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In Brazil, the presence of psychology in prisons was established by the Criminal Sentence Execution Act, in 1984, and it was intensified in the past three decades. In the paper, the results of a study are discussed to understand the activity of psychologists in the prisons in Minas Gerais, based on clinical approaches to the work. We performed a qualitative research, with content analysis of documents, observations in five prisons, and interviews with 14 psychologists who work at these prisons. We verified that the role of psychology in prisons has been controversial, with different institutional intersections resulting from the security and punishment logic, which seems to frequently oppose professional ethical principles. The institutional demand for classifying prisoners overlaps with the monitoring of rehabilitation programs, set forth by law. This scenario, worsened by the lack of professionals, results in obstructions in the activity, the distress of the worker, trivialization of the violation of rights, and uncritical adhesion to the repressive mechanism of the institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this research was to statistically test significant correlations between dark personality traits and employee's use of sources of guidance when dealing with different events at work, comparing the United States and Brazil. Methodology: 220 employees from a Brazilian university and 166 employees from an American university filled out a paper-and-pencil questionnaire comprised of two previously-validated scales. Based on the theoretical review about the constructs, 10 hypotheses were raised to be empirically tested through Pearson correlation (r) tests. Findings: The dark personality trait Machiavellianism was positively correlated with the use of Informal Rules and negatively correlated with the use of Formal Rules and Procedures as a guidance source at work in the American sample. In addition, the dark personality trait Psychopathy was negatively correlated with the use of Formal Rules and Procedures as a guidance source at work in the Brazilian sample. Practical implications: The findings have implications for administrators and human resource professionals, who can benefit from knowledge about correlations between dark personality traits and employee's attitude of relying on sources of guidance at work, especially when it comes to recruiting and selecting processes. Limitations: Although the research was restricted to correlations, it elaborated a robust ground for causality investigations. Originality: The investigation involved two countries with a cross-cultural approach. In an international and multicultural scenario, it becomes strategic to deeper investigate specificities of work-related constructs in different nations, aiming at effective and contextualized management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes actions taken by a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS, type II) in 2015, in a municipality of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive-exploratory study based on secondary data source accessed by means of Tab for Windows (TabWin), which led to the conclusion that the CAPS is fully able to develop intersectoral, multidisciplinary actions that aim to promote mental health, prevent aggravation and support people to tackle crisis situations. We also highlight how essential studies are that provide discussions on how to increase the participation of users in the mental health sector and to promote participatory spaces in society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes actions taken by a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS, type II) in 2015, in a municipality of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We conducted a retrospective, descriptive-exploratory study based on secondary data source accessed by means of Tab for Windows (TabWin), which led to the conclusion that the CAPS is fully able to develop intersectoral, multidisciplinary actions that aim to promote mental health, prevent aggravation and support people to tackle crisis situations. We also highlight how essential studies are that provide discussions on how to increase the participation of users in the mental health sector and to promote participatory spaces in society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological assessment in the context of transit has been evident in Psychology in recent years amid the changes in legislation and questions about its validity. So can develop and achieve their goals it is necessary to understand trends and gaps concerning what has been researched in recent years. The present study compared published articles in the database Pepsic and Scielo and papers presented in the four editions of the Brazilian Conference of Psychological Assessment. From the keywords driver, psychological assessment, transit and drives, there were selected 22 articles and 38 papers at the congress, dated between 2000 and 2009. The results showed in general, an increased interest in the area. A larger number of papers at the congress was found, in order to verify that the most of research results do not reach effectively for publication. Among the studies reviewed, there is prevalence of empirical studies focused mainly on the investigation of personality and attention, using a large variety of instruments (n = 24), most are not specific to the context of traffic, and apply in their majority in driver's candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regulation of Graduate Programs in Brazil is less than five decades old. Along this period, the system has been successful concerning its results, even though some of its essential features remain unfinished. In the field of Psychology, the system comprises 64 Programs and 42 of them offer Doctoral degrees. In order to efficiently cope the demands of the Brazilian Graduate System, the Psychology area will need to face challenges, some of which we highlight in this paper. They are: (a) the enlargement of geographical and thematic scope in order to overcome regional asymmetries and thematic gaps in psychological research; (b) the improvement of the evaluation system in order to comprise the diverse strategies in instructing new researchers and the knowledge production in every subarea of Psychology; (c) the necessity of a link among different areas of Graduate Programs in Psychology since the basis for knowledge production in this field may have additional demands related to the development of intervention technologies; and (d) the elaboration of policies which may qualify the system, improving the research networks, providing international exchange for the groups, promoting scientific publications, and extensive methodological learning, for instance. The diagnosis of these and other challenges, in their multiple dimensions, may lead to a more efficient use of the potentials of Brazilian research groups, towards the development of knowledge production and training new researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental processing and mental experience is not the same thing. The former is the operation of the mind; the latter is the subjective life that emerges from these operations. In social evaluation, implicit and explicit attitudes express this distinction. https://implicit.harvard.edu was created to provide experience with the Implicit Association Test (IAT) a procedure designed to measure social knowledge that may operate outside of awareness. In this paper we examined the relationships between the Implicit Association Test, and explicit measures. One hundred and forty three Psychology college students from University of Porto completed measures for this study. Results suggest that (a) implicit preferences are pervasive, and (b) implicit and explicit attitudes are weakly related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper is a recension of the book Portraits of Pioneers in Developmental Psychology released in 2011 which has not been translated into Brazilian Portuguese yet. It is a collection of works in honor to some pioneers in the developmental psychology field. In its extension, the reader can find some personal and academic reports about 16 scholars in this area of knowledge, as well as their experiences and contributions to this field of psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]