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To ensure that regenerative braking energy is fully utilized by traction trains in the whole railway power supply systems, an effective utilization scheme of the regenerative braking energy based on power regulation with a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed in this paper. This scheme consists of railway power conditioners (RPCs), energy transfer converters (ETCs) and a central controller. A RPC connects the two power arms of each TS, and an ETC connects the two power arms of each section post (SP). The RPCs and ETCs are controlled to transfer the regenerative braking power distributed by the central controller, which is calculated by the GA. The detailed calculation steps are described. Moreover, the principle and control strategies of the negative sequence current compensation by the RPCs are given based on the optimization results of the GA. Finally, optimization calculations and hardware in loop (HIL) experiments were performed. The results show that the utilization rate of regenerative braking energy is about 93.3% and the three‐phase current imbalance is reduced by about 98.6% in the case system with the proposed scheme. This result verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the carbon reduction investment decisions of the electric power energy supply chain considering carbon trading and carbon subsidy policies in China's "dual carbon" context. By building a three-level supply chain system including electric power producers, retailers, and consumers, we discuss the optimal decision-making problem of the supply chain for three models of decentralized supply chain decision making without government subsidies, centralized supply chain decision making with government subsidies, and centralized supply chain decision making with government subsidies and carbon emission reduction cost sharing. Through model solving and further numerical simulations, the results showed that the increase in carbon emission reduction investment cost has a significant negative impact on power price and the total expected income of the supply chain. However, a reasonable level of government carbon emission reduction subsidy can effectively alleviate the increase in power price and improve the total expected income of supply chain. In addition, carbon mission reduction investment and supply chain cost allocation can effectively improve the carbon emission reduction level of the power supply chain, improve the income and enthusiasm of electric power producers, and realize the sustainable development of electric power energy consumption and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a centralized-decentralized control strategy for regenerative braking energy utilization and power quality improvement in the modified AC-fed railway system with energy-storage-based smart electrical infrastructure. The proposal of a centralized-decentralized control strategy can enhance the ability to withstand and rapidly recover from disruptions, thus providing further guarantees for safe and reliable operation and energy conservation for railway systems. First of all, the description and control strategy of the modified railway system are outlined, and then the control principles and implementation process of the centralized control and decentralized control strategies are given. Moreover, a method of load power detection and regulated power reference calculation is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified in a case of a modified railway system consisting of four traction substations and eight power supply sections. The results demonstrate that regenerative braking energy can be efficiently utilized in railways and that power quality can be improved using the proposed centralized-decentralized control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With respect to the problems of great impact on the utility grid, the increasing catenary voltage, the limited utilization rate of the regenerative braking energy (RBE) and the irreducible cost of electricity for locomotives caused by the RBE generated by electric locomotives of the whole railway line cannot be fully utilized in traction power supply systems. An energy management system (EMS) integrating electrical energy and information is proposed in this paper. A corresponding optimization algorithm is also proposed to calculate the distribution of the regenerative braking power in the whole railway line. The structure and working principle of the EMS are introduced. The basic principle and detailed steps of the proposed algorithm are given. Finally, the optimization calculation and simulation are carried out, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed EMS and the optimization algorithm are verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]