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Objective: This study aimed to determine the sleep habits and sleep problems of patients with conduct disorder (CD) and to compare them with healthy controls. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 45 children diagnosed with CD and 50 healthy controls. Sleep was evaluated by children's sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ). Qualitative variables between groups were compared using chi-square test, whereas quantitative variables were compared using t-test. Correlation analyses were conducted to evaluate relationships between the quantitative variables. Linear regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the predictors of severity of CD symptoms. P was set at 0.05. Results: The average ages of children in CD and control groups were 11.04 +/- 1.20 and 10.00 +/- 1.55 years, respectively. Moreover, 71.1% in the CD group were boys (vs. 78.0% in the control group). The groups were comparable in terms of socio-demographic features (all p>0.05). Scores of all CSHQ subscales were significantly elevated in the CD group compared with the control group (p

The chronotype, which reflects differences among individuals in daily activity patterns and sleep-wake cycles, is actually linked to being healthy. The most important factor that determines the chronotype is the environmental light-dark cycle. Chronotype is the study of classification as morning or evening types according to the physiological and genetic characteristics of the human. There are many factors that determine chronotypes. Although the evidence shows a negative picture for evening types, it should be emphasized that only eveningness cannot cause depression or other psychiatric disorders alone and additional effects may play a role. Conducting studies on mechanisms underlying the chronotype-psychopathology connection is important for interventions that can help reduce the incidence of psychiatric disorders in evening types; these interventions may include sleep training, dietary advice, and cognitive-behavioral techniques. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents and their relationship with the morning and evening types.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of drug holidays during summer vacations among children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who were treated with methylphenidate in terms of ADHD symptoms and executive functions.The study was a prospective cohort study that includes pre-treatment, post-treatment and post-drug holiday evaluations. ADHD symptom severity was evaluated with the Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), the Conners' Parental Rating Scale-Short Form (CPRS) and the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale- Short Form (CTRS). The Stroop Color Word Test- TBAG Form (SCWT) was used to evaluate executive functions. Fifty-one patients participated in the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methylphenidate (MPH) was started at 0.5 mg/kg/day and titrated weekly to a maximum of 1.2 mg/kg/day. During the follow-up period, 22 (43.0%) of the patients stopped treatment.Completion times for all SCWT subtests were significantly reduced after treatment (Our results suggest that psychomotor speed and resistance to interference improved in children with ADHD receiving methylphenidate treatment. Drug holidays did not affect psychomotor speed while beneficial effects on resistance to interference were reduced with drug holidays.