Search

Background. Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common lung cancer subtype and accounts for the highest proportion of cancer-related deaths. The tumor microenvironment influences prognostic outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Materials and Methods. We used the ESTIMATE algorithm (Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumor tissues using Expression data) to investigate the role of microenvironment-related genes and stromal cells in lung adenocarcinoma prognosis. This analysis was done on lung adenocarcinoma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The cases were divided into high and low groups on the basis of immune and stromal scores, respectively. Results. There were close correlations between immune scores with prognosis and disease stage. There were 367 differentially expressed genes. Combining the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we found 14 prognosis-related genes. Results. Based on the enrichment levels of the immune cell types, we clustered LUAD into Immunity_H and Immunity_L subtypes. Most of these genes were upregulated in Immunity_H subtype. Finally, using the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) databases, most of the proteins corresponding to prognostic genes were verified to be differentially expressed between the tumor and normal groups. Conclusions. The key genes identified in this study are involved in molecular mechanisms of LUAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In bladder cancer, up to 70% of patients will relapse after resection within 5 years, in which the mechanism underlying the recurrence remains largely unclear. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were conducted. The assays of tumor sphere formation and tumor xenograft were further performed to assess the potential biological roles of ATF5 (activating transcription factor 5). Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and luciferase activity assays were carried out to explore the potential molecular mechanism. A two-tailed paired Student's t-test, χ2 test, Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analyses, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used for statistical analyses. Results: ATF5 is elevated in bladder urothelial cancer (BLCA) tissues, especially in recurrent BLCA, which confers a poor prognosis. Overexpressing ATF5 significantly enhanced, whereas silencing ATF5 inhibited, the capability of tumor sphere formation in bladder cancer cells. Mechanically, ATF5 could directly bind to and stimulate the promoter of DVL1 gene, resulting in activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions: This study provides a novel insight into a portion of the mechanism underlying high recurrence potential of BLCA, presenting ATF5 as a prognostic factor or potential therapeutic target for preventing recurrence in BLCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Serum exosomal LncRNA LINC00989 was significantly up-regulated in metastatic patients of TNBC. • LINC00989, clinic marker CEA and CA125, were selected to construct a prognostic signature. • Higher levels of this signature were significantly related with shorter overall and progression-free survival time. • The signature was independent prognosis factor in TNBC patients. Breast cancer is the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality among women, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have recently been studied to predict the prognosis of various cancers, but whether it is an effective marker in TNBC is inconclusive. We used RNA-sequencing analysis to identify differentially expressed exosomal LncRNAs, and qRT-PCR assay was performed to verify dysregulated LncRNAs in multicenter validation cohorts. A signature, which was composed of LINC00989, CEA, and CA153, was then utilized to predict the progression and recurrence of TNBC. Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to evaluate the prognostic values of the signature. On the basis of RNA-sequencing analysis, we found that serum exosomal LncRNA LINC00989 was significantly up-regulated in metastatic patients of TNBC. Then LINC00989, together with clinic marker CEA and CA125, were selected to construct a prognostic signature. In both training and validation cohort, higher levels of this signature were significantly related with shorter overall and progression-free survival time. Univariate and multivariate analysis shown that the signature was the independent prognosis factor of TNBC patients. Our results suggested that this prognostic signature might potentially predict prognosis and recurrence of TNBC, and was worth validation in future clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]