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The optimization of energy consumption in transport applications, especially dual-energy vehicles (hybrid electric System), was selected as an interesting problem for future transportation applications due to its high efficiency, reduced emissions and the required consumption optimization. To solve this embedding problem, a Hybrid Electrical System (HES) powered by a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was proposed. The hybrid electric system has some main drawbacks derived from the PEMFC due to its inability to meet the energy demand. Battery (BT) and Ultracapacitor (UC) devices are added in this aspect, wherein each power source comprises a DC/DC converter. These devices are used as a potential energy storage that deals to minimize the transitional response associated with the PEMFC. So, the HES is evaluated and demonstrated through an accurate Multi-Input Single-Output (MISO) state space model. To optimize the energy demand, Road-Speed-profiles was chosen. The selecting profiles are systematically compared in terms of hydrogen fuel consumption and tank state of charge prediction. To maintain the required energy through an effective cooperation between the PEMFC, BT and UC, a predictive real-time Energy Management Unit (EMU) is developed. The obtained results reflect the system performance and the proposed EMU effectiveness using Matlab/Simulink environment.

Hybrid Electrical System (HES), combined various promising devices like a Fuel Cell, a battery and a supercapacitor, is an attractive issue. This system was qualified by its high efficiency for electrical vehicle applications. For that, this article aims to analyze and to evaluate the system performance. A Multi-Input-Multi-Output state space model for PEMFC, Supercapacitor and battery have been established and detailed. To control the load demand and to investigate sources of supply, a precise power management unit (PMU) was discussed and evaluated for the hydrogen fuel consumption and the Battery / Super-capacitor state fluctuations. The simulation results can greatly confirm the system performance using Matlab/Simulink environment.

PEMFC powered Hybrid vehicle system is one of an interesting issue for the industry due to its high performances. The PEMFC cannot certainly ensure a sustained required energy in some scenarios. To solve this problem related to PEMFC transient response, a Hybrid Electrical Storage System (HES) is a potential candidate for a solution. The proposed Hybrid Storage system is comprised of the battery (BT) and a Super-Capacitor (SC) components. These components are included to control the hydrogen variations and the fast peak powers scenarios respectively. The SC is used to control PEMFC and the BT slow dynamics at the same times. An accurate Multi-Ways Energy Management System (MW-EMS) is proposed which aims to cooperate with the system components through SC/BT state of charge and a flux calculation. The simulation results are discussed and assessed using MATLAB/ Simulink.

The aim of this paper is firstly to describe the design than to introduce a new approach of dynamic modeling and simulation results of a Fuel cell/Ultra capacitor (FC/ULC) hybrid power system. The developed model is represented in the state space, so it can be used to implement a suitable control strategy. The given design shows that the transient behavior, effect of the Fuel Cell, is eliminated by the use of the Ultra capacitor through the Flyback converter (FIBC). Thus, the output voltage from the source is maintained with a certain range and meets power demand of the load at high efficiency.