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The article discusses the method of teaching the history of the ontological resistance of slaves amidst their enslavement in the U.S. through the perspective of the personhood and agency of African American slaves. It references the sociologist Charles W. Mills’ perspective on African American personhood and resistance within enslavement.

A literary criticism of the book “Ordinary Jews: Choice and Survival during the Holocaust" by Evgeny Finkel is presented. Topics discussed include the book focusing on the behavior of the Holocaust victims instead of the perpetrators, and the testimonies of approximately 500 Holocaust survivor across Minsk, Białystok, and Kraków to discuss the victim strategies of cooperation, coping and resistance.

Hegemonic masculinity conceptualizes power from a modernist perspective that precludes a theoretically cohesive explanation of resistance. From this perspective, men are assumed to possess the power to construct masculinity in a manner that not only maintains hegemonic dominance over women and subordinate men, but convinces these groups to be complicit in their own subordination. However, homeless men are commonly believed to be powerless and, therefore, unable to enact normative or ideal (or hegemonic) masculinity. In order to explore theoretical assumptions about power within gender relations, the present research employs a Foucauldian informed perspective on power to examine homeless men's constructions of masculinity. The findings suggest that although the men's attitudes and behaviors are to some degree influenced by masculinity norms, varying individual interpretations of norms and interactional specific goals are also highly influential. The men's choices to comply or resist masculinity norms were not consistent but contextually specific. That resistance was a normative aspect of the men's construction of masculinities suggests that a Foucauldian informed perspective on power relations may more accurately capture the complexities of the construction of masculinities, and the co-constitutive nature of power relations in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a preliminary investigation on the resistance to, and persistence of, social influence regarding the appropriate amount to eat, defined in terms of eating an amount similar to that eaten by a confederate. Participants ate pizza both alone and in the presence of remote confederates presenting either a high or low eating norm. In the portion of the experiment examining resistance to social influence, participants given an initial opportunity to form a personal eating norm by eating alone for one session in the absence of social influence were no more resistant to low eating norms than were those who had no such opportunity; however, those who ate alone for two or three prior sessions did show resistance. For the high eating norm, it took three eating alone sessions to create resistance. In the portion of the experiment examining persistence of social influence, when participants ate alone following a session with norm-setting remote confederates, the effect of the social influence persisted. However, the persistence effect varied by norm and weakened over time. Participants modeled a low eating norm for only one additional session and the size of the effect was markedly weaker. By contrast, the high norm persisted for all of the remaining sessions. Thus, individuals' social influence histories can affect their eating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dan Greco and Jason Turner wrote two fantastic critiques of my book, The Construction of Logical Space. Greco's critique suggests that the book can be given a Kuhnian interpretation, with a Carnapian twist. Here I embrace that interpretation. Turner criticizes one of the views I develop in the book. Here I identify an avenue of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the psychologization of development in South Africa, one of the most unequal countries in the world, through a critical analysis of a discussion on a national radio programme about the meaning of Mandela Day. We demonstrate how speakers draw on common sense notions of race, class, and party politics that (re)produce subject positions from within a rights-based interpretive repertoire that emphasizes structural reform and class resistance, and an agency interpretive repertoire that emphasizes individualism, responsibility, and volunteerism. We further demonstrate how the agency subject position serves to stifle and resist the rights subject position by drawing on common sense “psychological truths” about what it means to be a good citizen. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A contemporary appraisal of the explanatory value of the obedience experiments is presented, focusing upon a sample of recent generalizations linked to Milgram's theoretical interpretation. Processes emphasized include justification, the agentic shift, dehumanization, and resistance. These constructs have helped explain diverse phenomena in business ethics and corporate corruption, harmful obedience in legal practice, and whistleblowing, in addition to genocide. The major legacy continues to be the situational thesis that serious harm may be perpetrated upon protesting victims by ordinary, good people under the influence of authority. However, this thesis is still limiting and problematic in the view of many scholars, particularly with respect to the Holocaust. Unanswered questions are discussed. Individual differences in obedience (or disobedience) were noteworthy in Milgram's research, and convincing explanations for these differences remain unaddressed. An empirically validated theory, accounting for Milgram's entire set of observations, is needed, which would facilitate generalizations to relevant contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores organizational cynicism in the context of a major organizational change process. Cynicism has been viewed as a form of resistance driven by unsuccessful implementation of organizational change or, in contrast, as a direct negative attitude towards management. Drawing upon the interview data with regiment managers, this article analyses how unit managers describe organizational changes that their units have endured during a longer period of time. The empirical data suggest that rather than an expression of failed organizational change, managerial incompetence, or a general mistrust in management, organizational cynicism can be seen as organizational members' response to perceived changes and an effort to create a consistent image of everyday activities and formal organizational structures. In this non-instrumental view of organizational cynicism, any attempt to analyse the impact of organizational change on organizational cynicism must therefore take into account the possibility that organizational members actively take part in translating organizational change through what we call paradoxification, that is, by identifying contradictions and inconsistencies between the formal decisions made and their effects in the local setting, rather than other forms of resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imaginative resistance refers to a phenomenon in which people resist engaging in particular prompted imaginative activities. Philosophers have primarily theorized about this phenomenon from the armchair. In this article, we demonstrate the utility of empirical methods for investigating imaginative resistance. We present two studies that help to establish the psychological reality of imaginative resistance and help to uncover one factor that is significant for explaining this phenomenon but low in psychological salience: genre. Furthermore, our studies have the methodological upshot of showing how empirical tools can complement the predominant armchair approach to philosophical aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The results of a factor analysis conducted on the Resistance Modality Inventory (RMI), an instrument created to measure the construct of psychological resistance, are presented in this paper. The sample was comprised of 206 ethnically diverse black women in the Northeast. A primary focus of this work is the relevance and application of the RMI when working with black women within clinical contexts. The terms black and African American are used interchangeably throughout to describe people of African descent (e.g., Africans, African Caribbeans, African Americans, and Latinos of African descent). Optimal Psychology provides the theoretical underpinnings of resistance theory and is defined and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers the author's insights on the view of revolutionary scholar and educator Neville Alexander regarding youth resistance and culture. The author states that Alexander stressed the significance of countering the myth of economic rationality and the mantra that there is no substitute to capitalism. He also mentions that the morality and ethics of Alexander were not part of an empty moralism.

This manuscript looks at opportunities for resistance and the construction of community and pride with and in a primarily Puerto Rican middle school in Holyoke, Massachusetts. Theoretically, we borrow from work on shame, pride, resistance, and Latinidad from scholars in critical pedagogy and performance. For our methodological framework, we use Foucault's discussion of discipline (1979) and the internalization of technologies of practice (1988) in the structuring of performances of admission, and extend this analysis with a focus on tactical responses (de Certeau 1972) to the institutional and relational structuring of shame in performances of orality, operations, and the ordinary among participants in a community-based learning program. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Taking steps toward goals, aspirations, and new behaviors can trigger inner and outer resistance. This article explores approaches to leveraging psychological resistance in service to enhancing personal growth, more fulfilling experiences, and more effective outer results. The Integral model informs the recommended techniques and provides a lens for mapping and assessing one's resistance. This article presents "six easy pieces" to working with resistance and focuses on how resistance can be experienced as a pièce de résistance to one's development and life. Resistance can be approached as a life-enhancing opportunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author shares his insight on the relationship of domination and resistance with psychology. He cites the need for psychology, particularly social psychology, to address domination and resistance as well as stasis and movement, social reproduction and social change. The author opines that domination and resistance must be studied together, a challenge which he claims maintains his passion for psychology.

Service-learning has been hailed as an effective means to bridge classroom learning with practical application in the local context. Numerous studies have demonstrated the educational value of service-learning, particularly the potential to build awareness and appreciation for diversity. Students' resistance to even acknowledging issues of oppression, such as racism and classism, has received far less attention. This inquiry explored how 63 undergraduate students responded to issues concerning race and privilege as they participated in a service-learning course and identified sources of resistance (racial/class complicity, racial/class consciousness, and racial/class action) across racial/ethnic and class backgrounds. The study offers new implications for incorporating diversity issues in service-learning programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between stigmatization and the self-regard of patients/consumers with mental disorder is negative but only moderate in strength, probably because a subset of persons with mental illness resists devaluation and discrimination by others. Resistance has seldom been discussed in the stigma and labeling literatures, and thus conditions under which individuals are resistant have not been identified. I define resistance as opposition to the imposition of mental illness stereotypes by others and distinguish between deflecting (‘‘that’s not me’’) and challenging resistance strategies. Individuals should be more likely to employ resistance strategies when they have: past experience with stigma resistance; past familiarity with an ill family member or friend; symptoms that are non-severe or controlled; treatment experience in settings run by consumers; initially high levels of psychosocial coping resources; and multiple role-identities. Incorporating resistance into classic and modified labeling theories of mental illness highlights the personal agency of labeled individuals, missing especially in classic labeling theory. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The purpose of this research was to study the design and implementation of a newly developed, two-semester, action research course in a Master of Arts in Teaching program. Over a four-year period, we (the instructors) used action research methodologies for analysis and evaluation of the course. Throughout this study, students expressed varying reactions to the process of action research, ranging from enthusiasm and acceptance to continual and persistent reluctance to accept the process as 'real research'. This resistance is the focus of our study. Four years of reflection on our data points to the following reasons for student resistance: lack of understanding about what action research is and its purpose; a discomfort with the emphasis of process over product and the associated investment of time and ability to multi-task; and willingness to embrace the transformational process of action research as part of learning to teach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article engages with the problematic nature of silence and its tendency to trouble qualitative inquiry. Silence is frequently read as resistance-as an impediment to analysis or the emergence of an authentic voice. Rather than seeking methodological remedies for such impediments, the article dwells on, and in, the recalcitrance of silence. The authors read silence, via Derrida and Freud, as the trace of something Other at the heart of utterance-something intractable, unspeakable, unreasonable, unanalyzable. Silence confounds interpretation and manifests, intolerably, the illusory status of speech as full "presence" or living voice. Yet it also incites the search for meaning and is therefore productive. How might Method work with the alterity of silence, rather than seeking to cure or compensate for its necessary insufficiencies? The article is organized around three examples or parables of silence. Humor gets tangled up in the text further on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Quest for Identity study explores how young people maintain their resistance to offending and it argues that for some this entails active resistance, rather than merely reflecting an innocence often associated with childhood non-offending. Two qualitative methods were used in the study to elicit young people's own perspectives. Secondary analysis was conducted on 112 semi-structured interviews with teenagers, 62 of whom who had never offended ('resisters') and 50 of whom had offended and then ceased ('desisters'). Additionally, primary data were gathered by means of peer led focus groups conducted with 52 resisters. A key contribution of the study is the development of typologies of young resisters and desisters. The article outlines the two resister types, namely innocents and streetwise resisters and the three desister types: reformed characters, desisters on the margins, and quasi-resisters (desisters who retain a resister identity) which were developed during the analysis. It also considers the implications of the findings for policy, practice and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the reaction of welfare recipients to social service workers in the U.S. and what it illustrates regarding the sociological and structural nature of resistance. The article describes how women who felt discriminated against at a welfare office engaged in a process that created alternative meanings of their personal identities vis-á-vis the social service workers that illustrate the ways of developing resistance tactics against the dominant constructions of meaning. Subjects under discussion include the relation of race, gender, and power structures and the way in which liminal persons subvert those structures.

The author explores the psychological dynamics of feedback to clients by examining the method and processes of organizational diagnosis and change. In so doing, the concept of the unthought known is introduced along with several other psychological concepts to help explain the clients' initial response to consultant feedback. In particular, the author submits that it is not so much that clients do not know what consultants tell them at this stage of the process of organizational change as much as it is the case that they had not thought of it. This understanding of the change process and feedback to clients has important implications for working effectively with clients' inevitable defensive resistances and anxieties. Two case vignettes are offered as illustrations of defensive resistance and the unthought known in organizational change consultations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis whether intuition would improve with the experience in the domain of performance prediction. It focuses on the cognitive factors that leads to person's resistance to adopt the selection decision aids. It highlights the number of emotional and motivational factors that explains the psychology of human resistance. Moreover, it aims to enlighten industrial and organizational psychologist to debunk the belief that a person can intuit somebody's future success on the job through a high level of accuracy obtained through the selection technology of the organization.

It is recommended to acknowledge and attribute normalcy to a range of possible reactions to concepts surrounding stages of development, particularly “higher” ones. Neutral, negative, and positive reactions have origins that differ considerably by stage of hierarchical complexity. Reactions of resistance require analysis because resistance is a source of misunderstanding or conflict. Using hierarchical complexity concepts and scoring to analyze these reactions demonstrates that people using postformal thought at stages 11 and 12 may seem to resist the very concepts that explain their complex thought. Analyses indicate resistance is directed at misunderstood or sometimes-conflated elements, rather than developmental concepts themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we analyse the change in unfavourable attitudes towards foreigners among the (West) German public over a period of two decades. Applying pooled survey data from 1980 to 2000, we found an overall trend towards less resistance to the social integration of foreigners, only interrupted by a minor increase between 1994 and 1996. We tested hypotheses derived from Ethnic Group Conflict Theory with regard to individual and contextual determinants of the resistance to the social integration of foreigners. National statistics were applied to indicate the societal context at the time of survey measurement (period characteristics) and during the adolescent years of respondents (cohort characteristics). Resistance to the social integration of foreigners was particularly strong among people with lower education, manual workers, the petty bourgeoisie and the unemployed. Furthermore, older respondents as well as those who were confronted with high unemployment during their adolescent years showed stronger resistance. With regard to period characteristics, we found that stronger resistance to the social integration of foreigners was not related to higher levels of unemployment and foreign immigration, but instead to recent increases in unemployment and foreign immigration. This suggests that it is not the actual level of ethnic competition, but the increasing level of ethnic competition that boosts negative attitudes toward foreigners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of philosopher David Hume on psychological necessity. It cites the psychological necessity as it allows to moral commitments and argues that some evidence on the view of Hume is provided by the phenomenon of imaginative resistance. The article also indicates that the phenomenon can offer the moral sentimentalist a way to respond to a certain family of criticisms. Moreover, it states that Hume appeals to psychological necessity when he discusses the moral commitments.

This study examined perceptions of sexual harassment based on belief In women's use of token resistance and a victim's physical or verbal resistance to unwanted sexual attention, described in experimentally manipulated vignettes: Findings from 541 undergraduates revealed that a stronger belief in token resistance was associated with weaker perceptions of sexual harassment. Results showed that any type of resistance led to stronger perceptions of sexual harassment than no resistance at all, except for those with a stronger belief in women's use of token resistance. Perceptions among those with a stronger belief strengthened only when there were two forms of resistance offered simultaneously. These findings extend the literature by investigating the influence of physical resistance on sexual harassment perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistance to treatment that is typical among substance abusers may be heightened for adolescents who are typically compelled into treatment and who are experiencing standard developmental issues. Very little research addresses resistance in substance abuse treatment, and even less focuses on resistance in treatment of adolescents. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of recent literature on adolescent substance abuse treatment, highlighting strategies utilized to handle treatment resistance. The analysis includes a review of the literature on the conceptualization of resistance, current adolescent substance abuse treatment modalities, and a discussion of recent research and its implications for future studies of resistance in adolescent substance-abusing populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of behavioral strategies and cognitive strategies, individually or in combination, on the likelihood of lapsing during smoking cessation were examined by random effects regression analyses of 1,499 temptations reported by 61 smokers during the first 2 weeks of cessation. Compared to using no strategies, using either type exclusively or in combination was significantly protective from lapsing. The combination was not significantly better than using multiple cognitive strategies, but was superior to using a single behavioral strategy, a single cognitive strategy, or multiple behavioral strategies. Use of coping strategies during temptation episodes was highly related to resisting smoking. Maximum benefit accrued to using more than one strategy of which at least one was a cognitive strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a look at students who are resistant to learning. The author describes the behavior of these oppositional students, who often drive teachers to distraction and despair. Assumptions about the identity of the defiant student and the reasons the student might be opposing learning are discussed. The author claims that literacy classes, in particular, cause certain students to resist due to the emphasis on identity and interpretation. According to the article, students can see assessment on their reading and writing skills as a judgment on their selves.

This study examined the timing of counterarguing effects in resistance. Specifically, it investigated the persistence of counterarguing output in resistance across time and explored inoculation message strategies designed to boost the persistence of counterarguing. Results indicated that contrary to what one might expect, the counterarguing output elicited by inoculation treatments was stable across time. The counterarguing output did not increase in the days following treatment, suggesting that inoculation messages require a minimal delay following recipient exposure to elicit counterarguing output, and it proved to be surprisingly robust across time, sustaining itself for much longer periods than early inoculation research had intimated. Also, the results revealed that inoculation-different treatments and reinforcement (booster) messages boost the persistence of the counterarguing output over time. Inoculation-same treatments were initially best in generating counterarguing output, but their effects deteriorated over time. By contrast, inoculation-different messages emerged as being superior in sustaining counterarguing output. Finally, reinforcement messages, administered from five to twenty-one days following inoculation, sustained counterarguing output for as long 44 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduction in performance variability is characteristic of skill acquisition during childhood. Less understood is the role of variability in adaptive skill. The purpose of this study was to determine children's capacity for adapting to changing task requirements. Children ages 4-14 years and adults rode a stationary ergometer at different levels of cadence and resistance. Younger children were less successful in meeting task requirements. When they did succeed, the younger children were more variable. However, no interactions were found. Variability did not change with resistance, and all groups showed increasing variability as cadence increased. It was concluded that in spite of a weaker synergy (more variability), children were adept to changes in task demand within tested limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three experiments examined the extent to which attitudes following majority and minority influence are resistant to counter-persuasion. In Experiment 1, participants’ attitudes were measured after being exposed to two messages which argued opposite positions (initial pro-attitudinal message and subsequent, counter-attitudinal counter-message). Attitudes following minority endorsement of the initial message were more resistant to a (second) counter-message than attitudes following majority endorsement of the initial message. Experiment 2 replicated this finding when the message direction was reversed (counter-attitudinal initial message and pro-attitudinal counter-message) and showed that the level of message elaboration mediated the amount of attitude resistance. Experiment 3 included conditions where participants received only the counter-message and showed that minority-source participants had resisted the second message (counter-message) rather than being influenced by it. These results show that minority influence induces systematic processing of its arguments which leads to attitudes which are resistant to counter-persuasion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Presents information on a series of studies which tested whether providing cognitive defenses for the value of equality induces resistance against a message attacking this value. Insight on values as truisms; Methodologies; Results and discussion.

Three studies examined the impact of a treatment designed to instill resistance to deceptive persuasive messages. Study 1 demonstrated that after the resistance treatment, ads using illegitimate authority-based appeals became less persuasive, and ads using legitimate appeals became more persuasive. In Study 2, this resistance generalized to novel exemplars, persevered over time, and appeared outside of the laboratory context. In Study 3, a procedure that dispelled participants' illusions of invulnerability to deceptive persuasion maximized resistance to such persuasion. Overall, the present studies demonstrate that attempts to confer resistance to appeals will likely be successful to the extent that they install 2 conceptual features: perceived undue manipulative intent of the source of the appeal and perceived personal vulnerability to such manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Warning participants of the topic and position of an upcoming message often results in increased resistance to persuasion. The cognitive mediation explanation of this effect is that the warning motivates people to engage in anticipatory counterarguing prior to receiving the message. This research suggests that this explanation provides only a partial understanding of forewarning effects. We extended the literature by examining attitude importance and both cognitive and affective resistance processes (cf. Zuwerink & Devine, 1996). Results showed that high-importance individuals were very resistant to the message, regardless of the warning (warned vs. unwarned) and delay (0 min vs. 2 min) manipulations. Their resistance was evident in heightened levels of negative thoughts and negative affect (i.e., irritation) compared to low-importance individuals. Low-importance individuals were most resistant when warned and given time before hearing the message. Path analysis suggests that this effect was mediated primarily by heightened irritation in this condition, although negative thoughts also contributed to resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to explore why rituals of bodily reform play so prominent a role in movements of social reconstruction, particularly in collective action which never attains the level of explicit historical discourse. I argue that the crucial signifying role of the body here derives from its position as primary mediator between the self and the Reviews the book ' ,' by the case of a protest movement in modern South Africa, I show how the semantics of bodily affliction and reform permit participants to address and redress the historical roots of their conflict-laden experience. Here, sociocultural contradiction takes tangible shape in the ‘natural’ contradictions of the human body, and reconstitution proceeds by alike drawing upon media from the body's seemingly inexhaustible stock. But in this, the body is more than mere ‘natural alibi’ or set of unmotivated signs; it provides implements determined by an inherent, natural logic which engages in what is a reciprocally determining relationship with the semantic logic of specific sociohistorical projects. …habit has its abode neither in thought nor in the objective body, but in the body as mediator of a world. (Merleau-Ponty 1970: 266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reader is taken on a journey spanning some 25 years devoted to the author's involvement in stress research as a sociologist of health. The starting point is work on life stressors, moving to the distinction between tension and stress and the concept of generalized resistance resources. In the course of the story, consideration is given to the difference between the study of diseases and of dis-ease. The next step taken is the formulation of the salutogenic problem and its implications for health research, in contrast to the traditional study of pathogenesis. Finally, the meaning of the sense of coherence, an orientation to the world as comprehensible, manageable and meaningful, and hypothesized to be a core variable in shaping coping with stressors and thereby influencing health status, is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the effectiveness of forewarning in developing resistance to persuasion. Attempts have been made to test hypotheses derived from the "selective exposure" postulate, which implies that people characteristically defend their beliefs by avoiding exposure to dissonant information. Such a defense would leave the person's belief in a state analogous to the health of a person brought up in a germ-free environment-appearing very vigorous but highly vulnerable when suddenly exposed to hostile material. Psychologist Carl Hovland has suggested that this state of affairs helps explain a striking discrepancy between laboratory and field studies of persuasion. Laboratory studies, which tend to produce massive opinion change, are usually designed so that the person is compelled to expose himself to the persuasive messages, while in field studies, which tend to produce relatively trivial opinion changes, the person is allowed much more control over the extent of his exposure. The analogy to the medical situation can be pursued as regards techniques for developing belief resistance.

The article cites a study aimed to follow-up on the implications of earlier findings of a study conducted by I. L. Janis and S. Feshbach regarding psychological resistances to fear arousing communications. The study made use of 31 smoking- adult subjects consisting of 6 females and 25 males from 18-55 years old and each were subjected to an interview regarding their smoking habits. The precommunication interview was followed by exposure of the subjects to Low or High Threat version of the communication each of which were presented in a separate card. Results of the study concluded that when a strong level of fear is induced by a communication presented in a persuasive manner, the recipient is motivated to develop psychological resistances to the arguments of the communication.

The article offers the author's view on the impact of hip-hop music on young people. The author states that hip-hop has helped in creating spaces of connection and transformation among people who consume and produce music. The author notes that it has links to cultures of resistance that developed by people of color. The author mentions that it offers narratives and demands social and political transformation.

Explores the characteristics and manifestations of special education teacher's resistance in special education consultative interventions for students with learning disabilities. Sources of resistance; Plan for managing resistance; Evaluation of efforts to manage resistance.