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There is a growing interest in whether and how parents’ experiences of discrimination may affect their children’s health and well-being. Considering that the intergenerational influence of discrimination on child well-being is still underexplored in China, there is an urgent need to determine whether children become depressed as a result of their parents’ discrimination experiences and to identify the pathways leading to their depressive symptoms. This study examined whether and how parents’ experiences of discrimination may lead to child (aged 10–15 years) depressive symptoms using data from the 2016 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The analytic sample included 1554 triads comprising children and both parents. Generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) was employed to examine whether parents’ experiences of discrimination were related to child depressive symptoms through more serious parents’ depressive symptoms and greater tension between the two parents and between parents and their children. The analysis indicated that both mothers’ and fathers’ experiences of discrimination were indirectly related to children’s depressive symptoms through fathers’ and mothers’ depressive symptoms, parent–child quarreling, and interparental quarreling. The study also showed a crossover effect from fathers’ discrimination experiences to mothers’ depressive symptoms and indicated that fathers’ experiences of discrimination could influence children’s depressive symptoms through mothers’ depressive symptoms. The findings suggested that children whose parents were likely to suffer from discrimination, from either the father’s or mother’s side, could become vulnerable. Policies and practices targeting adult discrimination need to be extended to children to enhance parents’ awareness and improve their strategies for coping with discrimination.

Almost 70% grandparents play important roles in the parenting of grandchildren in China. Although several studies have investigated the influence of grandparenting on children, few studies have taken the mutual impacts between parental and grandparental caregivers on children into account. The present study investigated the different associations of mother’s and grandmother’s parental control (psychological and behavioral control), mother-child attachment, grandmother-child attachment, and child depressive symptoms between paternal and maternal groups from 201 grandparenting families. Results of mediating effect indicated the different associations between groups. In paternal group, significant crossover effect was shown in the association between paternal grandmother’s psychological control and mother-child attachment; mother’s psychological control and behavioral control were indirectly associated with child depressive symptoms through mother-child attachment. In maternal group, we did not find the same crossover effect as in paternal group, but maternal grandmother’s psychological control was indirectly associated with child depressive symptoms through maternal grandmother-child attachment. These findings expanded the crossover theory to grandmother-mother subsystem to reveal the mutual impacts on children between paternal and maternal group in grandparenting families.

The present preregistered meta-analysis aimed to assess the evidence regarding the work-family interactions, as dyadic studies report them. The introduction differentiated between spillover (or intra-individual) effects and crossover (or inter-individual) effects by using dyadic studies. Following an online and reference list search, out of the initial 339 studies, 36 eligible articles reported correlations between one partner's variables and the other partner's variables. Analyses included 1504 effect sizes and used meta-analytical calculations and structural equation modeling. Both partners' well-being measures had small proportions of shared variance (i.e. shared variance up to 13.69%). The following analyses focused on the potential effects that could explain the shared variance of family-related well-being. There was little evidence of a crossover effect from one's work-related variables toward the partners' family-related well-being. Furthermore, analyses using structural equation modeling did not yield any results to support a crossover effect from one's work-family interaction toward their partner's well-being. These findings suggest that the literature needs new research studies regarding how family-related demands and resources are related to well-being and personal resources in the crossover processes.

Parenting stress of mothers has frequently been linked to negative child outcomes. According to Abidin’s stress model, this relationship may be explained by dysfunctional parenting behaviors. In this study, we scrutinized the effects of both mothers and fathers in the pathway from parenting stress through parenting behaviors to subsequent adolescent behavior problems. We expected the association between parenting stress and adolescent behavior problems to be partially mediated by maternal and paternal parenting behaviors. Further, we expected crossover effects, i.e., that parenting stress of one parent was related to the parenting behavior of the other parent. We applied a 3-wave longitudinal design using data from 441 adolescents (52% girls) and their parents (419 fathers; 436 mothers). Parents reported on parenting stress (adolescent age range = 10.9–16.3 years). Adolescents reported on perceived parental overreactivity and warmth (age range = 12.9–18.3) and their own internalizing and externalizing problems (age range = 15.9–21.3). Despite cross-sectional significant associations between parenting stress, parenting behavior, and adolescent behavior problems, we found no evidence of longitudinal linkages. One exception was maternal parenting stress, which positively predicted later adolescent externalizing problems. Consequently, the mediating role of parenting behaviors was not supported. We found no crossover effects in the pathway from parenting stress to parenting behaviors. The discrepancies between our longitudinal and cross-sectional findings raise questions about the actual impact that parents have on their children’s outcome. Though, targeting mothers’ parenting stress may help to reduce adolescent externalizing problems and its ramifications at least to some extent.

The high co-occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and physical child abuse suggests that studying these forms of aggression simultaneously, bidirectionally, and longitudinally is critical. Guided by family systems theory, this study examined parent-child aggression (PCA) risk, IPV victimization, and child behavior problems as reported by mothers and fathers when their child was 18 months and at 4 years old, to evaluate whether negative processes can transmit across family subsystems (i.e., spillover hypothesis) and/or across individuals (i.e., crossover hypothesis). Results indicated that mothers’ PCA risk predicted their subsequent IPV victimization and their reported child behavior problems (i.e., spillover effects) as well as fathers’ reported IPV victimization (i.e., crossover effect). Maternal reports of child behavior problems also predicted mothers’ reported IPV victimization and fathers’ reported child behavior problems, indicating child-driven effects. Overall, mothers rather than fathers appear more vulnerable to harmful spillover effects. Findings underscore the need for early prevention and intervention given the complex, transactional nature of family violence.

The study explores how gender affects the relationships linking work-to-family conflict to job and life satisfaction among dual-earner spouses. Data were collected from 157 paired Chinese managers ...

There are consistently high rates of sexual victimization and substance misuse among youth in the United States. Although there is a known relation between sexual victimization and substance use, there is a gap in the research regarding the magnitude and temporality of these associations. This study examined whether latent classes of sexual victimization and help-seeking attitudes longitudinally predict intentions of future substance misuse 7–10 months later. Students from nine Colorado high schools ( N = 533; M = age 16 years) completed surveys across two consecutive school semesters. Latent class analysis was used to identify classes of students who experienced at least one form of sexual victimization (e.g., sexual harassment, unwanted sexual contact) according to 13 sexual victimization items, and level of positive attitudes regarding help-seeking for sexual victimization. Classes were compared on demographic characteristics and for distal outcomes of likelihood of future substance misuse (cigarettes, alcohol, cannabis, prescription drugs, and electronic vaping products) using latent class regression, controlling for previous intentions to use. At Time 1, four classes of sexual victimization were identified with two main classes for comparison: low odds of experiencing sexual victimization (60.1% of sample) and high odds of endorsing all forms of sexual victimization (7.7% of sample). The high sexual victimization class had higher proportions of male and transgender students, compared to other classes. At Time 2 (7–10 months later), students in the high sexual victimization class reported a significantly greater likelihood of future cigarette ( p = .017) and prescription drug misuse ( p = .007) when compared to the low sexual victimization class. There was no evidence that having higher positive attitudes towards help-seeking resulted in lower intentions to use substances in the future. These findings highlight that addressing sexual violence in prevention programming may have crossover effects of reducing substance misuse and other forms of violence among youth.

Work–family conflict (WFC) has emerged as a challenging issue all over the world. Based on identity, scarcity, basic human values and crossover theories, we examined how life role salience, value of self-enhancement, gender and spouse’s emotional stability affect WFC. Data were collected using questionnaires from 167 dual-earner couples in Sri Lanka. All the variables, except for emotional stability, were measured from the focal employee concerned. Emotional stability was measured from the spouse. Four moderated multiple regressions were conducted to test the proposed model. This study found that a higher level of occupational role salience predicts work-to-family conflict. Further, results indicated that a higher value of self-enhancement increases work-to-family conflict, gender determines the level of family-to-work conflict, and spouse’s emotional stability directly crossovers to reduce family-to-work conflict of the other spouse. Hence, it is evident that not only individual factors but factors related to significant others such as spouses also create WFC. This research contributes to the advancement of the existing understanding on WFC as life role salience, values and crossover effect of spousal factors are still under-researched areas in work–family literature.

Burnout has been a prominent topic in the management research for over 30 years. Yet few studies have explored the conditions that foster burnout from managers to employees (indirect crossover). Based on the principle of behavioral plasticity, we propose that self-efficacy is an adaptive resource that enables employees to counter the potentially crossover effects of burnout (ie, emotional exhaustion and cynicism). This proposal is partially supported by the results of a longitudinal analysis of educators (principals and teachers): a moderating effect of employee self-efficacy was found, but only for emotional exhaustion, which is considered the basic individual stress dimension of burnout. More specifically, managerial emotional exhaustion was associated with lower emotional exhaustion over time in employees who reported higher self-efficacy, with the inverse association for employees with lower self-efficacy. This suggests that managers' emotional exhaustion can indirectly affect the experience of a congruent emotional state in their subordinates. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

PurposeThis research tested the crossover effects of a leader’s resilience on followers’ outcomes via followers’ resilience.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data from 87 leaders with 309 followers, collected in two waves in China, were used to test the multilevel mediation hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicated that (1) resilience could transfer from the leader to followers, and (2) leader’s resilience could further contribute to alleviating followers’ job burnout, and prompt citizenship behaviors by enhancing followers’ resilience.Originality/valueThis study adopted a top-down perspective to test the crossover effects of resilience, thus expanding the resilience literature illustrating its distinct influential mechanism through a vertically interpersonal perspective.

PurposeConflict between work and family is a significant issue for entrepreneurs. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of entrepreneurial failure on both family–work conflict (FWC) and work–family conflict (WFC) and the moderating role of perceived control of time and organizational slack based on conservation of resources (COR) theory.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a questionnaire to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial failure, FWC/WFC, perceived control of time and organizational slack. Data were collected from the Chinese context in 2018 and as a result received 318 valid questionnaires, obtaining a response rate of 63.6 per cent.FindingsThe study finds that entrepreneurial failure has a significant relationship with FWC but a nonsignificant relationship with WFC and that perceived control of time and organizational slack moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial failure and FWC/WFC.Originality/valueThis study aligns the field of family–work (work–family) conflict and entrepreneurial failure. It addresses a research gap in the conflict literature by introducing one form of resource loss: entrepreneurial failure as a source of conflict between work and family based on COR theory and the work–home resources model. The study also enriches the literature on the social cost of entrepreneurial failure by exploring the crossover effect of entrepreneurial failure on conflicts in the family domain. Furthermore, the study advances the understanding of managing conflict between work and family after entrepreneurial failure.

This daily diary study addresses whether work colleague’s mindfulness at workplace relates to employee’s well-being and performance. Our sample was comprised by 63 couples of coworkers, who filled in quantitative web-based reports twice a day during a whole working week ((N = 126; 1260 occasions). Multilevel analysis was performed, thus showing that colleague’s daily mindfulness at the work context was positively linked to employee’s daily level of relaxation at home. This association was found to be partially mediated by the levels of daily positive affect that employees experienced during their working hours. Additionally, on those days in which employees reported higher levels of positive affect, they tend to foster organizational citizenship behaviours during the following day (colleague-reported). Previous day’s relaxation at home seemed to partially mediate this link. These results are the first ones to show a crossover effect of mindfulness between a couple of work colleagues, thus providing some evidence in favor of the idea that same hierarchical-level agents may benefit from interpersonal associations like the one we present. Moreover, our study expands the flourishing line of research about the within-person dynamics of mindfulness and the way it can be transferred between work and home indistinctively, on a daily basis. Finally, theoretical and practical implications of our findings are discussed.

Dual-income families are challenged by several issues in terms of conciliation between the working environment, the family context and the management of children. This paper, consistently with spillover and crossover hypotheses, aimed at examining the intermediate role of work-family balance, linking on work-family organizational support, work-to-family enrichment and conflict as predictors, and on family-life satisfaction of dual-income families’ both partners as final outcomes. It was expected that work-family organizational support would be related to lower work-to-family conflict and higher enrichment and, through them, with higher work-family balance; moreover, a positive association between work-family balance and family-life satisfaction of both partners was assumed. 390 double-income heterosexual couples participated in our study; 76.2% of the couples were parents. Structural equation modelling results showed that work-family balance was negatively predicted by work-to-family conflict and positively predicted by work-to-family enrichment. Furthermore, work-family organizational support positively predicted work-to-family enrichment, which also mediated its effect on work-family balance. Crossover and spillover effects were also confirmed, given that positive associations between work-family balance and family-life satisfaction of both partners were found. Implications for future research and organizational interventions aimed at both improving work-family balance and promoting greater satisfaction in family life are discussed.

Objective Demanding psychosocial work characteristics, such as high job demands, can have a detrimental impact on leisure–time physical activity (LTPA), with adverse consequences for employee health and well-being. However, the mechanisms and moderators of this crossover effect are still largely unknown. We therefore aimed to identify and test potential mediating and moderating factors from within and outside the work environment. Based on the previous research, we expected job demands to be negatively related to LTPA through fatigue. In addition, we expected that job control and worktime control would attenuate the relationship between job demands and fatigue. Furthermore, we hypothesized that autonomous exercise motivation and spontaneous action planning would attenuate the relationship between fatigue and LTPA. In addition to these cross-sectional hypotheses, we expected the same effects to predict a change in LTPA in the following year. Methods To investigate these assumptions, a preregistered longitudinal survey study was conducted among a large sample of Dutch employees in sedentary jobs. Participants reported on the constructs of interest in 2017 and 2018 (N = 1189 and 665 respectively) and the resulting data were analyzed using path analyses. Results Our cross-sectional analyses confirm a weak indirect, negative association between job demands and LTPA, via fatigue. However, this finding was not observed in our longitudinal analyses and none of the other hypotheses were confirmed. Conclusion This study shows that, among employees with relatively healthy psychosocial work characteristics (i.e., high job control), the evidence for an impact of these work characteristics on participation in LTPA is limited.

This study examines crossover effects of adolescent substance misuse preventive interventions on academic success in college. It evaluates pathways of influence on college grades, via effects on school engagement, problem-solving skills, and substance misuse in high school. Data were collected as part of an Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) evaluating a multicomponent intervention conducted in 28 school districts with middle school students. At age 19, study participants (N = 1,488) enrolled in college reported on college grades. The model fit the data, supporting hypothesized pathways of intervention impacts. Inclusion of a significant direct effect on college grades further improved model fit. Results support the potential for universal substance misuse preventive interventions delivered by community partnerships during middle school to yield effects on long-term academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines dual-earner couples to determine whether changes in work–family conflict predict changes in one’s own (i.e., actor effects) or partner’s (i.e., partner effects) health and well-being as well as gender differences in these relationships. Using data from 1,001 dual-earner couples in Wave 6 and Wave 8 of the German Family Panel survey (Pairfam), we found (1) significant actor effects for all outcomes, with stronger actor effects among men than women on mental health; (2) significant partner effects for life satisfaction and mental health, with stronger partner effects among men than women on life satisfaction; and (3) stronger actor effects than corresponding partner effects for life satisfaction and mental health. As work–family conflict has become a fact of life for many contemporary workers, our results contribute by highlighting the importance of using couple-level data and testing longitudinal crossover effects to provide a fuller understanding of such conflict’s health consequences.

The Journal of Studies in Language 35.1, 085-095. This study reports the results from a self-paced reading experiment that investigates Korean-English second language (L2) speakers’ online sensitivity to Principle C on online pronoun resolution. I examine this in the context of strong crossover (SCO) configurations in English to explore the effects of first language (L1) and proficiency on L2 processing. The findings show that proficiency appears to predict Korean-English L2 speakers’ use of target grammatical knowledge online. Highly-proficient Korean-English L2 speakers demonstrate sensitivity to the SCO constraint during online pronoun resolution in that they do not consider a fronted wh-phrase as a potential antecedent for a gender-matched pronoun that intervenes the wh-phrase and its gap. However, the SCO constraint does not restrict less-proficient Korean-English L2 speakers’ online pronoun resolution. The findings also suggest that L1 is not a determinant factor in L2 processing; that is to say, L2 processing is not fundamentally different from L1 processing. (Korea University)

Purpose Work–family research has established the existence of a crossover effect, wherein a given perception is transferable between two intimate persons. However, little research has been done to delineate this crossover process. Therefore, grounded in the conservation of resources theory, the present study aims to examine why and how a supervisor’s work–family conflict (WFC) is related to his or her subordinates’ WFC. The authors focus on three resource-related mechanisms and explore the consequences of subordinates’ WFC. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaire surveys were collected from 180 supervisor–subordinate dyads from five hotels. Mplus was used to test the framework. Findings The results support the notion that supervisor’s negative affect and subordinate’s workload account for the crossover effect of WFC. Moreover, subordinates’ WFC is found to be related to lower job satisfaction and higher turnover intention. Research limitations/implications The current study highlights the downward effect of supervisors’ WFC, a phenomenon that has been understudied in the extant research. Alternative mediators or moderators in the relationship between supervisors’ WFC and subordinates’ WFC can be explored by future research. Practical implications Hotels should help supervisors to effectively manage the work and family dynamic through training and changing the “face time” culture. Originality/value Grounded in the conservation of resources theory, the authors propose a framework that incorporates WFC into the crossover model.

Work-family balance has received meaningful attention from researchers and practitioners alike. Work and family are usually seen as two separate domains that are interdependent, with boundaries that have some level of permeability. Crisis situations can alter permeability of these boundaries, enhancing integration of the two domains due to exchange of ideas and spillover of concerns between these domains. This study looks at how these boundaries are impacted for nurses working directly with COVID-19 patients. The study conducted 24 semi-structured interviews with nurses. Through a thematic analysis the study found that the work-family boundaries have blurred due to concerns around the contagiousness and anxiety associated with the virus. In order to cope with these spillover and possible crossover effects, nurses use prosocial distortion and avoidance and create sub-boundaries at home.

In the context of a chronic illness such as Type 1 diabetes (T1D), managing general stressors may be linked to diabetes-specific stressors for persons with T1D, an intraindividual contagion phenomenon (i.e., spillover). Among those with romantic partners, stress may also be associated with the partner's stress (i.e., crossover). These intraindividual and interpersonal processes may be further strengthened or weakened in the presence of individual (e.g., sleep satisfaction) and interpersonal (e.g., relationship satisfaction) factors. This study examined spillover and crossover effects between daily general and diabetes-specific stressors and whether sleep satisfaction and relationship satisfaction moderated spillover and crossover effects among couples in which one person had T1D. Persons with T1D (n = 199; Mage = 46.82, 52.3% female) and their romantic partners (n = 199; Mage = 46.41, 47.2% female) reported general stressors and sleep satisfaction, and persons with T1D reported diabetes-specific stressors on 14 consecutive days. Both couple members completed a survey that assessed relationship satisfaction. Multilevel models revealed significant within-person and between-person stress spillover and crossover effects. When examining the moderating role of sleep satisfaction, however, persons with T1D with better sleep satisfaction did not experience spillover between one domain and the other. Furthermore, partners with higher relationship satisfaction did not experience crossover between the persons with T1D-specific stressors and their general stressors. These findings support the conceptualization of the link between general and diabetes-specific stressors as both an intraindividual and a dyadic process among couples coping with T1D. In addition, better sleep satisfaction can prevent spillover effects, and relationship satisfaction can prevent stress crossover effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

This study combined conservation of resources theory with the job demands-resources model to explore the influence of leader mindfulness on the emotional exhaustion of university teachers Using a time-lagged research design, 388 paired data sets were gathered. Multiple regression and bootstrapping were used to test each hypothesis. The results showed that first, leader mindfulness significantly reduces the emotional exhaustion of university teachers. Second, the results showed that workplace telepressure partially mediates the relationship between leader mindfulness and the emotional exhaustion of university teachers. Third, university teacher mindfulness positively moderates the relationship between leader mindfulness and workplace telepressure. Finally, the results of this study indicate that self-efficacy in managing negative emotions negatively moderates the relationship between workplace telepressure and the emotional exhaustion of university teachers. This study empirically examined the interpersonal influence of leader mindfulness and the initial resources effect of university teacher mindfulness and self-efficacy in managing negative emotions from the bilateral perspective of leaders and university teachers.

There is provisional evidence that burnout may be contagious within professional communities via the crossover effect, referring to an inter-individual transmission of stress or strain. However, our understanding of effective means for tackling stressors is scarce. We tested a two-level path model to explore the interrelation between teachers’ proactive self- and co-regulative strategies and experienced burnout. The study sample comprised 1531 Finnish in-service teachers from 75 schools. The results showed that burnout symptoms varied both between individual teachers and between professional communities. Self- and co-regulative strategies serve partly different functions in regulating teacher burnout symptoms. publishedVersion

Although much research has been conducted on workaholism, its crossover effects remain uninvestigated, especially in the context of organizations. Based on the job demands-resources (JD-R) model of burnout and the conservation of resources (COR) theory, we established a dual-path structural model to examine the effects of supervisors&rsquo, workaholism on subordinates&rsquo, turnover intention through two types of job demands (perceived workload and interpersonal conflict) as well as subordinates&rsquo, emotional exhaustion. The results revealed that supervisors&rsquo, workaholism is positively related to subordinates&rsquo, emotional exhaustion through increased perceived workload and interpersonal conflict, which result in subordinates&rsquo, turnover intention. This study has made a contribution to the literature by extending the scope of workaholism research from self-perspective to other-perspective. The findings also have practical implications for organizations and their human resources (HR) practitioners.

Recent evaluations of parent training programs have demonstrated beneficial crossover effects in reducing parental substance use. Because divorce is associated with substance use risk and substance use interferes with effective parenting, parent training programs are critically important for divorced fathers but there are few evidence-based programs tailored to fathers. We tested whether an evidence-based parenting program would exhibit beneficial impact on fathers' substance use and whether these changes were mediated by changes in parenting efficacy. We tested hypotheses in a sample of 426 divorced and separated fathers randomly assigned to the online Fathering through Change (FTC) program or the wait-listed control condition. Models specified as 3-month pre-post analyses of self-reported substance use. The FTC was associated with reductions in total substance use (d = 0.14) and drinking (d = 0.26) but not with reductions in tobacco smoking and marijuana use. Data also supported a significant indirect effect for FTC through pre-post changes in parenting efficacy (d = 0.36). We discuss clinical implications for the integration of parent training within substance use treatment.

Workplace bullying is one of the most relevant social stressors at work. Although previous research has shown its negative consequences for health and well-being, scarce evidence about the short-term consequences of workplace bullying and its crossover effects on the home domain is available. Thus, we conducted a multisource weekly diary study. A sample of 124 employees and their spouses filled a general survey (baseline measures) and a weekly online survey for four consecutive weeks (number of occasions = 992). Multilevel analyses showed that workplace bullying is associated with emotional exhaustion (γ = 0.643, SE = 0.215, t = 2.99, p < .05) and behaviors of social undermining toward the partner (γ = 0.751, SE = 0.187, t = 4.01, p < .01). Furthermore, rumination mediated the relationship between workplace bullying and its potential detrimental consequences for both employees’ well-being (i.e., emotional exhaustion) and interpersonal connections (i.e., partner social undermining). These results shed some light on the mechanisms that can explain both the short-term effects of workplace bullying on employees’ well-being and how such effects go beyond the work setting and can impact the home domain. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.

Drawing on the crossover model and conservation of resources theory, we explore the mechanism through which supervisors' ego depletion induces subordinates' deviant behavior. Using the two-wave survey data from 24 supervisors and their 192 respective subordinates, we found supports for our hypotheses that (a) abusive supervision mediated the effect of supervisors' ego depletion on subordinates' ego depletion; (b) subordinates' ego depletion mediated the effect of abusive supervision on subordinates' deviant behavior; and (c) abusive supervision and subordinates' ego depletion serially mediated the effect of supervisors' ego depletion on subordinates' deviant behavior. Our serial crossover model posits that both ego depletion and unethical behavior can be transmitted from supervisors to subordinates, and that these two crossover processes are entwined with each other. Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical contributions and practical implications.

This research investigates the impact of parents' feelings of fulfillment and joy aroused by their infant and parenthood-referred to as child-related bliss-on their partnership satisfaction in the early period of parenthood between 6 and 24 months postpartum. In addition, the influence of partnership satisfaction during pregnancy and after childbirth on child-related bliss is investigated. Guided by family systems theory, we assumed both parents' child-related bliss to be positively associated with individual (i.e., spillover effects) as well as the spouse's partnership satisfaction (i.e., crossover effects). Longitudinal dyadic data from N = 135 heterosexual couples were analyzed using the actor-partner interdependence model, which takes interdependencies between couples into account. Taken as a set, the findings suggest that fathers' child-related and partnership-related perceptions are more closely linked than is the case for mothers. Fathers' child-related bliss 6 months postpartum positively influenced their partnership satisfaction at that time, and at 12 and 24 months postpartum. For mothers, in contrast, such spillover effects were not detected. Most importantly with respect to interdependencies between couples, the results indicate crossover effects from fathers to mothers, that is, fathers' child-related bliss positively contributed to mothers' partnership satisfaction in the postnatal period. In contrast, mothers' bliss did not influence fathers' partnership satisfaction. The study demonstrates that fathers' parental feelings of fulfillment and bliss contribute to their individual and to mothers' partnership satisfaction. This highlights gender-specific couple dynamics, that is, an influence of fathers' blissful child-related feelings on mothers' partnership satisfaction in the postnatal period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The prevalence of workplace mistreatment toward older adults is well-documented, yet its effects are understudied. We applied the strength and vulnerability integration model (SAVI) to hypothesize that, despite its low intensity, workplace incivility has numerous deleterious outcomes for older employees over time. Specifically, we investigated whether and how incivility relates to well-being outside of work, among both targeted employees and their partners. We drew on affective events theory to examine how incivility “spills over” to older targets’ personal lives. We also tested whether incivility is potent enough to “crossover” to the well-being of older targets’ partners at home. Based on longitudinal data from a national study of older workers (N = 598; 299 couples), results demonstrate that workplace incivility related to decrements in targets’ affective well-being, which in turn, was associated with life dissatisfaction, interference with work, and lower overall health. Workplace incivility also predicted declines in partner well-being, although these crossover effects varied by gender: Men’s postincivility affective well-being predicted their female partners’ life satisfaction but not vice versa. However, women’s uncivil experiences directly related to the affective well-being of their male partners. These results suggest that for both older workers and their partners, the harms of incivility eventually extend beyond the organizations where they originate.

Contains fulltext : 224831.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) Modern technologies can aid working processes as well as provide individuals with an opportunity to connect and form interpersonal relationships. However, they can also create a context for displaced aggression. In this study, we examine whether people experiencing work stressors may engage in online antisocial behavioral as a means of venting their negative emotions. Specifically, we investigate whether experiencing stressors at work fuels anger in the private context and whether this anger triggers subsequent displaced aggression in the form of antisocial online behavior (AOB) throughout the evening. Additionally, we examine the crossover of anger to AOB in couples in their private context. We conducted a diary study amongst 95 dual‐earner couples, twice a day, during five consecutive working days. Results confirmed that men’s daily work stressors spilled over to their private context in the form of anger after work and AOB throughout the evening. No crossover effects were found from their partner. For women, a crossover effect was found of their partner's work stressors and anger on their own AOB. These results demonstrate gender differences in displaced online aggression. 29 p.

This study explored the spillover and crossover associations between satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction in mothers, fathers and adolescent children in dual-earned families. This is a cross-sectional design study with mothers, fathers and children surveyed in Temuco, Chile. The participants were 303 dual-earner parents and their adolescent children (mean age 13.3 years, 51.5% female). Actor-partner Interdependence Model (APIM) and structural equation modeling were used to explore spillover (actor effect) and crossover (partner effect) associations among family members. As a result, fathers’ satisfaction with food-related life was positively associated with their own life satisfaction (p ≤ 0.01), as well as with their partner’s (mother’s) satisfaction with life (p ≤ 0.05), but not with their adolescent child’s life satisfaction (p > 0.1). Mothers and children presented positive spillovers between their own levels of satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction (p ≤ 0.01). No crossover effects were found between mothers and children (p > 0.1). This study results underscore the positive association between satisfaction with food-related life and life satisfaction among members of dual-earner families with adolescent children. Special efforts should be made by dual-earner parents to improve the variables related to their satisfaction with food-related life as well as their children’s satisfaction.

The present study uses Wave 8 of the German Family Panel to test the spillover and crossover effects of work-family conflict on job satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and mental health for individuals (actor effects) as well as their spouses/partners (partner effects) in dual-earning couples. We further contribute by assessing whether the results vary by gender and union type. Results suggest that among married couples, for job satisfaction, there are no gender differences in actor effects (but gender differences in partner effects), and actor and partner effects remain distinct. For relationship satisfaction, there are no gender differences in actor or partner effects, but both effects remain distinct. For mental health, however, there are gender differences in actor effects (but not in partner effects), and both effects remain distinct. Among cohabitors, there are no differences in actor effects by gender, and adding in partner effects does not significantly improve the models predicting all three outcomes. Some results also suggest differences in relationship dynamics between married and cohabiting couples.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of personality on work-home interaction crossover effects among dual-earner couples in South Africa. The participants were dual-earner couples (n = 264; 1...

This study adopted the spillover-crossover model to examine proactive personality as a potential antecedent of marital satisfaction among dual-earner couples in China. We collected data from 241 Chinese dual-earner couples, and found that proactive personality was positively associated with marital satisfaction through increased work-family facilitation and decreased work-family conflict for men. However, the effect of proactive personality on marital satisfaction was complex and overall negative for women. Specifically, proactive personality was positively related to work-family facilitation and work-family conflict, which in turn positively and negative predicted marital satisfaction, respectively. Furthermore, our results showed a direct crossover effect of marital satisfaction between partners, suggesting that the effect of people's proactive personality on their own marital satisfaction might cross over to their spouses. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the effect of proactive personality.

Although the majority of research on adolescents’ online behavior has focused on antisocial behavior such as cyberbullying, adolescents more often behave prosocially than antisocially online. Research on offline prosocial behavior has shown that happiness and prosocial behavior are related. Furthermore, spillover-crossover research suggests that emotional states originating in one context can spill over to another context and can even cross over from one person to another. Therefore, this study examined whether happiness is also related to adolescents’ online prosocial behavior and whether others’ (in this case, parents’) happiness also indirectly, via transmission to adolescents’ own happiness, predicts adolescents’ online prosocial behavior. Via a daily diary method, the associations of adolescents’ own happiness and their parents’ happiness with adolescents’ online prosocial behavior were tested on a daily level. The findings suggest that, on a daily level, happiness creates a ripple effect whereby adolescents and parents take their positive emotional states from school and work home, and adolescents act on their happiness by behaving more prosocially online. The strongest spillover and crossover effects were found for girls and their mothers, evoking questions for future research to understand these gender differences. ispartof: Journal of Happiness Studies vol:20 issue:4 pages:1241-1258 status: published

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct and indirect crossover effects of leaders’ exhaustion on followers’ somatic complaints by testing leaders’ health-oriented behavior toward employees as a possible underlying mechanism. Design/methodology/approach A two-wave online study using data from different sources was conducted. In a sample of 106 leaders and followers, leaders were paired with one or two followers. Leaders rated their level of exhaustion at Time 1, and followers rated their leaders’ health-oriented leadership behavior (i.e. StaffCare behavior) and their own level of somatic complaints three months later (Time 2). Findings Results provided evidence of an indirect crossover effect from leaders’ exhaustion to followers’ somatic complaints through StaffCare behavior. There was no direct crossover effect. Practical implications Findings suggest that organizations should attend to leaders’ health as a means to allow for StaffCare behavior and thus protect employee health. Originality/value StaffCare behavior represents a new concept that focuses on health-related aspects of leadership. This is the first study to take an in-depth look at the question of how this leadership behavior is tied to crossover from leader exhaustion to follower health.

Higher levels of coping motives are associated with higher frequency and quantity of alcohol and marijuana use, and higher levels of stress may exacerbate this association. In this study, we examined whether perceived level of stress moderated the association between coping motives and alcohol and marijuana use in a sample of young adult men. Data came from men who were interviewed at mean age 26 (N = 425) and again at mean age 29 (N = 400). Past year frequency and quantity of drinking and past year frequency of marijuana use were assessed as outcomes. Enhancement motives and race were controlled in the analyses. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that stronger alcohol coping motives were significantly related to greater frequency and quantity of alcohol use at ages 26 and 29 and stronger marijuana coping motives were significantly related to greater frequency of marijuana use at age 26 but not 29. Coping motives at age 26 were not predictive of alcohol or marijuana use at age 29. Enhancement motives attenuated the effects of coping motives concurrently and were significantly related to all substance-specific outcomes at the same wave. Crossover effects from alcohol coping motives to marijuana use and from marijuana coping motives to alcohol use were not significant at ages 26 or 29. Stress did not moderate the effects of coping on any outcome. Although coping motives were significant substance-specific predictors of alcohol and marijuana use in young adulthood, most of these associations were no longer significant once enhancement motives were controlled. Interventions to challenge both enhancement and coping motives are needed for young men throughout young adulthood. DOI: 10.26828/cannabis.2018.01.001

The current daily diary study among 60 dual-earner couples examined whether daily levels of mindfulness at work were associated with both the employees and their partners’ well-being. Based on the spillover-crossover model, we hypothesized that on days when the employees’ state mindfulness at work was higher, it would spill over to the home domain in the form of an increased state happiness at the end of the day and decreased work to family conflict. Furthermore, we hypothesized a crossover of mindfulness at work between the members of the couple, so that the partners of employees who were highly mindful at work would be more satisfied with their relationship. We examined all our hypotheses from a daily, within-person perspective. Participants filled in an online diary survey during five consecutive working days (N = 120 participants and N = 600 occasions). The results of the multilevel analyses showed a spillover effect from the employees’ state mindfulness at work to their state happiness and their spouses’ report of the employees’ work-family conflict. Moreover, we also found a crossover effect between mindfulness at work and spouses’ relationship satisfaction. Finally, results supported a partial mediation model in which daily mindfulness at work was positively related to the daily spouses’ relationship satisfaction and negatively to employees’ spouse-reported work-family conflict through the employees’ daily happiness levels. Therefore, these findings suggest that mindfulness at work influences not only the employee, but also affects the family domain by reducing strain at home and increasing relationship satisfaction.

The current study utilizes a dyadic design with two waves of data collection in 89 same-sex couples (N = 178) to investigate the relationship between sexual orientation disclosure at work and work-family outcomes using the actor partner interdependence model (APIM). Drawing on spillover/crossover theory, conservation of resources theory, and the job demands-resources model (JD-R), we hypothesized that lower levels of sexual orientation disclosure to a supervisor and to coworkers would have a negative impact on both the employee's well-being and subsequently their partner's well-being. Results suggest that an employee's disclosure to a supervisor is positively associated with their partner's family satisfaction and negatively associated with their partner's family interfering with work (FIW). Additionally, an employee's disclosure to their coworkers is positively associated with their partner's family satisfaction. Finally, while no gender differences were observed for crossover effects, we observed two significant gender differences for spillover; first, the negative relationship between disclosure to a supervisor and FIW was stronger for sexual minority women than sexual minority men. Second, at lower levels of disclosure to coworkers, sexual minority men experience lower job satisfaction than sexual minority women, but at higher levels of disclosure to coworkers, sexual minority men and women experience similar levels of job satisfaction. Taken together, findings suggest significant crossover effects regarding sexual orientation disclosure in the workplace for sexual minority employees, paving the way for future research to uncover the spillover mechanisms beyond these findings.

This study examines the role of spousal love for the work-home dynamics that link coworker family support to the work-related creativity of dual earner couples. Relying on the work-home resources m...

Rationale Previous research has indicated that mindfulness can be beneficial both intrapersonally and interpersonally. Although mindfulness has been shown to improve an individual's health, much less is known about whether these health benefits extend to the individual's spouse. Objective The present study aims to establish a crossover model to expound ''how'' and ''why'' mindfulness might be associated with both the individual's and the spouse's general health. Methods In total, 319 married couples in Mainland China participated in a two-wave survey study with a 3-month interval. The hypotheses were tested by Structural Equation Modeling. Results As expected, mindfulness was positively correlated with personal general health through decreases in perceived social undermining. However, mindfulness had an asymmetrical crossover effect on spouses' general health. Whereas wives' mindfulness had significant benefits for husbands' general health, husbands' mindfulness was not a significant protective factor of wives' general health. The benefits of wives' mindfulness on husbands' general health were mediated by the direct crossover of lower perceived social undermining from wives to husbands. Conclusions This study is the first to investigate the relationship between mindfulness and general health at the couple level. Our findings help clarify the benefits of mindfulness on couples' health management from a systemic perspective and provide further support for the crossover theory.

This 5-day daily diary study examined the influence of media use on the spillover and crossover effect of couple conflict among married and dating couples. Couples aged 18–38 years recorded their daily overload, negative mood, couple conflict, media use, flooding, and satisfaction. The results showed negative spillover and crossover effects: individuals reported more negative moods and couple conflict in response to their own and their partners’ increase in daily overload. Following media synchronicity theory, the more synchronous media couples used in conflict, the more they resolved the conflict. In addition, the more couples segmented their channels, the less they flooded and the more they resolved the conflict. The results suggest that dating and married couples might benefit from managing conflict associated with spillover and crossover effects using synchronous channels that are segmented.

Parents’ differential treatment (PDT) is a common family dynamic that has been linked to youth development and well-being, including adjustment problems and poor sibling relationships. Much less is known, however, about the developmental course of PDT and the conditions under which parents treat their children differently in adolescence and young adulthood. This study examined longitudinal changes in mothers’ and fathers’ differential warmth and conflict with their two offspring from early adolescence through young adulthood, and examined parents’ experiences of individual stress (depressive symptoms and role overload) and marital difficulties as time-varying correlates of (changes in) parents’ differential treatment. We also tested crossover effects to determine whether mothers’ experiences of individual stress and marital difficulties were linked to fathers’ differential treatment, and vice versa. Participants were mothers, fathers, and two siblings from 246 Mexican-origin families who were interviewed in their homes on three occasions over eight years. Multilevel models revealed that mothers’ and fathers’ differential conflict with their two children increased until middle adolescence and then declined into young adulthood, but there were no changes over time for parents’ differential warmth. In general, both mothers’ and fathers’ levels of differential treatment were exacerbated by their own experiences of individual stress and marital difficulties and also by the experiences of their spouses. However, in some cases, greater stress than usual was linked to less differential treatment than usual.

This study aims to assess racial differences in subjective wellbeing (SWB) and to examine whether the pathways of social support and social engagement to SWB vary by racial groups in the United States of America. Using a local sample (N = 1,035) and a nationally representative sample of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 7,718), we compared life satisfaction and happiness between non-Hispanic Whites and Blacks aged 55 and over. We evaluated the extent to which race, other socio-demographic characteristics, health, social engagement and social support explained the variances in SWB and examined the moderation effects of race on the relationships of SWB with age, social support and social engagement. Multiple regression analyses showed that non-Hispanic Blacks were at least as satisfied as, and even happier than White peers, after equalising social resources and health variables. Social support was significantly related to SWB, and it seemed that positive support was more important to Whites than to Blacks in predicting life satisfaction. In addition, the racial crossover effect existed, that is, the old-old (80+) Blacks were happier than their White peers. Findings indicate a national trend of the race paradox in SWB and underscore the importance of social support in promoting older adults’ wellbeing. Future research is recommended to investigate other potential mechanisms among Black older Americans to explain their relatively better SWB.

Workplace family support has been regarded as a factor that helps reduce individuals' work to family conflict (WFC). How this support translates into families' functioning is still to be determined. In this study, we used a systems perspective to examine (a) how perceptions of workplace family support affect parental satisfaction and consequently reduce WFC and (b) how the perception of support affects partners' parental satisfaction and WFC in dual-earner couples. A two-wave dyadic data set of dual-earner couples with preschool-aged children (N = 90) was used, and the actor-partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM) was applied. Results showed that controlling for WFC, working hours, number and age of children, mothers' perceptions of workplace family support (time 1) had indirect effects, through mothers' parental satisfaction (time 1), on their own levels of WFC (time 2) as well as on their partners' levels of WFC (time 2). Fathers' perceptions of workplace family support (time 1) had a direct effect on fathers' parental satisfaction (time 1) and on fathers' WFC (time 2). These results suggest that in addition to boosting parental well-being, perceptions of a supportive workplace may help reduce the level of WFC for both direct recipients of support and their partners, in particular when support is experienced by mothers, and when these mothers experience heightened parental satisfaction.

Women are increasingly represented in high status organizational positions. While the advancement of women into high status roles offers them many organizational benefits, the spillover and crossover effects of these high status positions on their marital relationships remain under explored. In this study, we focus on potential costs to the marital relationship when women in high status positions hold higher job status roles than their husbands. First, we examine the spillover effects of wives’ job status relative to their husbands’ on marital instability. We suggest that this relationship is indirect and mediated by negative thoughts and feelings toward their partners’ lower job status (which we refer to as “wives’ status leakage”) and decreased relationship satisfaction. Second, we investigate plausible crossover effects on husbands’ marital instability when wives have higher job status and suggest that husbands’ spousal support can moderate the indirect relationship between wives’ job status and wives’ marital instability. We explored these questions on 209 women in positions of high job status, a sample of 53 matched husband–wife dyads, and 92 of the wives who also completed questionnaires three years later. Full cross-sectional and longitudinal support emerged for the indirect spillover effects of wives’ job status on marital instability of wives, and direct crossover effects on husbands’ marital instability. In addition, the indirect relationship between wives’ job status on marital instability of wives was moderated by instrumental support. Theoretical contributions, practical implications, and future research suggestions are discussed. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1120 .

This study expands upon the contextualization of the work-family interface by examining positive work-family experiences within the farming industry. Both individual and crossover effects were examined among a sample of 217 married farm couples. Results demonstrated multiple significant relationships between self-reported attitudes, work-family enrichment, and health outcomes. In addition, crossover effects reveal the importance of individual attitudes (husband work engagement and wife farm satisfaction) for spousal work-family enrichment and health outcomes. Furthermore, individual work-family enrichment was positively related to spousal psychological health and negatively related to spousal physical symptoms. Many of these findings remained significant after controlling for work-family conflict. Overall, our results suggest the potential beneficial impact of the integrated work-family dynamic associated with the farming profession for positive work-family experiences. Implications of these findings, as well as directions for future research, are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

Drawing on identity theory, this study examined the extent to which the salience (i.e. importance) individuals in dual-earner couples attached to their respective work and family roles determined their partner’s experience of work-to-family (W-F) and family-to-work (F-W) conflict through crossover effects. Using matched surveys, data were collected from a sample of 94 Australian dual-earner couples. Consistent with our predictions, results supported couple-level crossover effects of role salience to influence each partner’s experience of W-F and F-W conflicts. In addition, the impact of crossover effects on W-F and F-W conflicts was found to be more pronounced for women than men. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.