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The operation of power systems now relies on extensive applications of digital communication systems, known as cyber networks. These applications are categorized as having either direct or indirect interactions between cyber and power networks. We previously studied direct interdependencies inside cyber-power networks and proposed the state mapping based model to evaluate its impact on the power system reliability. This paper focuses on indirect interdependencies between cyber and power networks. Certain applications of indirect interdependencies in modern power systems are discussed, and a state updating-based model is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the reliability of cyber-power networks under indirect interdependencies. Two optimization models are used to maximize the data connectivity in the cyber network and minimize the load curtailment in the power network. A high-voltage substation equipped with both monitoring and protection systems is studied to show the effectiveness of the proposed solution model. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Smart grid initiatives are becoming more and more achievable through the use of information infrastructures that feature peer-to-peer communication, monitoring, protection and automated control. The analysis of smart grid operation requires considering the reliability of the cyber network as it is neither invulnerable nor failure free. This paper quantitatively evaluates the reliability of modern power systems, which incorporates the impact of cyber network failures on the reliability of the power network. In this paper, four types of interdependencies are defined and a new concept of state mapping is proposed to map the failures in the cyber network to the failures of the power network. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the impact of direct cyber-power interdependencies on the reliability indices, two optimization models are introduced to maximize the data connection in the cyber network and minimize the load shedding in the power network. The effectiveness of proposed reliability evaluation method is shown by a smart microgrid application. The methodology presented in this paper is a start point to optimize the future power grid which has increasingly interdependencies between cyber and power networks. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]