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In this article we aim to present how the application of the specific tax in tourism and food influences the profitability of economic entities in this field. The research methodology involved the study of the literature, the accounting regulations regarding the specific tax and the analysis performed for a number of 10 economic entities that apply these regulations. The study was based on quantitative and qualitative research that involved the collection of information provided by the financial statements, but also other information obtained based on a questionnaire applied to the entities in the study sample. The calculation methodology provided in Law 170/2016 on the establishment of the specific tax was also used. Following this research, we aimed to highlight both the way of applying the specific taxation within the entities in the field subject to analysis, but also the way in which this system influences the registered financial performance. At the same time, there were identified the advantages and disadvantages of its application. Based on the results obtained during the research, the conclusions were formulated regarding the efficiency of the application of the calculation system of the specific tax in the units with tourist and food profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a globalized economy in which more and more companies are operating, expanding their activity in different fields and by setting up different groups of companies, covering different markets, the issue of transfer pricing is not only important, but also necessary in considering the implications that they have not only on the profitability of the companies, but also on the budgets of the states of which they are part. In this paper we aimed to analyze the not easy issue of transfer prices, exemplifying through case studies, the choice and use of various valuation methods that aim to strengthen the tax base and determine the taxable profit within the group of companies in a way that is as correct as possible and that does not have fiscal consequences on them. The methods used were: the price comparison method, the plus cost method, the resale price method and the profit sharing method. The study highlighted that the application of the methods is based on the characteristics of the entities, the characteristics of the transactions subject to analysis and the comparability of the data. But regardless of the applied method, the preparation of the transfer pricing file is useful both for the fiscal authorities and for the entities, considering the fact that they can contribute to the increase of the company's profitability and to the assurance of competitive advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzed net profit and profitability of a panel of six commercial companies (C1-C6) raising dairy cows and supplying milk on the capital market in the period 2009-2018, based on the data from Balance Sheets which were processed using fixed index, descriptive statistics, points method, regression modeling, correlations and determination coefficients. All the companies registered an increased net profit in the analyzed period except C3 which registered losses in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2018 and C5 with losses in 2016. The highest annual profit average was achieved by C4 (Lei 1.19 Million) and the lowest one by C5 (Lei 0.3 Million). Net profit margin varied between 23%, the highest level in C5, and 1.1%, the lowest level in C3. The highest average net profit obtained per one million used assets was Lei 370 thousand in C5 and the lowest level was Lei 6 thousand in C3.For one million equity, the return of net profit accounted for Lei 0.42 million in C5 and Lei 30 thousand in C3. The total costs of the firms increased influencing the net profit. For Lei one million expenses, the average net profit varied between Lei 310 thousand in C5 and 20 thousand in C3. The total number of points received for each analyzed indicator led to the following classification of the companies, in the decreasing order of profitability: C5, C4,C2, C6,C1 and C3. The F test confirmed that the linear regression models attested that costs have an influence on net profit. However, only in case of C5 and C2, the variation of net profit was caused by total costs in a higher proportion than 50%, and in case of C4 and C1 with about 31%. The correlation coefficients reflected a high positive connection between net profit and costs in C2 (r = 0.994) and C6 (r = 0.711). The profitability analysis in these companies emphasized that even though they are in top agribusiness in dairy farming, they could get losses in a few years as net profit is influenced by costs. As a final conclusion, to increase net profit and profitability, the decision makers have to set up a development strategy of the business based on a deep financial analysis and prospecting the opportunities which could assure economic growth in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the important role that consumer perception plays in the success of a business, in this paper we set out to analyze their perception of the apple juice obtained from an agricultural farm in Dambovita county. The study was attended by 103 respondents who were asked a questionnaire consisting of 12 questions, the survey taking place face to face. The data were processed using statistical methods, being interpreted using the Likert scale and highlighting that the product is rated with an overall score of 4.08 points out of a maximum score of 5 points. Based on this study, the owners want to know both the consumers' perception of the apple juice they produce and market, as well as finding solutions to improve their marketing activity so that their products are as attractive as possible, and then to leads to increased market share and the profitability of the activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is constantly changing, both in terms of consumption habits, consumption patterns or consumer attitudes. Therefore, producers must pay much more attention not only to the products obtained, but also to the way in which these products are promoted and reach these consumers. That is why the marketing techniques had to keep up with these changes and which led to the separation of new promotion channels and new ways of promotion, all with the aim of increasing sales. In this paper we aim to discuss sensory marketing that starts from the data provided through sensory analysis tests that aim to either identify sensitive points that appear in technological schemes or extend the life cycle of products, in the end, they aim at both consumer satisfaction and ensuring profit for producers. The research methodology involved reviewing the literature, collecting information through questionnaires to which the valid answers belonged to a number of 127 respondents. The data processing was done using descriptive statistical methods and the Likert scale, and the interpretation of the data allowed us to draw conclusions about how the relationship between sensory analysis and sensory marketing could be used so that the results are used as efficiently as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the great current challenges at the global level is represented by finding sustainable production systems that ensure both social, economic and environmental sustainability, while at the same time pursuing the optimal provision of production, trade or consumption indicators. Globalization is the one that affected those producers who, not having access to alternative markets, had to sell their goods at much lower prices, thus making the very principles of equity and efficiency affected. The solution was represented by the practice of fair trade and the application of sustainable supply systems, which represent ways to solve these shortcomings. This paperanalyzes the situation of fair trade worldwide and its evolution for the period 2012-2020. The research methodology assumed the collection of data, their processing and analysis with the help of some statistical indicators such as: the number of Fairtrade organizations, the number of Fairtrade farmers, the number of workers in Fairtrade organizations, the proportion of women involved in Fairtrade activities, the areas intended for obtaining Fairtrade productions, Fairtrade productions, premiums granted in Fairtrade. The data highlighted the fact that worldwide, during the analyzed period, there was a continuous increase in fair trade, the increase being over 65% in terms of the number of producer organizations. The number of farmers reached over 1.77 million in 2020, this being the result of understanding the role of affiliation to this form of trade. The largest number of producers participating in fair trade are producers of coffee, tea or cocoa, their share being, in the analyzed period, between 86-92%. The paper highlights the fact that the emergence and development of fair trade represented a way of supporting farmers and agricultural workers in developing countries, this can be done both by the political environment, but also by society. Although the application of these measures has contributed to the increase in the standard of living, to the respect of the rights of farmers and workers, equally with the principles of sustainable development, the weight of fair trade in all trade, proves the fact that it is still carried out on a small scale, as there is a need for the development yes, with the aim of reducing global poverty.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]