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Фитогени додаци храни за животиње (фитобиотици) се дефинишу као једињења биљног порекла која се користе у исхрани животиња са циљем унапређења њихове продуктивности путем побољшања производних резултата животиња, својстава хране, као и квалитета намирница анималног порекла. Позитиван ефекат фитогених адитива (есенцијалних уља) у храни за животиње и њихових компоненти на производне резултате и здравље животиња је последица бројних својстава, од којих су најзначајнија њихова антиинфламаторна и антиоксидативна дејства, побољшање конзумације, стимулисање лучења ензима, повећање мотилитета желуца и црева, стимулација ендокриног и имуног система, антимикробно, антивирусно и кокцидиостатско деловање. Да би се испитао утицај исхране бројлера оброцима са додатим различитим фитогеним адитивима на здравствено стање, производне резултате, сензорне особине меса, као и оправданост кориштења фитогених адитива у исхрани бројлера организован је оглед на укупно 240 бројлера провенијенције Cobb 500, подељених у 4 групе. Храњени су стандардним смешама по препоруци произвођача, с тим што су се групе једино разликовале у томе што су огледне групе (О-I – О-IV) у смеши за исхрану имале додате различите комерцијалне фитогене адитиве а контролна група (К) без фитогеног адитива. Производни резултати (већи прирас, мања конзумација, боља конверзија) бројлера огледних група су били значајно бољи у односу на контролну групу бројлера у свим фазама това. У односу на бројлере посматраних огледних група код бројлера контролне групе утврђен је већи просечан број бактерија E. coli и Enteroccocus spp., а мањи број бактерија млечне киселине у испитиваним деловима дигестивног тракта. Посматране огледне групе су у свим испитиваним сегментима црева имале већу висину и ширину цревних ресица, а мању дубину крипти у односу на бројлере контролне групе, чиме је остварен већи ресорптивнии капацитет цревне слузнице. При сензорној анализи просечна оцена укупне прихватљивости меса груди О-I групе бројлера била је статистички значајно већа у односу на друге групе, а месо батака са карабатаком О-III групе бројлера у односу на О-I групу. Phytogenic feed additives (phytobiotics) are defined as compounds of plant origin used in animal nutrition with the aim of improving their productivity by improving the production results of animals, feed properties, as well as the quality of food of animal origin. The positive effect of phytogenic additives (essential oils) in animal feed and their components on production results and animal health is due to numerous properties, the most important of which are their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, improving consumption, stimulating enzyme secretion, increasing gastric and intestinal motility, stimulation endocrine and immune systems, antimicrobial, antiviral and coccidiostatic action. In order to examine the impact of broiler diet with various phytogenic additives on health, production results, sensory properties of meat, as well as the justification of using phytogenic additives in broiler diet, a total of 240 broilers of Cobb 500 provenance were organized, divided into 4 groups. They were fed standard mixtures recommended by the manufacturer, with the only difference being that the experimental groups (O-I - O-IV) had different commercial phytogenic additives added to the feed mixture and the control group (K) without phytogenic additives. The production results (higher increment, lower consumption, better conversion) of broilers of the experimental groups were significantly better compared to the control group of broilers in all phases of fattening. Compared to the broilers of the observed experimental groups, the broilers of the control group had a higher average number of E.coli and Enteroccocus spp., and a lower number of lactic acid bacteria in the examined parts of the digestive tract. The observed experimental groups had a higher height and width of intestinal villi in all examined segments of the intestine, and a smaller depth of crypts in relation to the broilers of the control group, which achieved a higher resorptive capacity of the intestinal mucosa. In the sensory analysis, the average assessment of the total acceptability of breast meat O-I group was statistically significantly higher compared to other groups, and drumstick with thigh of O-III broiler group compared to O-I group. Zbornik radova i kratkih sadržaja

Purified lignocellulose represents a pronutritive substance that affects the viscosity of the intestinal content, increases the absorption of nutrients and reduces the number of pathogenic bacteria in the small intestine. In this experiment the effects of lignocellulose in poultry nutrition was studied. Trial included 384 broilers of Cobb 500 provenance, both male and female, divided into four groups (control group: C and three experimental groups: E-I, E-II and E-III), 96 animals in each. Animals were fed with standard feed mixtures, starter (from 1st to 13th day), grover (from 14th to 28th day) and finisher (from 29th to 42th day), according to the manufacturer's recommendation. A control group (C) diet was without additives. The experimental groups differed in the fact that in the first two mixtures (starter and grover) a commercial preparation of purified lignocellulose (Arbocel® R, J. Rettenmaier & Söhne GmbH + CO. KG, Rosenberg, Germany) was added in the amount of 4 g/kg of feed for the E-I group, 6 g/kg of Arbocel® R as an expense of 0.3% soybean meal and 0.3% maize was added for the E-II group and 6 g/kg of Arbocel® R as an expense of 0.6% soybean meal was added for the E-III group. Analyzing the entire period of observation (from 1st to 42th day), adding the lignocellulose in experimental E-II group resulted in the best production indicators (final body weight 2611.00 g, average daily feed intake 96.09 g, average weight gain 2569.29 g and feed to gain ratio 1.67). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the use of lignocelluloses in broilers nutrition has its medical, nutritional and economical justification.

Osnovni cilj istraživanja ove doktorske disertacije bio je da se ispita uticaj ishrane brojlera obrocima sa dodatkom različitih količina purifikovane lignoceluloze na zdravstveno stanje, proizvodne rezultate (tjelesna masa, prirast, konzumacija i konverzija hrane), fizičke karakteristike (težina digestivnog trakta), vlažnost stelje, mikrobiološke i morfološke karakteristike pojedinih segmenata crijeva, kao i opravdanost korištenja lignoceluloze u ishrani brojlera. Ogled je izveden na ukupno 400 brojlera provenijencije Cobb 500, podijeljenih u 4 grupe po 100 jedinki u svakoj. Sve jedinke hranjene su smješama standardnog sirovinskog i hemijskog sastava po preporuci proizvođača hibrida, s tim što su se grupe jedino razlikovale u tome što su ogledne grupe u starter i grover smješi za ishranu imale dodate različite količine purifikovane lignoceluloze ( O-I grupa je dobijala purifikovanu lignocelulozu u količini od 4 g/kg hrane, O-II grupa u količini od 6 g/kg purifikovane lignoceluloze , dok je u hranu za O-III grupu brojlera dodato 6 g/kg purifikovane lignoceluloze uz smanjenje učešća sojine sačme za 0,6%. Smješe za ishranu bile su formulisane tako da u potpunosti zadovolje potrebe brojlera u svim fazama tova. Za vrijeme trajanja ogleda praćeno je zdravstveno stanje i proizvodni parametri (tjelesna masa, prirast, konzumacija i konverzija hrane). Kontrolna mjerenja tjelesne mase i konzumacije hrane vršena su svakodnevno i na kraju svake nedelje tova. Na kraju tova brojleri su izmjereni, izračunata je potrošena količina hrane, a u klaonici je izvršeno mjerenje težine digestivnog trakta i uzimanje uzoraka crijeva za mikrobiološke i histološke analize. Korišćenjem purifikovane lignoceluloze postignuti su bolji proizvodni rezultati oglednih grupa u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu brojlera. Tjelesne mase brojlera oglednih grupa bile su veće od kontrolne grupe u svim fazama tova. U periodu tova od 1-21. dana utvrđena je statistički manja tjelesna masa brojlera kontrolne u odnosu na brojlere O-II grupe, s tim da je isti trend nastavljen i u drugoj fazi tova (22-42. dan) gdje su utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između O-II grupe u odnosu na kontrolnu, ali i ostale ogledne grupe. U svim fazama tova, kao i za cijeli period tova ogledne grupe brojlera ostvarile su veći prosiječni prirast od kontrolne grupe... The main goal of this doctoral dissertation was to investigate the effect of broiler’s nutrition on meals with the addition of various amounts of purified lignocelluloses on health condition, production results (body weight, growth, food consumption and conversion), physical characteristics (the weight of the digestive tract), litter moisture microbiological and morphological characteristics of certain segments of the intestine, as well as the justification for the use of lignocellulose in feeding of broilers. The experiment was performed on total of 400 broilers on provenance Cobb 500 divided into 4 groups with 100 individuals in each of them. All individuals were being fed with mixture of standard raw material and chemical composition as recommended by the hybrid manufacturer, the only thing was that groups differed in that the experimental groups in starter and grower mixture had different added amounts of purified lignocellulose (the OI group received purified lignocellulose in 4 g / kg of feed, O-II group in the amount of 6 g / kg of purified lignocellulose, while 6 g / kg of purified lignocellulose was added to the feed for O-III group of broilers with a 0.6% reduction in soybean meal content. Nutritional mixture were formulated to fully satisfy needs of borilers in all stages of fattening. During of the experiment health status and production parameters (body weight, growth, food consumption and conversion) were monitored daily and at the end of each week of fattening. At the end of fattening boilers were measured, the amount of consumed food was calculated and in the slaughterhouse the digestive tract weigh was measured and it was taken sample gut for microbiological and histological analysis. The use of purified lignocellulose achieved better production results of the experimental groups than the control group of broilers. The broiler body weights of experimental group were larger than the control group at all stages of fattening. In the fattening period 1-21 it was determined statistically lower body mass of control broiler than O-II group broilers. The same trend was continued in the second stage of fattening (22-42 days) where were determined statistically significant differences between O-II group compared to control, but also other experimental group. At all stages of fattening as for the whole fattening period experimental groups of broilers achieved higher average increment than control group...

Osnovni cilj istraživanja u okviru ove doktorske disertacije je bio da se ispita uticaj konjugovane linolne kiseline (conjugated linoleic acid-CLA) na proizvodne rezultate (potrošnja hrane, prirast, konverzija), parametre mesnatosti (pocenat mesa u trupu) i kvalitet mesa brojlera (hemijski sastav, senzorne osobine, masnokiselinski sastav, uključujući sadržaj CLA, sadržaj malondialdehida). Za ogled su korišćeni brojleri Cobb 500 provenijencije podeljeni u četiri grupe po 30 životinja i hranjeni standardnim smešama po preporuci proizvođača, s tim što su se grupe razlikovale jedino u tome što su ogledne grupe imale u obroku dodat komercijalni preparat konjugovane kiseline, u preporučenoj količini od 2% u smeši u različitim fazama tova (O-I grupa 2% CLA od početka tova, O-II grupa 2% CLA od 11. dana tova, O-III grupa 2% CLA od 22. dana tova) i kontrolna grupa (K grupa) bez dodatka CLA. Smeše su bile izbalansirane i u potpunosti zadovoljavale potrebe životinja u svim fazama tova. Na kraju tova životinje su izmerene, izračunata je potrošena količina hrane, a na klanici uzeti uzorci masnog tkiva i mesa za hemijske analze (hemijski sastav mesa, MDA i masnokiselinski sastav) i senzorne analize. Uzorci mesa bataka sa karabatakom za određivanje sadržaja MDA zamrznuti su pri -18oC. Na klanici su posle rasecanja izmerene mase osnovnih delova (grudi, batak sa karabatakom) trupa. Kod izoenergetskih i izoproteinskih smeša za ishranu brojlera utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike između prosečnih sadržaja zasićenih, mononezasićenih, polinezasićenih, n-3 i n-6 masnih kiselina. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između odnosa n-3 i n-6 masnih kiselina. Prosečan ukupan sadržaj konjugovane linolne kiseline u smeši za ishranu oglednih grupa brojlera bio je 4,43 %. U hrani za kontrolnu grupu brojlera nije utvrđeno prisustvo konjugovane linolne kiseline. Na početku tova, a zatim na kraju prve i druge faze tova, kao i na kraju tova nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike između prosečnih masa ispitivanih grupa brojlera. Prosečan prirast za ceo period tova bio je najveći kod O-I grupe a najmanji kod K grupe brojlera, dok je ukupna konzumacija bila najveća kod K grupe a najmanja kod O-I grupe. Konverzija hrane bila je najbolja kod O-I grupe a najlošija kod kontrolne grupe brojlera. Prosečne mase trupova pre i posle hlađenja, zatim prosečne mase grudi i prosečne mase bataka sa karabatakom kao i njihova zastupljenost u masi trupa nisu se statistički značajno razlikovale između poređenih grupa brojlera. Takođe nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između prosečnih masa, odnosno učešća mesa u grudima, odnosno bataku sa karabatakom ispitivanih grupa brojlera. Između prosečnih pH vrednosti, odnosno prosečnih temperatura mesa merenih nakon 45 minuta, odnosno posle 24 sata od klanja nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike... The main objective of research under this doctoral thesis was to investigate the influence of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on performance (feed consumption, weight gain, conversion), the parameters of leanness (pocenat meat in the carcass) and meat quality of broilers (chemical composition, sensory characteristics, fatty acid composition including the content of CLA and content of malondialdehyde). For the experiment used broilers Cobb 500 provenience divided into four groups of 30 animals and fed standard diets as recommended by the manufacturer, provided that the groups differed only in the fact that the experimental group had a meal added to a commercial preparation of conjugated acid, the recommended amount of 2% in the mixture at different stages of production (O-I group 2% CLA since the beginning of the fattening period, O-II group 2% CLA of 11. days of fattening, O-III group 2% CLA of 22.days of fattening) and control (K group) without the addition of CLA. Mixtures were balanced and fully meet the needs of animals in all stages of this. At the end of fattening animals are weighed, calculated the amount of food consumed, and at the slaughterhouse sampled fat and meat for chemical analze (chemical composition of meat MDA and fatty acid composition) and sensory analysis. Samples of drumstick with thigh for determination of MDA were frozen at -18°C. At the slaughterhouse, the meat preservation after the measured weight of the basic parts (breast, drumstickwith thigh) carcass. In meal for broilers, balanced on the energy and protein content,were found statistically significant differences between average content of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. There was a statistically significant difference between the ratios of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. Average total content of conjugated linoleic acid in the mixture for feeding experimental group of broilers was 4.43%. The feed of the control group was not detected conjugated linoleic acid. At the beginning of this, and then at the end of the first and second phases of fattening, as at the end of fattening there were no statistically significant differences between the average mass of examined groups of broilers. Average growth for the whole fattening period was highest in O-I group and the lowest in K group of broilers, while the total consumption was highest in K group and the lowest in O-I group. Feed conversion was the best in O-I group and the worst in the control group of chickens. Average carcass weight before and after cooling, then the average breast weight and the average weight of drumsticks with thighs as well as their representation in carcass weight did not significantly differ between the examined groups of broilers. There was also no statistically significant difference between the average weight and participation in breast meat and drumsticks with thighs examined groups of broilers. Between average pH value and the average temperature of meat measured after 45 minutes and after 24 hours of slaughter were no statistically significant differences...