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This study evaluates teacher self-efficacy perceptions among students in the Master’s Degree in Secondary Education and Baccalaureate, Vocational Training, and Language Teaching (MDSE), as well as the variables influencing these perceptions and their connection to the program’s training. The research sheds light on how self-efficacy affects views on concerns, feelings, and attitudes towards diversity and inclusive education in the current educational landscape. Out of 205 female and 100 male MDSE students surveyed, who are either graduates or nearing completion, data were gathered using the “Teacher Education in Secondary Education: Key Elements for Teaching in an Inclusive School for All” (FORPES-IN) questionnaire distributed across Spanish universities. Three primary instruments from the questionnaire were utilized: the Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Short Form (TSES-SF), the Questionnaire for Future Secondary Education Teachers regarding Perceptions of Diversity, and the Revised Scale of Feelings, Attitudes, and Concerns about Inclusive Education (SACIE-R). Findings suggest that the majority of prospective teachers exhibit moderate-to-high levels of self-efficacy. Variables such as non-formal teaching experiences, the reason for joining the MDSE program, and regular interactions with vulnerable individuals, especially in Social and Health Science domains, moderately influence self-efficacy. This study reveals a strong link between the received training and the perceived level of self-efficacy. In particular, participants with higher self-efficacy feel better equipped to handle classroom diversity and rate the MDSE program positively. Areas for enhancement are identified, such as classroom management and diversified assessment strategies. Finally, a positive correlation is observed between high self-efficacy and positive attitudes toward disability, inclusive education principles, and reduced apprehensions about inclusive teaching.

This paper shows the brain correlates of Cloninger’s personality model during the presentation of social scenarios under positive or negative valence situations. Social scenarios were constructed when participants played the Dictator game with two confederates that had two opposites roles as the cooperator (Coop) and non-cooperator (NoCoop). Later the same day during a fMRI scanning session, participants read negative (Neg) and positive (Pos) situations that happened to confederates in the past. Participants were asked to think “how do you think those people felt during that situation?” A dissimilarity matrix between stimuli were obtained from fMRI results. Results shown that Harm Avoidance trait people make use of right middle frontal gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus to discriminate between Coop and NoCoop. Cooperation as a trait makes use of the right superior temporal gyrus and the right precuneus to discriminate between Coop and NoCoop in positive social scenarios. Finally, Self-directedness trait people make use of the right inferior parietal lobe to discriminate between Coop and NoCoop in negative social scenarios and the right precuneus to discriminate between Coop and Strangers. An intuitive link between discrimination findings and behavioral patterns of those personality traits is proposed.

Objective: To analyze the influence of different risk factors on the age at which a stroke occurs. Method: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted including all patients admitted consecutively with ischemic stroke at the University Hospital of Burgos (Spain). Sociodemographic and clinical, parameters were collected, exploring possible association with patient’s age by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: 436 patients were included, with a mean age of 75.39 years (SD ±12.674). The most frequent risk factors were high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. In the case of having a personal history of arterial hypertension (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.49; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.49-4.16), having a sedentary lifestyle (OR 3.24; 95%CI 1.97-5.31) was related with a greater probability that the patient is aged 75 years or older. However, being overweight/obese (OR 0.51; 95%CI 0.30-0.88), being an active smoker (OR 0.47; 95%CI 0.02-0.11) or alcohol consumption (OR 0.42; 95%CI 0.26-0.69) increased the probability of stroke occurrence before 75 years. Conclusion: The age of occurrence of a case is related to the occurrence of certain risk factors, which are determined in the planning of future education campaigns.

Objective: To develop a protocol in thecare of patients with advanced dementiaand feed problems,according to thescientific evidence. Method: A systematic review was carried out, consulting CUIDEN, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCIELO, HEALTH GUIDE and NHS databases as well as protocols of Scientific Societies and Health Centers. The DeCs and MeSH terms related to the objective of the study were used. Studies published in English or Spanish were selected, since 2000, which assessed dysphagia and eating disorders in the person with dementia, with at least the summary available. Results: Nine studies were selected, whose results allowed to develop an action protocol in patients with advanced dementia and feed problems. In the protocol obtained, any intervention in this type of patients should be based on the previous comprehensive geriatric and nutritional assessment. Conclusion: The implementation of the dysphagia and eating disorders protocol in patients with advanced dementia improves their clinical and nutritional status.

This descriptive transversal research studies the relationship between number of falls in the last month and fall risk on one side; and frailty situation in older adults on the other side; through a 194 old institutionalized people sample. Frailty is measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery; previous falls in the last month are measured with the number of events, and fall risk with Downton scale. The results do not show any significant differences in frailty groups related to the number of previous falls in the last month. However, significant differences do exist between frailty groups established in SPPB and fall risk; then, since descriptive results, they show how the arithmetical averages in fall risk increase as the continuum robust-prefrail-frail-dependent advances towards dependency. Concerning differences between groups, it is found that dependent group has got significant differences with all other (p=,001), there are significant differences also in frail-robust (p=,003). In opposition, the relation frail-prefrail and frail-robust do not show any significant differences Results allow the detection of high level fall risk population, which enables early intervention implementations aimed to falls prevention based on differences found between groups.

This descriptive transversal research studies frailty situation in older adults and basic and instrumental activities of daily living relationship through a 194 old institucionalized people sample. Frailty is measured with the Short Physical Performance Battery; basic activities of daily living with Barthel Index and instrumental activities of daily living with Lawton and Brody scale. Descriptive results show how the arithmetical averages in both activities of daily living decrease as the continuum robust-prefrail-frail-dependent advances towards dependency. There are significant differences in all subscales of Short Physical Performance Battery, as well as in Barthel and Lawton and Brody (p,001). Regarding to Barthel and SPPB groups, significant differences among all of them were found (,007p,001), except in the robust-prefrail relation, where differences are not meaningful. Concerning Lawton and Brody, differences are significant (,041p,001); except in fragil-prefrail relation. The differences found between groups allow an early diagnosis and interventions aimed to prevent or reverse the progress towards a dependency situation.

Estudio descriptivo y transversal que pretende estableces la relación de la situación de fragilidad en adultos mayores institucionalizados y la calidad de vida de los mismos en una muestra compuesta por 194 participantes. La fragilidad se mide con la herramienta Short Physical Performance Battery y la calidad de vida con la escala GENCAT; ambas con buenas propiedades psicométricas. Los resultados muestran que existen diferencias significativas entre los grupos de fragilidad en relación a la calidad de vida, tanto en su puntuación total como en cada una de sus subescalas. Además, tomando el valor numérico total de la escala SPPB, aparece una correlación estadísticamente significativa con la puntuación total en calidad de vida y con todas sus subescalas; de forma que, a medida que el estado de fragilidad avanza hacia la dependencia, la calidad de vida disminuye. Los resultados sugieren que, el síndrome de fragilidad, además de tratamientos encaminados a paliar el deterioro físico y funcional de las personas mayores, debería ser abordado igualmente desde las esferas social y emocional.

Investigación transversal y de tipo descriptivo para estudiar la relación entre la situación de fragilidad de las personas mayores institucionalizadasyla presencia de úlceras por presión yel riesgo desufrirlas;en una muestra de 194 participantes. La presencia de úlceras por presión se recoge a través de un registro ad hoc, el riesgo de padecer úlceras por presión se mide con la escala de Norton y la fragilidad se con la herramienta Short Physical Performance Battery; ambos instrumentos con buenas propiedades psicométricas. Los resultados no muestran relación significativa entre los grupos de fragilidad y la presencia de UPP, aunque resulta destacable la no existencia de ninguna persona con úlceras por presión en los grupos de personas robustas y prefrágiles; así, todas las personas que presentan úlceras por presión se catalogan como frágiles (21,4%) o dependientes (78,6%). Sin embargo, sí que existen diferencias significativas entre los grupos de fragilidad que establece el Short Physical Performance Battery y el riesgo de úlceras por presión entre todos los grupos de fragilidad (,060 mayor que p mayor que ,001) excepto en la relación prefrágil-robusto. Además, aparece una correlación positiva entre el riesgo de úlceras por presión y la situación de fragilidad, de forma que a mayor riesgo de UPP, existe mayor situación de fragilidad y/o dependencia. Los resultados obtenidos permiten la detección de la población con mayor riesgo de úlceras por presión, lo que posibilitaría implementar intervenciones precoces encaminadas a la prevención de las mismas en base a las diferencias encontradas entre los grupos.

Los últimos datos aportados por la Comisión Europea señalan que la demencia afecta actualmente a casi cincuenta millones de personas en todo el mundo y que cada año se detectan 7.7 millones de nuevos casos. A día de hoy, el Alzheimer es la demencia más padecida por la población mundial pudiendo constituir en términos relativos el 70% de las demencias. En la actualidad no existen tratamientos farmacológicos que den una respuesta definitiva a este tipo de patologías. Las utilizaciones de terapias no farmacológicas abren un amplio abanico de posibilidades desde el ámbito de la prevención, y de la mejora de la calidad de vida en cuidadores y familiares de enfermos con demencia, básicamente con sintomatología de “sobrecarga”. En este articulo hacemos una revisión sobre investigaciones relacionadas con la “atención plena” ( MF) y de su implementación como estrategias potenciales en el abordaje de este tipo de patologías. Los últimos trabajos aportados con técnicas morfométricas por neuroimagen constituyen un importante avance a la hora de intentar aportar evidencia científica en este campo.

Introduction: Ageing is a natural process which is accompanied by a gradual decline of both functional, cognitive and affective capacities which can make it hard for somebody to lead a normal daily life in a normal way since the performance is influenced and cognitive, sensorial, motor and emotional skills can be altered. Non-pharmacological interventions are very important when it comes to cover the various problems that the elderly present. Snoezelen therapy or multisensorial stimulation is highly relevant for patients with dementia and cognitive damage with the aim of creating interaction between the person, the task and the environment by means of the activation of the various senses, experimenting different types os feelings. Aim: To prove the effect that an occupational therapy intervention has on a Snoezelen environment as a means to boost cognitive, sensorial, motor and emotional skills on patients with minor, moderate and severe cognitive damage and its repercussion on their quality of life. Methodology: It deals with a quasi-experimental study with a pre and post assessment, data are collected by means of MMSE, Barthel and Cornell tools. Results: After carrying out the corresponding statistic analysis, no significative results at a cognitive, affective and functional level were found, except at the affective level where severe damage was found. Discussion: Although this article does not show the effectiveness of the intervention in a Snoezelen environment in a significant way, various studies prove its effectiveness, particulary at a cognitive and behavioural level. Conclusion: The results seem to denote that an intervention in a Snoezelen environment during a short time span does not show any type of repercussion.

The Center where the study is carried out works with the model of care centered on the person, as fundamental objective intends to maintain or improve the operation in several areas of his life, promoting social skills on residents in an individualized manner. The experience is carried out in two nursing of day (one as a control group and one experimental), directed by two occupational therapists and caregivers fixed in each one of them, located in the residence for greater Los Royales. After making an assessment prior to the residents (cognitive, physical, functional, everyday and affective life skills) and knowing their social skills and peculiarities of aging in an individualized manner, the experimental group are given guidelines to their caregivers that develop a small plan of attention focused on the person that enhances your skills and be able to personal autonomy to promote the maintenance of their capabilities and even see if this improvement is experienced in the resident. Results: The experimentation is carried out for three weeks, and then a statistical analysis with nonparametric tests, where notes the effectiveness in different areas.

Introduction: Intellectual disability presents a series of clinical manifestations that affect psychological, emotional, social, and functional level. The Mindfulness aims to change the relationship that people have with daily activities, trying to point them at the present moment. In this way you will know better answers in the Middle, and you will favour emotional regulation, and behavioral. Objective: Demonstrate the effect of applying the Mindfulness technique as a means to improve communication skills and social in people with intellectual disabilities from occupational therapy. Methodology: Type longitudinal, quasi-experimental study. Collected data about the social skills of the users and the facets of the Mindfulness, using the EHS and FFMQ scales respectively. The intervention was carried out with the Mindfulness technique in 8 sessions of 45 minutes. And a sample of 12 users, with an average age of 40 years (DT = ± 8,21307). Results: Were statistically significant improvement in self-expression in social situations and in the beginning of positive interactions with the opposite sex. Conclusions: Scores have improved in all the variables in the post-test, but not all in a meaningful way. Likely to increase the number of sessions would increase the probability of finding more significant results.

This research has been motivated by the need to address the development of a Protocol for The Implementation of NTF in homes for the elderly which will contribute to strength the concept of “patient adherence.” . The economic impact of non- adherence in elderly people is very high and impinges directly on increasing readmissions, hospitalizations, adverse medical outcomes, etc ... This Protocol is a proposal of action under European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP 2016-2018) and is classified as an improvement tool when addressing the principle of complementarily between pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, empowering patients with dementia and their careers, the models of quality services provided to residents, and active communication with the patient, professional, the health personalized itineraries, all assisted by the innovative use of ICT.

Objective: To implement an Occupational Therapy treatment in elderly people with dementia and frailty Method: A longitudinal study of a sample of 23 users, 14 women and 9 men aged between 71 and 92 is performed, the average age 84.66 years, users of a residence, presenting frailty and dementia. Carried out an initial assessment and final tests with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR), participants attend occupational therapy sessions. Statistical analysis: it was performed nonparametric Wilcoxon, Spearman correlation and Mann Whitney U test. Results: We observed that the levels of fragility do not improve, there is no relationship of age with frailty, the level of apathy does not decrease with the intervention, there is no difference in the score of apathy or fragility by sex. Conclusions: the results indicate a maintenance of vital functions on both scales, which can be considered beneficial when dealing with degenerative processes.

The incidence of skull deformity in infants and its relation to some aspects of further development, is a matter of concern to professionals from different areas such as health, psychology, education and the family environment of the patient. To this end, an investigation was conducted with a sample of 38 infants who had cranial deformity from a 18-month longitudinal study carried out in primary care base Burgos Center. Brunet Lezine scale was used to assess the development in some areas. The results showed that those infants who had right cranial deformity, scored lower on the language area of the scale, those who had left cranial deformity. While some caution in the interpretation of results is needed, one could infer that the deformity, the backlash effect of the brain, do not allow the proper expansion of the area of language in these cases. The multidisciplinary treatment and monitoring could also be key to improving the prognosis.

This paper draws the final conclusions of the research carried out over the last two years in the framework of the ERGOnomic WORK places European project ERGO WORK, together with the complementary contributions made by the Association INFAD in relation to the implementation of ergonomic systems in the field of employment and disability. As an innovative tool of this study, highlight the set of recommendations that have already been raised to the European Commission, with the aim of contributing to the improvement goals set in this regard by the EU, in addition to those related to the Spanish State, with direct competence in the same. The philosophy of Design for All has become a key topic of interest in the current national and European context, which, as we will demonstrate, provides concrete solutions so that environments, products, services and systems can be used by as many as possible of people responding to inclusive models and attention to diversity. The research has been carried out through a Consortium of six European countries and ten partners. It has been funded by the European Commission under the Strategic Alliances (Erasmus-LLP). conclusions drawn in this work.

El emprendimiento es una realidad que se nos presenta optimista en cuanto a posibilidades de desarrollo, progreso y bienestar. Las políticas económicas de los países más avanzados animan y promueven acciones para que sus ciudadanos pongan en marcha sus ideas de negocio y generen sus propios puestos de trabajo. En la presente investigación nos centraremos en el aspecto educativo que tradicionalmente se ha vinculado positivamente con el emprendimiento formal. La figura del emprendedor es clave a la hora de generar transformaciones de tipo social y merece la pena acercarse no solo a su visión personal sino también a la percepción que de estos promotores tienen los diferentes grupos de edad. En este sentido, la Universidad de Burgos a través del Programa Interuniversitario de la Experiencia y en el marco de la formación para personas mayores, pone en marcha acciones concretas para conocer las necesidades, experiencias y expectativas de los mayores universitarios en relación con el emprendimiento. Consideramos de gran importancia que la Universidad, como institución de larga trayectoria en el campo del saber, apoye los procesos de emprendimiento con todos los recursos a su alcance, entre ellos, el gran capital humano que no solo se encuentra entre su profesorado o personal, sino también en sus aulas, principalmente en las de las personas mayores. Mostramos en la presente investigación los resultados iniciales del estudio cualitativo implementado a través de un grupo de discusión en el que los mayores han dialogado sobre el concepto de emprendimiento, motivos, ayudas, formación y competencias. Los resultados nos servirán de base para futuras propuestas e intervenciones.