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1. Protective effect of LRRK2 p.R1398H on risk of Parkinson's disease is independent of MAPT and SNCA variants.

Author

Heckman MG, Elbaz A, Soto-Ortolaza AI, Serie DJ, Aasly JO, Annesi G, Auburger G, Bacon JA, Boczarska-Jedynak M, Bozi M, Brighina L, Chartier-Harlin MC, Dardiotis E, Destée A, Ferrarese C, Ferraris A, Fiske B, Gispert S, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Hattori N, Ioannidis JP, Jasinska-Myga B, Jeon BS, Kim YJ, Klein C, Kruger R, Kyratzi E, Lin CH, Lohmann K, Loriot MA, Lynch T, Mellick GD, Mutez E, Opala G, Park SS, Petrucci S, Quattrone A, Sharma M, Silburn PA, Sohn YH, Stefanis L, Tadic V, Tomiyama H, Uitti RJ, Valente EM, Vassilatis DK, Vilariño-Güell C, White LR, Wirdefeldt K, Wszolek ZK, Wu RM, Xiromerisiou G, Maraganore DM, Farrer MJ, and Ross OA

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Asian People genetics, Female, Genotype, Haplotypes genetics, Humans, Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2, Male, Middle Aged, Risk, White People genetics, Young Adult, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genetic Variation, Parkinson Disease genetics, Parkinson Disease prevention & control, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics, alpha-Synuclein genetics, tau Proteins genetics
Abstract

The best validated susceptibility variants for Parkinson's disease are located in the α-synuclein (SNCA) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) genes. Recently, a protective p.N551K-R1398H-K1423K haplotype in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene was identified, with p.R1398H appearing to be the most likely functional variant. To date, the consistency of the protective effect of LRRK2 p.R1398H across MAPT and SNCA variant genotypes has not been assessed. To address this, we examined 4 SNCA variants (rs181489, rs356219, rs11931074, and rs2583988), the MAPT H1-haplotype-defining variant rs1052553, and LRRK2 p.R1398H (rs7133914) in Caucasian (n = 10,322) and Asian (n = 2289) series. There was no evidence of an interaction of LRRK2 p.R1398H with MAPT or SNCA variants (all p ≥ 0.10); the protective effect of p.R1398H was observed at similar magnitude across MAPT and SNCA genotypes, and the risk effects of MAPT and SNCA variants were observed consistently for LRRK2 p.R1398H genotypes. Our results indicate that the association of LRRK2 p.R1398H with Parkinson's disease is independent of SNCA and MAPT variants, and vice versa, in Caucasian and Asian populations., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
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2. Population-specific frequencies for LRRK2 susceptibility variants in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) Consortium.

Author

Heckman MG, Soto-Ortolaza AI, Aasly JO, Abahuni N, Annesi G, Bacon JA, Bardien S, Bozi M, Brice A, Brighina L, Carr J, Chartier-Harlin MC, Dardiotis E, Dickson DW, Diehl NN, Elbaz A, Ferrarese C, Fiske B, Gibson JM, Gibson R, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Hattori N, Ioannidis JP, Boczarska-Jedynak M, Jasinska-Myga B, Jeon BS, Kim YJ, Klein C, Kruger R, Kyratzi E, Lesage S, Lin CH, Lynch T, Maraganore DM, Mellick GD, Mutez E, Nilsson C, Opala G, Park SS, Petrucci S, Puschmann A, Quattrone A, Sharma M, Silburn PA, Sohn YH, Stefanis L, Tadic V, Theuns J, Tomiyama H, Uitti RJ, Valente EM, Van Broeckhoven C, van de Loo S, Vassilatis DK, Vilariño-Güell C, White LR, Wirdefeldt K, Wszolek ZK, Wu RM, Hentati F, Farrer MJ, and Ross OA

Subjects
Genetic Association Studies, Genetics, Population, Genotype, Haplotypes, Humans, Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2, Molecular Epidemiology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Gene Frequency, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Parkinson Disease epidemiology, Parkinson Disease genetics, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics
Abstract

Background: Variants within the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene are recognized as the most frequent genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 variation related to disease susceptibility displays many features that reflect the nature of complex, late-onset sporadic disorders like Parkinson's disease., Methods: The Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium recently performed the largest genetic association study for variants in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene across 23 different sites in 15 countries., Results: Herein, we detail the allele frequencies for the novel risk factors (p.A419V and p.M1646T) and the protective haplotype (p.N551K-R1398H-K1423K) nominated in the original publication. Simple population allele frequencies not only can provide insight into the clinical relevance of specific variants but also can help genetically define patient groups., Conclusions: Establishing individual patient-based genomic susceptibility profiles that incorporate both risk factors and protective factors will determine future diagnostic and treatment strategies., (© 2013 Movement Disorder Society.)

Published
2013
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3. Association of LRRK2 exonic variants with susceptibility to Parkinson's disease: a case-control study.

Author

Ross OA, Soto-Ortolaza AI, Heckman MG, Aasly JO, Abahuni N, Annesi G, Bacon JA, Bardien S, Bozi M, Brice A, Brighina L, Van Broeckhoven C, Carr J, Chartier-Harlin MC, Dardiotis E, Dickson DW, Diehl NN, Elbaz A, Ferrarese C, Ferraris A, Fiske B, Gibson JM, Gibson R, Hadjigeorgiou GM, Hattori N, Ioannidis JP, Jasinska-Myga B, Jeon BS, Kim YJ, Klein C, Kruger R, Kyratzi E, Lesage S, Lin CH, Lynch T, Maraganore DM, Mellick GD, Mutez E, Nilsson C, Opala G, Park SS, Puschmann A, Quattrone A, Sharma M, Silburn PA, Sohn YH, Stefanis L, Tadic V, Theuns J, Tomiyama H, Uitti RJ, Valente EM, van de Loo S, Vassilatis DK, Vilariño-Güell C, White LR, Wirdefeldt K, Wszolek ZK, Wu RM, and Farrer MJ

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Ethnicity genetics, Female, Gene Frequency, Genome-Wide Association Study methods, Genotype, Humans, International Cooperation, Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Exons genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Parkinson Disease genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases genetics
Abstract

Background: Background The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) harbours highly penetrant mutations that are linked to familial parkinsonism. However, the extent of its polymorphic variability in relation to risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been assessed systematically. We therefore assessed the frequency of LRRK2 exonic variants in individuals with and without PD, to investigate the role of the variants in PD susceptibility., Methods: LRRK2 was genotyped in patients with PD and controls from three series (white, Asian, and Arab-Berber) from sites participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium. Genotyping was done for exonic variants of LRRK2 that were identified through searches of literature and the personal communications of consortium members. Associations with PD were assessed by use of logistic regression models. For variants that had a minor allele frequency of 0·5% or greater, single variant associations were assessed, whereas for rarer variants information was collapsed across variants., Findings: 121 exonic LRRK2 variants were assessed in 15 540 individuals: 6995 white patients with PD and 5595 controls, 1376 Asian patients and 962 controls, and 240 Arab-Berber patients and 372 controls. After exclusion of carriers of known pathogenic mutations, new independent risk associations were identified for polymorphic variants in white individuals (M1646T, odds ratio 1·43, 95% CI 1·15-1·78; p=0·0012) and Asian individuals (A419V, 2·27, 1·35-3·83; p=0·0011). A protective haplotype (N551K-R1398H-K1423K) was noted at a frequency greater than 5% in the white and Asian series, with a similar finding in the Arab-Berber series (combined odds ratio 0·82, 0·72-0·94; p=0·0043). Of the two previously reported Asian risk variants, G2385R was associated with disease (1·73, 1·20-2·49; p=0·0026), but no association was noted for R1628P (0·62, 0·36-1·07; p=0·087). In the Arab-Berber series, Y2189C showed potential evidence of risk association with PD (4·48, 1·33-15·09; p=0·012)., Interpretation: The results for LRRK2 show that several rare and common genetic variants in the same gene can have independent effects on disease risk. LRRK2, and the pathway in which it functions, is important in the cause and pathogenesis of PD in a greater proportion of patients with this disease than previously believed. These results will help discriminate those patients who will benefit most from therapies targeted at LRRK2 pathogenic activity., Funding: Michael J Fox Foundation and National Institutes of Health., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2011
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4. Population-specific frequencies for LRRK2 susceptibility variants in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) Consortium

Author

Heckman, M. G., Soto Ortolaza, A. I., Aasly, J. O., Abahuni, N., Annesi, G., Bacon, J. A., Bardien, S., Bozi, M., Brice, A., Brighina, L., Carr, J., Chartier Harlin, M., Dardiotis, E., Dickson, D. W., Diehl, N. N., Elbaz, A., Ferrarese, C., Fiske, B., Gibson, J. M., Gibson, R., Hadjigeorgiou, G. M., Hattori, N., J. P. A., Boczarska Jedynak, M., Jasinska Myga, B., Jeon, B. S., Kim, Y. J., Klein, C., Kruger, R., Kyratzi, E., Lesage, S., Lin, C., Lynch, T., Maraganore, D. M., Mellick, G. D., Mutez, E., Nilsson, C., Opala, G., Park, S. S., Petrucci, S., Puschmann, A., Quattrone, A., Sharma, M., Silburn, P. A., Sohn, Y. H., Stefanis, L., Tadic, V., Theuns, J., Tomiyama, H., Uitti, R. J., Valente, Enza Maria, Broeckhoven, C. V., S. v., De, Vassilatis, D. K., Vilariño Güell, C., White, L. R., Wirdefeldt, K., Wszolek, Z. K., Wu, R., Hentati, F., Farrer, M. J., Ross, O. A., G. E., Of, Heckman, M, Soto Ortolaza, A, Aasly, J, Abahuni, N, Annesi, G, Bacon, J, Bardien, S, Bozi, M, Brice, A, Brighina, L, Carr, J, Chartier Harlin, M, Dardiotis, E, Dickson, D, Diehl, N, Elbaz, A, Ferrarese, C, Fiske, B, Gibson, J, Gibson, R, Hadjigeorgiou, G, Hattori, N, Ioannidis, J, Boczarska Jedynak, M, Jasinska Myga, B, Jeon, B, Kim, Y, Klein, C, Kruger, R, Kyratzi, E, Lesage, S, Lin, C, Lynch, T, Maraganore, D, Mellick, G, Mutez, E, Nilsson, C, Opala, G, Park, S, Petrucci, S, Puschmann, A, Quattrone, A, Sharma, M, Silburn, P, Sohn, Y, Stefanis, L, Tadic, V, Theuns, J, Tomiyama, H, Uitti, R, Valente, E, Van Broeckhoven, C, van de Loo, S, Vassilatis, D, Vilariño Güell, C, White, L, Wirdefeldt, K, Wszolek, Z, Wu, R, Hentati, F, Farrer, M, and Ross, O

Subjects
Molecular Epidemiology, Genotype, Parkinson's disease, LRRK2, Parkinson Disease, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, association study, Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, genetics [Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases], Article, Genetics, Population, Gene Frequency, Haplotypes, genetics [Parkinson Disease], Humans, genetics, lrrk2, parkinson's disease, genetic association studies, population, genotype, haplotypes, hHumans, leucine-rich repeat serine-threonine protein kinase-2, molecular epidemiology, parkinson disease, polymorphism, single nucleotide, protein-serine-threonine kinases, gene frequency, genetic predisposition to disease, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, epidemiology [Parkinson Disease], LRRK2 protein, human, genetic, Genetic Association Studies
Abstract

Variants within the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene are recognized as the most frequent genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 variation related to disease susceptibility displays many features that reflect the nature of complex, late-onset sporadic disorders like Parkinson's disease.The Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium recently performed the largest genetic association study for variants in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene across 23 different sites in 15 countries.Herein, we detail the allele frequencies for the novel risk factors (p.A419V and p.M1646T) and the protective haplotype (p.N551K-R1398H-K1423K) nominated in the original publication. Simple population allele frequencies not only can provide insight into the clinical relevance of specific variants but also can help genetically define patient groups.Establishing individual patient-based genomic susceptibility profiles that incorporate both risk factors and protective factors will determine future diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Published
2013

5. Protective effect of LRRK2 p.R1398H on risk of Parkinson's disease is independent of MAPT and SNCA variants

Author

Heckman, Michael G, Elbaz, Alexis, Brighina, Laura, Pastor, Pao, Payami, Haydeh, Pchelina, Sofya N, Petersen, Maria Skaalum, Puschmann, Andrea, Ritz, Beate, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Sazci, Ali, Slawek, Jaroslaw, Stefanis, Leonidas, Chartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine, Tan, Eng-King, Toda, Tatsushi, Toft, Mathias, Van Broeckhoven, Christine, Wirdefeldt, Karin, Woitalla, Dirk, Wszolek, Zbigniew K, Zimprich, Alexander, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Destée, Alain, Ferrarese, Carlo, Ferraris, Alessandro, Fiske, Brian, Gispert, Suzana, Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M, Hattori, Nobutaka, Soto-Ortolaza, Alexandra I, Ioannidis, John P A, Jasinska-Myga, Barbara, Jeon, Beom S, Kim, Yun Joong, Klein, Christine, Kruger, Rejko, Kyratzi, Elli, Lin, Chin-Hsien, Lohmann, Katja, Loriot, Marie-Anne, Serie, Daniel J, Lynch, Timothy, Mellick, George D, Mutez, Eugénie, Opala, Grzegorz, Park, Sung Sup, Petrucci, Simona, Quattrone, Aldo, Sharma, Manu, Silburn, Peter A, Sohn, Young Ho, Aasly, Jan O, Tadic, Vera, Tomiyama, Hiroyuki, Uitti, Ryan J, Valente, Enza Maria, Vassilatis, Demetrios K, Vilariño-Güell, Carles, White, Linda R, Annesi, Grazia, Wu, Ruey-Meei, Xiromerisiou, Georgia, Maraganore, Demetrius M, Farrer, Matthew J, Ross, Owen A, Disease, Genetic Epidemiology Of Parkinson's, Auburger, Georg, Ioannidis, John P, Annesi, Grazie, Bentivoglio, Annarita, Bozi, Maria, Brice, Alexis, Carmine-Belin, Andrea, Carr, Jonathan, Bacon, Justin A, Carroll, Camille, Chase, Bruce, Checkoway, Harvey, Chen, Sheng-Di, Chung, Sun Ju, Cosentino, Carlos, Cresswell, Silke, Deutschlaender, Angela, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Foroud, Tatiana, Garraux, Gaëtan, Goldwurm, Stefano, Hadjigeorgiou, George, Jeon, Beom Seok, Kawakami, Hideshi, Kishore, Asha, Krainc, Dimitri, Krygowska-Wajs, Anna, Lay-Son, Luis, Lin, Jeui-Jueng, Mellick, George, Morrison, Karen E, Munhoz, Renato P, Okubadejo, Njide U, Van Broeckhoven, Christine, Heckman, M, Elbaz, A, Soto Ortolaza, A, Serie, D, Aasly, J, Annesi, G, Auburger, G, Bacon, J, Boczarska Jedynak, M, Bozi, M, Brighina, L, Chartier Harlin, M, Dardiotis, E, Destée, A, Ferrarese, C, Ferraris, A, Fiske, B, Gispert, S, Hadjigeorgiou, G, Hattori, N, Ioannidis, J, Jasinska Myga, B, Jeon, B, Kim, Y, Klein, C, Kruger, R, Kyratzi, E, Lin, C, Lohmann, K, Loriot, M, Lynch, T, Mellick, G, Mutez, E, Opala, G, Park, S, Petrucci, S, Quattrone, A, Sharma, M, Silburn, P, Sohn, Y, Stefanis, L, Tadic, V, Tomiyama, H, Uitti, R, Valente, E, Vassilatis, D, Vilariño Güell, C, White, L, Wirdefeldt, K, Wszolek, Z, Wu, R, Xiromerisiou, G, Maraganore, D, Farrer, M, and Ross, O

Subjects
Male, Aging, Parkinson's disease, european continental ancestry group, chemistry.chemical_compound, genetics [Parkinson Disease], Genotype, 80 and over, MAPT, genetics, genetics [Genetic Predisposition to Disease], Genetics, Aged, 80 and over, biology, General Neuroscience, LRRK2, Parkinson Disease, Middle Aged, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, genetics [European Continental Ancestry Group], genetics [alpha-Synuclein], alpha-Synuclein, Medical genetics, Female, interaction, lrrk2, mapt, parkinson's disease, snca, adolescent, adult, aged, aged, 80 and over, asian continental ancestry group, female, genetic predisposition to disease, genotype, haplotypes, humans, leucine-rich repeat serine-threonine protein kinase-2, male, middle aged, parkinson disease, protein-serine-threonine kinases, risk, young adult, alpha-synuclein, tau proteins, genetic variation, Adult, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Interaction, Adolescent, Tau protein, MAPT protein, human, tau Proteins, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2, genetics [Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases], White People, Article, Young Adult, Genetic, Asian People, Genetic variation, genetics [Haplotypes], medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, LRRK2 protein, human, SNCA protein, human, Biology, Aged, Alpha-synuclein, genetics [Asian Continental Ancestry Group], Haplotype, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, genetics [tau Proteins], Haplotypes, chemistry, biology.protein, prevention & control [Parkinson Disease], SNCA, Neurology (clinical), Human medicine, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Developmental Biology
Abstract

The best validated susceptibility variants for Parkinson's disease are located in the α-synuclein (SNCA) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) genes. Recently, a protective p.N551K-R1398H-K1423K haplotype in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene was identified, with p.R1398H appearing to be the most likely functional variant. To date, the consistency of the protective effect of LRRK2 p.R1398H across MAPT and SNCA variant genotypes has not been assessed. To address this, we examined 4 SNCA variants (rs181489, rs356219, rs11931074, and rs2583988), the MAPT H1-haplotypedefining variant rs1052553, and LRRK2 p.R1398H (rs7133914) in Caucasian (n = 10,322) and Asian (n = 2289) series. There was no evidence of an interaction of LRRK2 p.R1398H with MAPT or SNCA variants (all p ≥ 0.10); the protective effect of p.R1398H was observed at similar magnitude across MAPT and SNCA genotypes, and the risk effects of MAPT and SNCA variants were observed consistently for LRRK2 p.R1398H genotypes. Our results indicate that the association of LRRK2 p.R1398H with Parkinson's disease is independent of SNCA and MAPT variants, and vice versa, in Caucasian and Asian populations.

Published
2014

6. Association of LRRK2 exonic variants with susceptibility to Parkinson's disease: a case-control study

Author

Ross, Owen A, Soto-Ortolaza, Alexandra I, Brighina, Laura, Riess, Olaf, Klein, Christine, Djarmati, Ana, Hagenah, Johann, Lohmann, Katja, van de Loo, Simone, Abahuni, Nadine, Gispert-Sánchez, Suzana, Hilker, Rüdiger, Auburger, Georg, Van Broeckhoven, Christine, Xiromerisiou, Georgia, Tsimourtou, Vaia, Ralli, Styliani, Kountra, Persa, Markou, Katerina, Patramani, Gianna, Vogiatzi, Christina, Lynch, Tim, Gibson, J Mark, Craig, Dr David, Carr, Jonathan, Valente, Enza Maria, Ferraris, Alessandro, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Ialongo, Tamara, Guidubaldi, Arianna, Piano, Carla, Ferrarese, Carlo, Tarantino, Patrizia, Annesi, Ferdinanda, Chartier-Harlin, Marie-Christine, Annesi, Grazia, Quattrone, Aldo, Hattori, Nobutaka, Tomiyama, Hiroyuki, Funayama, Manabu, Yoshino, Hiroyo, Li, Yuanzhe, Imamichi, Yoko, Toda, Tatsushi, Satake, Wataru, Dardiotis, Efthimios, Aasly, J., Opala, Grzegorz, Jasinska-Myga, Barbara, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Tan, Eng King, Bardien, Soraya, Jeon, Beom Seok, Park, Sung Sup, Kim, Yun Joong, Dickson, Dennis W, Sohn, Young Ho, Belin, Andrea Carmine, Olson, Lars, Galter, Dagmar, Westerlund, Marie, Sydow, Olof, Pedersen, Nancy L, Wirdefeldt, Karin, Nilsson, Christer, Puschmann, Andreas, Diehl, Nancy N, Wu, Ruey-Meei, Maraganore, Demetrius M, Ahlskog, Eric, de Andrade, Mariza, Lesnick, Timothy G, Rocca, Walter A, Checkoway, Harvey, Farrer, M., Elbaz, Alexis, Heckman, Michael G, Fiske, Brian, Gibson, Rachel, Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M, Ioannidis, John P A, Jeon, Beom S, Aasly, Jan O, Kruger, Rejko, Kyratzi, Elli, Lesage, Suzanne, Lin, Chin-Hsien, Lynch, Timothy, Mellick, George D, Mutez, Eugénie, Sharma, Manu, Silburn, Peter A, Stefanis, Leonidas, Tadic, Vera, Theuns, Jessie, Uitti, Ryan J, Vassilatis, Demetrios K, Vilariño-Güell, Carles, White, Linda R, Wszolek, Zbigniew K, Farrer, Matthew J, Bacon, Justin A, Disease, Genetic Epidemiology Of Parkinson's, Sutherland, G. T., Siebert, G. A., Nuytemans, Karen, Meeus, Bram, Crosiers, David, Pickut, Barbara, Engelborghs, Sebastiaan, De Deyn, Peter P, Cras, Patrick, Rogaeve, Ekaterina, Destée, A., Agid, Y., Anheim, M., Bonnet, A-M, Borg, M., Bozi, Maria, Brice, A., Broussolle, E., Corvol, J. C., Damier, P., Dürr, A., Durif, F., Lesage, S., Lohmann, E., Pollak, P., Brice, Alexis, Rascol, O., Tison, F., Tranchant, C., Viallet, F., Vidailhet, M., Gasser, Thomas, Krüger, Rejko, Berg, Daniela, Schulte, Claudia, Ross, O, Soto Ortolaza, A, Heckman, M, Aasly, J, Abahuni, N, Annesi, G, Bacon, J, Bardien, S, Bozi, M, Brice, A, Brighina, L, Van Broeckhoven, C, Carr, J, Chartier Harlin, M, Dardiotis, E, Dickson, D, Diehl, N, Elbaz, A, Ferrarese, C, Ferraris, A, Fiske, B, Gibson, J, Gibson, R, Hadjigeorgiou, G, Hattori, N, Ioannidis, J, Jasinska Myga, B, Jeon, B, Kim, Y, Klein, C, Kruger, R, Kyratzi, E, Lesage, S, Lin, C, Lynch, T, Maraganore, D, Mellick, G, Mutez, E, Nilsson, C, Opala, G, Park, S, Puschmann, A, Quattrone, A, Sharma, M, Silburn, P, Sohn, Y, Stefanis, L, Tadic, V, Theuns, J, Tomiyama, H, Uitti, R, Valente, E, van de Loo, S, Vassilatis, D, Vilariño Güell, C, White, L, Wirdefeldt, K, Wszolek, Z, Wu, R, Farrer, M, Engelborghs, Sebastiaan, De Deyn, Peter Paul, Cras, Patrick, Genetic Epidemiology Of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) Consortium, Pathologic Biochemistry and Physiology, and Pollak, Pierre

Subjects
Male, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics, International Cooperation, Ethnic Groups/genetics, Ethnic Group, Genome-wide association study, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinase, methods [Genome-Wide Association Study], genetics [Ethnic Groups], 0302 clinical medicine, Gene Frequency, genetics [Parkinson Disease], Risk Factors, Exons/genetics, Ethnicity, Parkinson Disease/genetics, Medicine(all), Genetics, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, Parkinson Disease, Exons, genetics [Exons], Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases, LRRK2, 3. Good health, genetics [Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide], Genome-Wide Association Study/methods, Female, Case-Control Studie, Human, Adult, Parkinson Disease/*genetics, Genotype, Adolescent, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics, Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics, Exon, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Biology, Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2, genetics [Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases], Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, ddc:610, LRRK2 protein, human, Risk factor, Allele frequency, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Risk Factor, Case-control study, Exons/*genetics, Odds ratio, nervous system diseases, ddc:616.8, Minor allele frequency, Genetic epidemiology, Case-Control Studies, Neurology (clinical), Human medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Background The leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) harbours highly penetrant mutations that are linked to familial parkinsonism. However, the extent of its polymorphic variability in relation to risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been assessed systematically. We therefore assessed the frequency of LRRK2 exonic variants in individuals with and without PD, to investigate the role of the variants in PD susceptibility. METHODS: LRRK2 was genotyped in patients with PD and controls from three series (white, Asian, and Arab-Berber) from sites participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium. Genotyping was done for exonic variants of LRRK2 that were identified through searches of literature and the personal communications of consortium members. Associations with PD were assessed by use of logistic regression models. For variants that had a minor allele frequency of 0.5% or greater, single variant associations were assessed, whereas for rarer variants information was collapsed across variants. FINDINGS: 121 exonic LRRK2 variants were assessed in 15 540 individuals: 6995 white patients with PD and 5595 controls, 1376 Asian patients and 962 controls, and 240 Arab-Berber patients and 372 controls. After exclusion of carriers of known pathogenic mutations, new independent risk associations were identified for polymorphic variants in white individuals (M1646T, odds ratio 1.43, 95% CI 1.15-1.78; p=0.0012) and Asian individuals (A419V, 2.27, 1.35-3.83; p=0.0011). A protective haplotype (N551K-R1398H-K1423K) was noted at a frequency greater than 5% in the white and Asian series, with a similar finding in the Arab-Berber series (combined odds ratio 0.82, 0.72-0.94; p=0.0043). Of the two previously reported Asian risk variants, G2385R was associated with disease (1.73, 1.20-2.49; p=0.0026), but no association was noted for R1628P (0.62, 0.36-1.07; p=0.087). In the Arab-Berber series, Y2189C showed potential evidence of risk association with PD (4.48, 1.33-15.09; p=0.012). INTERPRETATION: The results for LRRK2 show that several rare and common genetic variants in the same gene can have independent effects on disease risk. LRRK2, and the pathway in which it functions, is important in the cause and pathogenesis of PD in a greater proportion of patients with this disease than previously believed. These results will help discriminate those patients who will benefit most from therapies targeted at LRRK2 pathogenic activity. FUNDING: Michael J Fox Foundation and National Institutes of Health. Lancet Neurol

Published
2011

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