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Objectives: To analyse immunovirological status during primary HIV-1 infection (PHI) according to contemporary clinical status and time since infection. Methods: Plasma HIV-RNA and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) HIV-DNA levels and CD4 cell counts were determined at enrolment in the ANRS PRIMO cohort. Time since infection was estimated based on both the number of antibodies on western blot at enrolment (0-1, 2-4 or ≥5 specific antibodies) and the estimated interval between infection and enrolment based on clinical and epidemiological features. Patients were classi- fied according to the presence or absence of clinical symptoms at enrolment. Results: Between 1996 and 2006, 674 patients were enrolled an estimated median of 47 days after infection. Median marker values were as follows: HIV-RNA 5.10 log10 copies/mL (range <1.70-8.33); HIV-DNA 3.30 log10 copies/106 PBMCs (<1.84-4.93); and 506 CD4 cells/mm³ (40-1542). Median HIV-RNA and PBMC HIV-DNA levels were significantly higher in patients with 0 or 1 specific antibody (n=71) than in patients with 2-4 (n=228) or ≥5 antibodies (n=375). Symptomatic patients had significantly higher HIV-RNA and PBMC HIVDNA levels and lower CD4 cell counts. However, 10% of symptomatic patients recruited shortly after infection had favourable immunovirological status. Conclusions: Plasma HIV-RNA, PBMC HIV-DNA and CD4 cell count values were highly diverse and correlated strongly with clinical status during PHI. Early diagnosis was not always associated with severe PHI. Combining PBMC HIV-DNA with HIV-RNA, CD4 cell count and clinical symptoms would have allowed identification of 179 patients (26.5%) at high risk of rapid disease progression who did not meet current guidelines for early treatment initiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the decline of the rate of CD4+ T-cell count after cessation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) during primary HIV infection (PHI). It says that it has long believed that an early initiation of cART during PHI could reduce the spread of the virus and preserve the T-cell responses. It mentions that kinetics of CD4+ counts are analyzed on the square root scale in 170 patients who received cART during PHI.

Cites a study about the adverse social conditions constituting the independent risk factors of socialization or death during the course of HIV disease in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. Assessment of the association between socioeconomic conditions and the risk of all-cause hospitalization or death; Number of individuals enrolled in the French PRIMO multicenter prospective cohort; Comparison of risk for patients with temporary employment and with stable employment.

Surveys the frequency of genotypic antiretroviral resistance and the spread of non-B subtypes in patients with primary HIV-1 infection and in treatment-naive chronically HIV-1-infected patients. Identification of resistance mutations from the International AIDS Society Resistance Testing-USA panel; Method of defining the resistant viruses; Value of the prevalence of reverse transcript associated and major protease inhibitor-associated mutations.