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Evans & Levinson (E&L) argue against Universal Grammar on the basis of language diversity. A related and fundamental issue is whether the language input provides sufficient information for a child to acquire it. I briefly discuss the more integrated approaches to language acquisition which focus on the mechanisms, and research showing that input cues provide valuable information for the language learner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract on the effects of psychological abuse on interpersonal relationships.

Presents an abstract on the effects of lipopolysaccharide on memory processes of day-old chicks.

Presents an abstract on the attitudes of primary school teachers towards children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE: To examine at 7 years the language abilities of children, the salience of early life factors and language scores as predictors of language outcome, and co-occurring difficulties METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study of 1910 infants recruited at age 8 to 10 months. Exposures included early life factors (sex, prematurity, birth weight/order, twin birth, socioeconomic status, non-English speaking background,family history of speech/ language difficulties); maternal factors (mental health, vocabulary, education, and age); and child language ability at 2 and 4 years. Outcomes were 7-year standardized receptive or expressive language scores (low language: ≥1.25 SD below the mean), and co-occurring difficulties (autism, literacy, social, emotional, and behavioral adjustment, and health-related quality of life). RESULTS: Almost 19% of children (22/1204;18.9%) met criteria for low language at 7 years. Early life factors explained 9-13% of variation in language scores, increasing to 39-58% when child language scores at ages 2 and 4 were included. Early life factors moderately discriminated between children with and without low language (area under the curve: 0.68-0.72), strengthening to good discrimination with language scores at ages 2 and 4 (area under the curve: 0.85-0.94). Low language at age 7 was associated with concurrent difficulties in literacy, social-emotional and behavioral difficulties, and limitations in school and psychosocial functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Child language ability at 4 years more accurately predicted low language at 7 than a range of early child, family, and environmental factors. Low language at 7 years was associated with a higher prevalence of co-occurring difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract on the optimism and quality of life among aged individuals in Australia.

Presents an abstract on the effects of negative sports involvement on motivation towards exercise and sport participation.

Presents an abstract on the effects of hospital experiences on the views of women regarding power and illness.

Presents an abstract on the effects of auditory stimuli exposure on long-term memory of day-old chicks.

Presents an abstract on the melatonin and sleep characteristics among males with fragile X syndrome.

Presents an abstract on the influence of mortality concerns on an individual's cultural worldview.

Presents an abstract on the impact of psychosocial adjustments and melatonin on menopausal symptoms.

Presents an abstract on the analysis of sequential movement behaviors.

Presents an abstract on the drinking behavior of alcoholics towards alcohol-related stimuli.

Presents an abstract on the use of cognitive vulnerability in assessing attributional styles of depressed individuals.

Presents an abstract on different treatments for post traumatic stress disorder in adolescents.

Presents an abstract on the occupational status of independent consultants in Australia.

Presents an abstract on the constant use of cultural stereotypes in storytelling.

Presents an abstract on the impact of debriefing by counsellors on social judgements.

Presents an abstract on body comparison among adolescent girls based on appearance.

Presents an abstract on the theoretical evaluation and analysis of body image.

Presents an abstract on the evaluation of dieting behaviors through attribution and self-efficacy theory.

Presents an abstract on pain and cognitive status of aged individuals in hospitals and nursing homes.