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Renal insufficiency (RI) is a frequent manifestation of multiple myeloma (MM) at time of diagnosis but there is no reliable prognostic factor for patients with MM presenting with RI. This study investigated the prognostic impact of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with MM with RI at diagnosis. The records of 209 patients with MM between June 2011 and November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. PET/CT positivity was defined as the presence of more than three focal lesions or the presence of extramedullary disease. Of 209 patients, 90 (43.1%) had RI and showed similar survival outcomes to patients who had normal renal function. In total, 113 patients (54.0%) were PET/CT-positive, and 46.6% of patients with RI were PET/CT-positive at baseline. In patients with RI, those who were PET/CT-positive showed significantly inferior survival outcomes to those who were PET/CT-negative [progression-free survival (PFS), 12.7 vs. 34.0 months, P < 0.001; overall survival (OS), 42.2 months vs. not reached, P = 0.001]. On multivariate analysis, PET/CT positivity was significantly associated with PFS and OS in patients with RI. In conclusion, PET/CT is a reliable imaging technique for predicting survival outcomes in patients with MM with RI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study evaluated the prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT at baseline in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloa (MM) and evaluated the prognostic relevance of 18F-FDG PET/CT for each stage according to the Revised International Staging System (R-ISS).Method: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 167 patients with newly diagnosed MM. 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed prior to induction therapy in patients with newly diagnosed MM.Results: In the total cohort, the presence of more than three hypermetabolic focal lesions (FLs) or extramedullary disease (EMD) on baseline PET/CT was associated with significantly inferior progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than other patients. Because most patients (91%) with EMD had more than three FLs, PET/CT positivity was defined as the presence of more than three FLs or the presence of EMD. In multivariate analyses, PET/CT positivity was an independent predictor of PFS and OS in all patients. Fifty-five patients (46.1%) with R-ISS II were PET/CT-positive at baseline and had significantly shorter PFS and OS. PET/CT positivity was also correlated with poor PFS and OS in patients with R-ISS III.Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT was an independent predictor of survival outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed MM. In addition, performing 18F- FDG PET/CT at diagnosis may be useful for determining the survival outcomes of MM patients with R-ISS II and III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Measurement of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH)-stimulated thyroglobulin (Tg) is generally recommended 72 h after the second rhTSH injection. However, due to the acute effect of I-131 on thyrocytes, Tg measured after radioiodine therapy (RIT) would not accurately reflect the thyroid tissue burden. We aimed to determine predictive values of serum Tg level measured just before rhTSH-aided RIT and to compare the results obtained just after RIT in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Methods: We evaluated 150 patients with DTC who underwent rhTSH-aided RIT (2.96-6.66 GBq) after total thyroidectomy between 2009 and 2014. Serum Tg level was measured 24 h (early Tg) and 72 (or 96) h (delayed Tg) after the second rhTSH injection. An excellent response was defined based on the latest American Thyroid Association Guidelines. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for early Tg, delayed Tg, and other clinical variables.Results: In the multivariate analysis, tumor size [odds ratio (OR) 1.716; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.019-2.882; p = 0.042] and early Tg level (OR 2.012; 95% CI 1.384-2.925, p < 0.001) independently predicted excellent responses. The cutoff for the best early Tg level to predict a non-excellent response was 2.0 ng/mL. Delayed Tg was not a significant predictor (OR 0.992; 95% CI 0.969-1.015; p = 0.492).Conclusions: Early stimulated Tg significantly predicted therapeutic response after rhTSH-aided RIT in patients with DTC. Therefore, serum Tg should be measured before RIT to predict therapeutic responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic significance of metabolic parameters from C-methionine (MET) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with malignant glioma. The MET-PET was examined in 42 patients who had been previously treated with adjuvant treatment for malignant glioma. Both ratios of maximal MET uptake of the tumors to those of the contralateral normal gray matter (T/N ratio) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) were estimated in each lesion. The diagnostic performance for recurrence was investigated in all enrolled patients. A definitive diagnosis was done with pathologic confirmation or clinical follow-up. Among recurrent patients, we evaluated the prognostic value of metabolic parameters (T/N ratio and MTV) as well as clinical factors. Among 42 patients, 35 patients were revealed with recurrence. Both T/N ratios ( p = 0.009) and MTV ( p = 0.001) exhibited statistical significance to differentiate between recurrence and post-treatment radiation effect. A T/N ratio of 1.43 provided the best sensitivity and specificity for recurrence (91.4 and 100 %, respectively), and a MTV of 6.72 cm provided the best sensitivity and specificity (77.1 % and 100 %, respectively). To evaluate the prognostic impact, different cutoffs of MTV were examined in patients with recurrent tumor and a threshold of 60 cm was determined as a best cutoff value to separate the patients in two prognostic groups. Univariate analysis revealed improved overall survival (OS) for patients with Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) score ≥70 ( p < 0.001) or MTV <60 cm ( p = 0.049). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with KPS score ≥70 ( p < 0.001; hazard ratio = 0.104; 95 % CI, 0.029-0.371) or MTV < 60 cm ( p = 0.031; hazard ratio = 0.288; 95 % CI, 0.093-0.895) were significantly associated with a longer OS. However, T/N ratio was not correlated with patients' outcome. Metabolic parameters had the diagnostic value to differentiate recurrence from post-treatment radiation effect. Compared with T/N ratio, MTV was an independent significant prognostic factor with KPS score in patients with recurrent tumor. Our study had a potential to manage these patients according to prognostic information using MET-PET. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We investigated whether PET indices measured by F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can predict prognosis in patients with operable primary breast cancer. Methods: We reviewed 53 patients with operable primary breast cancer who underwent pretreatment FDG PET/CT. PET indices, maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV), were measured in the primary breast tumor (P), metastatic lymph nodes (N) and total tumor (T). The Cox proportional hazards model was used with age, tumor size, clinical lymph node status, method of surgery, presence or absence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, histological type, histological grade, hormone receptors and HER2 status to predict disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Median follow-up period was 50 months (range, 17-73 months), during which 17 patients had recurrent disease and nine of whom died. The univariate analysis showed that high SUV of N (N, P = 0.011), MTV of N (N, P = 0.011) and MTV of T (T, P = 0.045) as well as high histological grade ( P = 0.008), negative estrogen ( P = 0.045) and negative progesterone ( P = 0.029) receptor status were associated with shorter DFS. High N ( P = 0.035), N ( P = 0.035) and T ( P = 0.035) as well as high histological grade ( P = 0.012) and negative estrogen receptor status ( P = 0.009) were associated with shorter OS. N, N and T were found to be significantly associated with high histological grade ( P = 0.005). However, those failed to be statistically significant prognostic factors on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: PET indices seem to be useful in the preoperative evaluation of prognosis in patients with operable primary breast cancer. N, N and T might be considerable factors associated with patient outcome in operable breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We investigated whether the whole-body metabolic tumour volume (WBMTV) measured by F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can improve the prediction of prognosis in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods: We reviewed 106 consecutive patients (mean age 67 years, range 42-89 years, limited stage 45 patients, extensive stage 61 patients) with pathologically proven SCLC who underwent pretreatment FDG PET/CT. WBMTV and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) were measured in all malignant lesions. The Cox proportional hazards model was used with age, sex, performance status, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), treatment, stage, SUV and WBMTV to predict overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Subgroup analysis was performed using WBMTV combined with conventional staging and tumour node metastasis (TNM) staging. Results: The uni- and multivariate analyses showed that both stage and WBMTV were independent prognostic factors for death and progression. Patients with high WBMTV were associated with poor prognosis compared with patients with low WBMTV [hazard ratio = 2.11 (95% confidence interval 1.31-3.39) for death ( p = 0.002) and 1.80 (95% confidence interval 1.16-2.80) for progression ( p = 0.009)]. Incorporation of conventional staging and WBMTV could classify four subgroups with different prognoses (log-rank test, p < 0.001). Incorporation of TNM staging and WBMTV could classify six subgroups with different prognoses (log-rank test, p < 0.001). Conclusion: WBMTV is an independent predictor for progression and death in patients with SCLC. Incorporation of WBMTV with TNM staging can provide a more detailed prediction of prognosis than WBMTV with conventional staging as well as tumour staging alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: 18F-fluoro-2-dexoy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computerised tomography (CT) has been used for staging and monitoring responses to treatment in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The sequential interim PET/CT was prospectively investigated to determine whether it provided additional prognostic information and could be a positive predictable value within patients with the same international prognostic index (IPI) after the use of rituximab in DLBCL. Methods: One hundred and sixty-one patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL were enroled; the assessment of the PET/CT was performed at the time of diagnosis and mid-treatment of rituxibmab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (R-CHOP). Results: Sixty-seven patients (41.6%) presented with advanced stage disease and 27 (16.8%) had bulky lesions. Forty-three patients (26.7%) continued to have positive metabolic uptakes with a significantly high relapse rate (62.8%) compared to the patients with a negative interim PET/CT (12.1%) (P <0.01). After a median follow-up of 30.8months, the positivity of interim PET/CT was found to be a prognostic factor for both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), with a hazard ratio of 4.07 (2.62–6.32) and 5.46 (3.49–8.52), respectively. In the low-risk IPI group, the 3-year OS and PFS rates were significantly different in the patients with positive (53.3% and 52.5%) and negative (93.8% and 88.3%) interim PET/CT, respectively (P <0.01). These significant prognostic differences of interim PET/CT responses were consistent with the results of the patients with high-risk IPI group (P <0.01). Conclusions: Interim PET/CT scanning had a significant predictive value for disease progression and survival of DLBCL in post-rituximab treatment; it might be the single most important determinant of clinical outcome in patients with the same IPI risk. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We investigated the concomitant interim response of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) using multi-detector row computerized tomography (CT) and (18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D: -glucose-positron emission tomography (PET)/CT for prediction of clinical outcomes. One hundred six newly diagnosed patients with aggressive NHL were enrolled. Both the CT and PET/CT were serially performed at the time of diagnosis and after three to four cycles of chemotherapy (interim). The patients were categorized into four different responsive groups according to the interim PET/CT and CT: (1) complete metabolic response (CMR)-complete response unconfirmed (CRu), (2) CMR-partial response (PR), (3) partial metabolic response (PMR)-Cru, and (4) PMR-PR. Fifty-five patients with CMR-CRu, 20 patients with CMR-PR, seven patients with PMR-Cru, and 23 patients with PMR-PR were distributed. In addition, one patient experienced a disease progression. There was a significant difference in relapse rates between PET/CT-positive (67.3%) and PET/CT-negative patients (17.3%; P < 0.01). Also, there was a significant difference between patients with PMR-PR (32.0% and 26.1%) and CMR-CRu (89.3% and 80.0%) for 3-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS), respectively. A multivariate analysis revealed that high international prognostic index (> or =3) at diagnosis, T-cell phenotype, and PMR-PR in interim PET/CT and CT were independent prognostic significances for OS. Moreover, bulky disease (>10 cm), T-cell phenotype, and PMR-PR showed significant associations for EFS. PMR-PR in interim response was the predictive prognostic determinant for both OS and EFS, with a hazard ratio of 3.93 (1.61-9.60) and 3.60 (1.62-7.98), respectively. The combined evaluation of interim PET/CT and CT was found to be a significant predictor of disease progression, OS, and EFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship and difference in prognostic significance between whole-body tumor burden, thoracic tumor burden, and extra-thoracic tumor burden on 18F-FDG PET/CT for patients with extensive-disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC). Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective, two-center analysis for patients with ED-SCLC who underwent pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT. Metabolic tumor burden was estimated using whole-body metabolic tumor volume (MTVWB), thoracic metabolic tumor volume (MTVTRX), extra-thoracic metabolic tumor volume (MTVEXT), and the number of extra-thoracic tumor foci. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed using various clinical factors and the metabolic indices. Results: A total of 91 patients were eligible for this study. MTVWB showed stronger correlation with MTVEXT than MTVTRX (r 2 =0.804 vs. 0.132, p <0.001, both), whereas no correlation was observed between MTVEXT and MTVTRX (r 2 =0.007, p =0.428). Patients with smaller MTVWB, MTVEXT, and extra-thoracic tumor foci showed longer survival than patients with larger MTVWB, MTVEXT, and extra-thoracic tumor foci, respectively, whereas the survival difference between patients with smaller MTVTRX and those with larger MTVTRX was not significant. Results of uni- and multivariate analyses showed that ECOG performance status (HR=2.31, p =0.015), initial chemotherapy cycles (HR=0.24, p <0.001), and the number of extra-thoracic tumor foci (HR=2.75, p <0.001) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival, and initial chemotherapy cycles (HR=0.25, p <0.001), and MTVEXT (HR=2.04, p =0.013) were independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival. Conclusion: These data provide evidence indicating that extra-thoracic tumor burden but not thoracic tumor burden is an independent prognostic biomarker for ED-SCLC, and support further exploration of novel treatment strategies targeting extra-thoracic tumor burden in order to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with ED-SCLC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]