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The prevalence of pathologies due to placental dysfunction superimposed on pregnancy is constantly increasing. The prognosis of the cases complicated by gestational hypertension is usually good, significantly better compared with that of the cases associating preeclampsia. About half of the cases with gestational hypertension will progress to preeclampsia, the risk of decompensation being inversely proportional to the gestational age of the onset of gestational hypertension. The present study, analyzed the cases of pregnancy and postpartum complicated by pathologies related to placental dysfunction, during a period of 5 years. The risk factors analyzed were the presence of infections during pregnancy, diabetes, thrombophilia, pregnancy obtained by in vitro fertilization, abnormal adherence of the placenta, obesity, multiple pregnancy, the presence of an earlier hepatic, endocrine, renal, cardiac or autoimmune pathology, and the existence of an uterine malformation. Obesity appears with a significantly increased incidence in patients with gestational hypertension and middle preeclampsia. Intrauterine growth restriction appears with a significantly increased incidence in patients with mild preeclampsia. Complications such as prematurity, acute fetal distress and abruption of placentae had a significantly increased incidence in patients with severe preeclampsia. Thus, obese patients have a higher risk of moderate preeclampsia, following gestational hypertension and finally severe preeclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preeclampsia is and remains an actual subject of obstetrics regarding the associated immediate high risk of morbidity and mortality for both mother and future risk for cardiovascular disease. Many different strategies to prevent preeclampsia have been studied, but none of the reported results presented a widely effectiveness, until now. Possibility of predicting preeclampsia would have a significant impact in decreasing the incidence of cases with tragic outcome related to this condition. For late-onset preeclampsia there is no prediction method at this time, in this context, the suitable approach is the diagnosis as early as possible in order of a better outcome. Lowdose aspirin (LDA) administrated in the first trimester to patients who are at increased risk for pre-eclampsia is the only drug that has proven benefits for reducing the frequency of this condition and associated adverse outcomes. In terms of prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin in combination with LDA or as a single treatment, results are controversial, additional studies being required. We intend to summarize the latest proposals regarding the measures that can be taken to prevent maternal and fetal complications that may occur as a result of the development of preeclampsia, methods of early diagnosis and characteristics of atypical forms of preeclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods to prevent the development of pathologies due to placental dysfunctions, such as gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, are the main approaches for obtaining the best maternal and fetal antepartum and postpartum prognosis. During 5 years of study (January, 2015 to December, 2019), the cases of pregnancy and puerperium complicated with pathology due to placental dysfunction were analyzed. The main objective was to determine the magnitude of the impact of thrombophilia on the development of an entity of gestational hypertension disorder. We compared the impact of thrombophilia and its associated complications in patients with gestational hypertension with moderate and severe preeclampsia. Thus, we found obesity, thrombophilia, and underlying cardiac pathology to be significant risk factors for severe preeclampsia. Regarding the comparative analysis of the risk factors and complications associated with patients with mild preeclampsia compared with those with severe preeclampsia, the presence in severe preeclampsia of thrombophilia, endocrine, liver, and cardiac pathology was higher and, a higher rate of complications was observed; complications included fetal death, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), prematurity, fetal arrhythmia with acute fetal distress, HELLP syndrome, and placental abruption. Thrombophilia has a significant effect on the development of severe preeclampsia, and oligohydramnios as specific complication of mild preeclampsia. Factors indicating an increased risk of progression from mild preeclampsia to severe preeclampsia are in addition to inherited thrombophilia the underlying pathologies, namely cardiac, hepatic, and endocrine factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]