Search

The grain industry in Ukraine is the most important component of the agro-industrial complex. At the same time, spring wheat grain production remains low and unstable due to insufficient efficiency of cultivation technology. The purpose of the research was to establish optimal seeding rates for soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds of the Shirocco variety. The study of the influence of the seeding rate on the productivity and quality indicators of soft spring wheat was carried out according to the scheme: 3.5 million pcs ha-1, 4.0 million pcs ha-1, 4.5 million pcs ha-1, 5.0 million pcs ha-1; 5.5 million pcs ha-1; 6.0 million pcs ha-1. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest density of standing was obtained on the variant with a seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs ha-1 - 522 pcs m2 with plant preservation during the growing season of 86.8% (453.1 pcs m2). The maximum yield was observed on the variant with a seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs ha-1 - 5.63 t ha-1. At a seeding rate of 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 pcs m2 the yield was 4.07, 4.58, 4.76, 5.00, 5.30 t ha-1, respectively. According to the results of the research, it was studied that at a seeding rate of 6.0 million pcs ha-1, the highest yield of spring wheat grain was obtained - 5.63 t ha-1, and the maximum quality indicators of gluten and protein content at a seeding rate of 5.5 million pcs ha-1 - 25.5, 13.82%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of mineral fertilizers on productivity and nutrient balance of sod-podzolic soil when growing cereal meadow agrophytocenosis under conditions of Precarpathians of Ukraine was researched. It was found that the dependence of cereal agrocenosis productivity on the doses and ratios of N, P, K in mineral fertilizers is described by equation (polynomial) of the 2nd degree. Among the mineral elements, nitrogen is has the greatest influence on grass productivity. When applying the total dose of N75 with even distribution of nitrogen under each of three mowings on different backgrounds of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, the productivity of cereal grass increases by 2.82-3.06 t ha-1 of dry mass, and when applying N150 by 3.33-4.93 t ha-1 of dry mass. Recoupment of nitrogen fertilizers per 1 kg by yield increase when applying N75 is 38-41 kg of dry mass, which is 4-5 kg more compared to the application of N150. The indices of phosphorus and especially potassium removal, as well as deficiency of these elements in the balance increased along with nitrogen dose. Independently of the phosphorus and potassium doses, the lowest indices are fixed on a nitrogen-free background, and the highest - on the background of N150. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Productivity and mowing periods of various cereal grasses on sod-podzolic soil of Pre-Carpathians were studied. The presence of sown grasses with different ripeness periods provides uniform supply of mowing mass from the middle of May till late September and productivity of lands, which is 5.4-6.8 t ha-1 of dry mass, exchange energy - 44.1-56.8 GJ ha-1 and 3.81-4.87 t ha-1 f.u. On the basis of the obtained results, it was found that with increase of tillage depth from 8-10 cm for surface tillage with disk tools to 20-22 cm by plowing, the productivity of all studied species increased by 2-3% on average for three years with fertilization dose of LSD05 equal to 0.30 t ha-1. Cultivation of cereal grasses on sod-podzolic soils stipulates improvement of their fertility, in particular increasing indices of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]