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Abstract Background Periodontitis results from host-microbe dysbiosis and the resultant dysregulated immunoinflammatory response. Importantly, it closely links to numerous systemic comorbidities, and perplexingly contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Currently, there are limited studies on the distal consequences of periodontitis via oral-gut axis in pregnant women. This study investigated the integrative microbiome-metabolome profiles through multi-omics approaches in first-trimester pregnant women and explored the translational potentials. Methods We collected samples of subgingival plaques, saliva, sera and stool from 54 Chinese pregnant women at the first trimester, including 31 maternal periodontitis (Perio) subjects and 23 Non-Perio controls. By integrating 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics and clinical traits, we explored the oral-gut microbial and metabolic connection resulting from periodontitis among early pregnant women. Results We demonstrated a novel bacterial distinguisher Coprococcus from feces of periodontitis subjects in association with subgingival periodontopathogens, being different from other fecal genera in Lachnospiraceae family. The ratio of fecal Coprococcus to Lachnoclostridium could discriminate between Perio and Non-Perio groups as the ratio of subgingival Porphyromonas to Rothia did. Furthermore, there were differentially abundant fecal metabolic features pivotally enriched in periodontitis subjects like L-urobilin and kynurenic acid. We revealed a periodontitis-oriented integrative network cluster, which was centered with fecal Coprococcus and L-urobilin as well as serum triglyceride. Conclusions The current findings about the notable influence of periodontitis on fecal microbiota and metabolites in first-trimester pregnant women via oral-gut axis signify the importance and translational implications of preconceptional oral/periodontal healthcare for enhancing maternal wellbeing.

Objective: It is evident that periodontitis is linked to various adverse pregnancy outcomes. This prospective study explored the potential link of maternal periodontal diseases to neonatal adverse outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 193 generally healthy females in their third trimester (34–36 weeks) of pregnancy were enrolled. All subjects received full-mouth periodontal assessment, and the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was calculated. Demographic data, lifestyles and anthropometric measurements of the neonates (e.g., body length and head circumference) were recorded. Herein, small-for-gestational age (SGA) referred to gender- and age-adjusted birth weight below the 10th percentile in line with the standard reference. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic spline were performed for examining the association of periodontal parameters with SGA. Results: There were 8.3% (16/193) of neonates with SGA. Significantly positive correlation existed between the percentage of tooth sites with increased probing depth and an elevated risk of SGA (OR: 1.052; P < 0.05). Yet, the PISA was positively associated with the risk of SGA (OR: 1.002; P < 0.05) as well. No significant link occurred between maternal periodontal status and other neonatal outcome measures. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the findings suggest that there could be a link between maternal periodontal diseases and neonatal adverse outcomes like SGA. Further investigation is required to clarify the current findings and potential implications for promoting maternal oral/periodontal health and newborn health.

Abstract Background The age-specific definition of low anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) is lacking. This study aims to define an age-specific reference for low AMH and to evaluate the associated outcome in women undergoing IVF treatment. Methods A retrospective study was performed in women receiving IVF treatment at the Shenzhen maternity and child healthcare hospital between September 2016 and September 2018. We excluded cases without AMH concentration. Polynomial least-squares regression was used to estimate the age-specific reference ranges for AMH after log-transformed. The age-specific 10th centile was defined as the threshold of low AMH concentration. Results A total of 909 patients were analyzed in this study. The age-specific reference ranges for AMH were established using linear regression model and resulted in an age-specific equation for mean: mean of LnAMH = (− 0.085 × age) + 3.722 (ng/ml, in unit). Women with AMH level higher than 10th centile had favorable outcomes in ovarian stimulation compared to those with low AMH level. In patients younger than 35 years, the rates of clinical pregnancy per transfer and ongoing pregnancy per transfer in the subgroup with AMH level higher than 10th centile were significantly higher than that in the subgroup of low AMH level, 57% versus 31.3% p = 0.003 and 51.9% versus 21.9% p = 0.001, respectively. Conclusion Women with AMH lower than age-specific 10th centile had significantly unfavorable outcomes after IVF treatment. The age-specific 10th centile of AMH concentration may be useful to predict the outcome of IVF treatment.