(VAS), Oswestry dysfunction index(ODI) and complications of the two groups were observed and compared.Results: The intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage volume and time of staying in bed of TLIF group were better than those of the PLIF group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference about the operation time between the two groups(P>0.05). The VAS and ODI scores half a year after the operation in the two groups were significantly better than before, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05); There was no statistically significant difference about the VAS and ODI scores between the two groups(P>0.05). The occurrence rate of complications of TLIF group was obviously lower than that of the PLIF group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion: TLIF demonstrates has better effect on the treatment of DLS and LSS for elderly patients with less postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]