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Dachshund family transcription factor 1 (DACH1) has been shown to exhibit a tumour‐suppressive role in a number of human cancers. However, the role of DACH1 in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) and its function in the tumour microenvironment (TME) are still not clear. Crosstalk between cancer cells and tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) mediates tumour progression in HPSCC. The expression of DACH1, CD86 and CD163 was detected in 71 matched HPSCC–non‐cancerous tissue pairs using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and IHC analysis. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were monitored by colony formation, Transwell and EdU incorporation assays. ChIP‐qPCR and dual‐luciferase reporter assays were applied to verify the targeting relationships between DACH1 and IGF‐1. Stably transfected HPSCC cells were co‐cultured with MΦ macrophages to assess macrophage polarization and secretory signals. DACH1 was decreased in HPSCC tissues and was indicative of a poor prognosis for HPSCC patients. Decreased DACH1 expression in HPSCC was associated with fewer CD86+ TAMs and more CD163+ TAMs. Knockdown of DACH1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of FaDu cells via Akt/NF‐κB/MMP2/9 signalling. Additionally, DACH1 was found to directly bind to the promoter region of IGF‐1 to downregulate the secretion of IGF‐1, which inhibited TAMs polarization through the IGF‐1R/JAK1/STAT3 axis. Furthermore, in nude mice, the effects of DACH1 inhibition on tumour progression and M2‐like TAMs polarization were confirmed. These findings suggest that IGF‐1 is a critical downstream effector of DACH1 that suppresses cell migration and invasion and inhibits TAMs polarization. DACH1 could be a therapeutic target and prognostic marker for HPSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various biological progresses of carcinogenesis. However, the function of lncRNAs in human sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) remains greatly unclear. In the current study, lncRNA AC091729.7 expression was examined in SNSCC samples by using microarray, RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell viability, colony-formation, wound-healing, and transwell assays were applied to SNSCC cells. Xenograft mouse models were employed to evaluate the role of AC091729.7 in growth of SNSCC in vivo. Human protein microarray (HuprotTM Protoarray) and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were used for identifying AC091729.7 binding proteins in SNSCC. Results showed AC091729.7 was upregulated and closely connected with the survival of the SNSCC patients. Knockdown of AC091729.7 suppressed SNSCC cell migration, proliferation, invasion in vitro. Furthermore, downregulation of AC091729.7 could inhibit the growth of SNSCC in vivo. Moreover, Human protein microarray and RIP suggested that AC091729.7 directly combine with the serine/arginine rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2). Our results suggest that in the cell progression of SNSCC, lncRNA AC091729.7 plays a carcinogenic role and serves as a novel biomarker and latent curative target in SNSCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to compare the prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and nSCCs of the larynx.Then we established a nomogram for nSCCs of the larynx.Methods: Prognosis between the 529 pairs nSCCs of the larynx patients and LSCC patients were compared after propensity score matching (PSM). 591 nSCCs of the larynx patients were divided into the modeling and validation groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses obtain independent prognostic factors, which were then included in the nomogram to predict the 3 and 5 year survival. Prognostic accuracy of the nomogram was evaluated using the consistency index (C-index) and the calibration curve.Results: Prognosis of nSCCs of the larynx was poorer than LSCC. Age, race, tumor location, tumor-node-metastasis stage, and method were independent prognostic factors of nSCCs of the larynx (P < 0.05). Internal and external validation proves the nomogram reliable CONCLUSION: The nomogram showed good prognostic accuracy and would assist clinicians in making more accurate evaluations for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: We summarized existing evidence about whether the aberrant E-cadherin expression is a prognostic factor for patients with HNSCC. Identifying relevant articles, filtrating studies and extracting data were independently conducted by two reviewers. The quality of eligible studies was assessed according to systematic score criteria. Associations between aberrant E-cadherin expression and overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) were summarized by hazard ratio (HR) estimates. Random or fixed effects models were used to investigate the effect of E-cadherin across the studies. According to the multivariate and univariate analyses, the meta-analysis of the included studies gave a statistically significant pooled HR for OS in HNSCC [the pooled HR=2.533; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.971–3.254]. In addition, the subgroup analyses showed that the pooled HR of each subgroup also exhibited statistical significance according to the subpopulations (Asian and other subpopulations), treatments (surgery and other treatments), locations of primary tumors (oral cavity and other subsites), and data sources of HR (reported and estimated HR). Similar to the results of OS, the analysis of four included trials showed that the aberrant E-cadherin expression could predict low DFS. Meanwhile, a cumulative meta-analysis showed that the pooled HR became statistically significant. However, a meta-regression analysis showed that the OS was not statistically significant with the cutoff values of the included studies. Our study gives an important piece of evidence that aberrant E-cadherin expression was associated with a poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]