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Introducción: la contaminación bacteriana es el requisito indispensable para la aparición de las infecciones posoperatorias, con repercusiones socioeconómicas desfavorables, las cuales aumentan el consumo de antimicrobianos. Objetivo: identificar diferentes factores relacionados con la utilización de antibióticos en pacientes con infecciones posquirúrgicas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal acerca de la utilización de antibióticos en 207 pacientes expuestos a cirugías mayores, que presentaron infecciones posoperatorias, atendidos en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Provincial Docente "Saturnino Lora" de Santiago de Cuba durante el trienio 2008-2010. Resultados: predominaron las infecciones incisionales superficiales, seguidas de las localizadas en órgano y espacio. En el período preoperatorio se utilizaron antibióticos en las dos terceras partes de la serie y en el posoperatorio, en todos los que sufrieron esta complicación. Los estudios microbiológicos alcanzaron una positividad de 96,3 % y los gérmenes más comúnmente aislados fueron gramnegativos: Klebsiella, Escherichia coli y Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusiones: la política del uso racional de antibióticos con fines profilácticos y terapéuticos, debe relacionarse con la circulación de gérmenes intrahospitalarios acorde con el mapa bacteriológico y el patrón de resistencia a fin de implementar un protocolo estandarizado para su aplicaciónIntroduction: bacterial contamination is the essential requirement for the occurrence of postoperative infections, with adverse social and economic implications, thus increasing the use of antibiotics. Objective: to identify different factors related to the use of antibiotics in patients with postoperative infections. Methods: a descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study on the use of antibiotics was carried out in 207 patients, who underwent major surgery and presented with postoperative infections, attended in the Department of General Surgery of "Saturnino Lora" Provincial Teaching Hospital of Santiago de Cuba during the triennium 2008-2010. Results: superficial incisional infections predominated, followed by those located in organ and space. In the preoperative period antibiotics were used in two-thirds of the series and in the postoperative period in all who had this complication. Microbiological studies had 96.3% of positivity and the most commonly isolated germs were: Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusions: the occurrence of postoperative infections is related to the proliferation of Gram-negative organisms. The policy of rational use of antibiotics with prophylactic and therapeutic purposes, related to the circulation of hospital germs and resistance pattern, is considered adequate, but a standardized protocol should be implemented for its application.

A descriptive, serial cases study, of 258 patients undergoing surgery in an emergent or elective way who presented postoperative infections was carried out during the triennium 2012-2014 in the General Surgery Service of "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, with the purpose of identifying different factors related to the use of antibiotics in these cases. Among the outstanding results it was obtained that the hospitalization lasted more than 14 days in more than half of the patients whose surgical operations were classified as polluted or dirty, and that in the preoperatory period antibiotics were applied in 77.1% of the series, while in the postoperative phase antibiotics were administered in all those infected. Also, the microbiological studies showed positivity in 86.5% and the most common isolated microorganisms were gramnegative: Klebsiella, pathogen Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter. It was concluded that the politics of the rational use of antibiotics with preservatives and therapeutic ends, should be related to the intrahospital circulation of germs, according to the microbiological map and the resistance of these, so as to implement a standardized protocol in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bacterial contamination is the essential requirement for the occurrence of postoperative infections, with adverse social and economic implications, thus increasing the use of antibiotics. Objective: To identify different factors related to the use of antibiotics in patients with postoperative infections. Methods: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study on the use of antibiotics was carried out in 207 patients, who underwent major surgery and presented with postoperative infections, attended in the Department of General Surgery of "Saturnino Lora" Provincial Teaching Hospital of Santiago de Cuba during the triennium 2008-2010. Results: Superficial incisional infections predominated, followed by those located in organ and space. In the preoperative period antibiotics were used in two-thirds of the series and in the postoperative period in all who had this complication. Microbiological studies had 96.3% of positivity and the most commonly isolated germs were: Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusions: The occurrence of postoperative infections is related to the proliferation of Gram-negative organisms. The policy of rational use of antibiotics with prophylactic and therapeutic purposes, related to the circulation of hospital germs and resistance pattern, is considered adequate, but a standardized protocol should be implemented for its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]