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Nyeri haid merupakan permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada seorang perempuan Banyak wanita yang mengalami masalah menstruasi, di antaranya adalah nyeri saat menstruasi yang dikenal dengan dismenore. Dismenore mempengaruhi 40% sampai 70% dari wanita usia reproduksi dan merupakan salah satu penyebab yang paling sering untuk absen sekolah. Penelitian di Amerika Serikat, dismenore adalah penyebab paling utama ketidakhadiran berulang disekolah. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa remaja dengan dismenore mengalami penurunan pada prestasi akademis, sosial dan kegiatan olahraga.Kegiatan pengabdian yang dilaksanakan melalui kegiatan webinar dengan metode ceramah. Pengabdian tentang pemberdayaan remaja putri dalam mengatasi Dismenore di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 dengan peserta 37 remaja mahasiswi Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan AKBIDYO. Kegiatan diadakan pada hari minggu, tanggal 18 Juli 2021 yang disajikan melalui webinar zoom meeting, karena sedang dalam masa Pemberlakukan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM). Kegiatan dapat dilaksanakan dengan lancar. Kesimpulan yang didapat: Pengetahuan remaja peserta webinar mengalami peningkatan 4,17%. Pengetahuan remaja peserta webinar terbanyak dalam kategori baik dengan nilai saat pre 79,16% dan saat post sebesar 83,33%. Saran bagi remaja setelah mendapatkan informasi tentang dismenore dan cara mengatasinya diharapkan terjadi perubahan sikap dan perilaku lebih siap dalam menghadapi dismenore dan bagi Pembicara membuat webinar terjadwal dan terstruktur yang terus berfokus pada remaja dengan melihat riset dan isu terkini.

Los hábitos de estudio se encuentran influidos por una compleja interacción de procesos que incluyen el condicionamiento, las costumbres, la cultura y la motivación. Un estudiante que está motivado constantemente estará dispuesto a invertir tiempo en su tarea de aprender. Por lo tanto, es fundamental que los estudiantes durante su proceso de formación tengan hábitos y motivaciones para culminar con éxito su instrucción, en especial en el nivel universitario que es en donde existe un mayor nivel de deserción y reprobación. El objetivo principal de esta investigación, es analizar los hábitos de estudio y motivación para el aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios de tres carreras de la Facultad de Ciencia Sociales: Pedagogía de la actividad física y deportiva, Pedagogía de las ciencias experimentales y Pedagogía de idiomas nacionales y extranjeros de la Universidad Técnica de Machala, y a su vez constatar si existen diferencias significativas entre estas en cada uno de los hábitos y motivación para el aprendizaje, a través de técnicas estadísticas descriptivas (frecuencia absoluta y relativa) e inferencial (ANOVA). Acompañadas de un proceso metodológico con enfoque cuantitativo y alcance descriptivo, de corte transversal no experimental. Los principales resultados manifiestan que la mayor cantidad de estudiantes que presentan un mejor nivel –aunque no estadísticamente significativo- en la mayor parte de los hábitos de estudio y motivación, son los que provienen de la carrera pedagogía de la actividad física y deportiva.

Resumo Objetivo Realizar a tradução e adaptação cultural para o português do Brasil do Children's Physical Activity Questionnaire. Métodos O processo envolveu as etapas de tradução, síntese, retrotradução, e revisão pelo grupo de tradução. Foi então criada uma versão pré-final e, posteriormente, a versão final do questionário. Resultados Devido ao estilo de vida da população, oito atividades descritas no questionário foram mudadas com o objetivo de adaptá-lo à cultura brasileira, sendo seis atividades esportivas e duas atividades de lazer. Oito pais/responsáveis responderam o questionário no pré-teste, com rapidez, sem inconsistências, e sem relatar dificuldades no entendimento quando realizada a entrevista final. Conclusão A tradução e adaptação cultural do Children's Physical Activity Questionnaire para o português do Brasil resultou na versão C-PAQ.PT.

mean, standard deviation, percentage, the Seberman Brown equation, Gitman equation, and the Alpha Kronbach coefficient . The researcher concluded several conclusions: The research aims to: - To identify the level of teaching staff in activating school sport activities from the sport education teachers point of view . The descriptive approach was used in the survey method. The study sample (85) teachers from the teachers of sports education in the Directorate of Education of Ninawa and for obtaining the data a questionnaire was designed and applied after the availability of the scientific conditions in it of validity and stability. The data were treated statistically through the arithmetic 1- The teaching staff have a positive level of collaboration in activating classroom activity . 2- The teaching staff have an effective level of cooperation in the Scouting sport activity by participating in the selection and selection of students and their role in encouraging staff students to practice Scouting. 3- The teaching bodies have shown a moderate interest in the internal and external athletic activity of secondary schools . The researcher recommended several recommendations : 1- urge the teaching staff to continue , follow up and to hang on their distinguished role in activating all school sports activities. 2- Finding a scientific and objective mechanism for the implementation of school sport activities, which would allow for greater attention and support by educational staff and school departments. 3-Making Similar study in primary and middle- schools

Soccer is one of the sports activities, where stereotypes against women are still quite common. Also, participation is lower for women in a male-stereotyped sport. One possible explanation might be...

It is established that biorhythmological factors of the human body represent a scientific problem, as they can significantly affect the functional state and sports results of athletes. Objective. Develop methodological approaches to the hygienic diagnosis of chronotypes and chronotypological features in female athletes. Methods. Theoretical analysis of scientific literature: generalization, synthesis, formalization, abstraction. Results. Methodological approaches to hygienic diagnostics of chronotypes in female athletes (morning, day, evening) and their chronotypological features (degree of manifestation), determination of biorhythmological adaptation to circadian biorhythms (high, medium and insufficient), including under conditions of high physical loads have been developed. They include determination of chronotypes and their chronotypological features in female athletes using a special questionnaire that takes into account the peculiarities of sports activity and that to determine the degree of intensity of the mechanisms of biorhythmological adaptation, including in conditions of high physical loads using questionnaires, analysis of phase architectonics and synchrony of circadian biorhythms of heart contractions and body temperature to determine the state of biorhythmological adaptation. The results indicate that the developed approaches can be tested in research. Кeywords: female athletes, hygienic diagnosis, chronotype, chronotypological features, biorhythms, biorhythmological adaptation.

This research was motivated by the conditions of the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia and changing the education system from face to face to online. This is coupled with the number of campus activities and online assignments, especially for students of the 2017 PJKR study program at PGRI Semarang University. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical activity of students of the PJKR study program at PGRI Semarang University during the pandemic. This research uses survey research with descriptive analysis method with percentage technique. The sampling technique used is the Simple Random Sampling technique. The results of this study, according to the description of the data and the discussion studied by the researcher, are that the 2017 PJKR PGRI Semarang University students are aware and consider it important to carry out physical sports activities during this pandemic. This is evidenced because on average they do various types of sports, jogging is the most popular choice. Suggestions that can be given are in the form of collaboration between lecturers and students to work together in socializing related to breaking the chain of the spread of Covid-19 through the role of student education in their families and the environment around their respective homes or villages.

The Olympic values are the sports' spiritual power, which is incomprehensible and secret to many people, but can make sense of time, restore dignity and change the athlete's personality. “The important thing in the Olympic Games is not the triumph but the struggle, the essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well”, says the French educator and historian known as the father of the modern Olympic Games, Charles Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin. The noble spirit of this idea hides power and can become an ideal for anyone who wants to change himself/herself and the world around him/her. The time of technology, that we live in, represents a challenge of a healthy, educational and socio-cultural nature. The COVID-19 surprise blocked many activities and completely changed the world of sports and the physical activity of modern people. New issues and difficulties emerged, the great need for personal and family responsibility was felt, and spiritual, purely human values appeared. This article describes how teachers in physical education and sports found a landmark, solution and support in the idea of the Olympic movement and implemented it as an alternative in sports activities with young people and sports classes.

La actividad deportiva tiene un papel importante e insustituible en la adolescencia, ya que su práctica regular no sólo protege a las personas contra las enfermedades no transmisibles, sino que también contribuye a una mejor calidad de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el tipo de regulación de las motivaciones y los motivos para la realización de actividad física que presentan los estudiantes en función de la variable sexo. Participaron un total de 170 estudiantes universitarios del primer curso del Grado de Maestro, el 35.3% hombres (n= 60) y el 64.7% mujeres (n= 110), con una media de edad de 20.02±2.55. Respondieron al Cuestionario de Regulación de la Conducta en el Ejercicio (BREQ-3) y al Cuestionario de Medida de los motivos de Actividad Física Revisada (MPAM-R). Los resultados revelan diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables regulación intrínseca (U= 1418.5; p

This study determined the behavior in sports activity of student-athletes of Lyceum of the Philippines University, Cavite. Specifically, the study sought answers to the following questions: What is the status of profile of student-athletes of the Lyceum of the Philippines University, Cavite in terms of; age; sex; gender; sports event? What is the level of behavior of students-athlete in terms of: physical activity; emotional Behavior; social activity; psychological? What is the level of sports activity in terms of: training; coaching; tune up games; competition? Is the demographic profile of the student athletes has a significant effect in the sports activity? Is the behavior of the student has a significant effect in the sports activity? In order to conduct this study, letters was sent to Ms. Kimberly Joy E. Alcaraz OIC Head, Research and Publications Office and the University Headmaster, Mr. Mhar Angelo A. Bayot asking permission and approval to conduct the study. Permission from the OIC Head, Research and Publications Office and university headmaster for each department. Preparation of self-made questionnaire by the researcher followed in order to obtain the necessary data on the behavior in sports activity amidst pandemic of student-athletes of Lyceum of the Philippines University, Cavite. The respondents of the study included approximately fifty (50) student-athletes of different event enrolled in the Lyceum of the Philippines University, Cavite. The copies were multiples and others sent by the google form considering the health protocols. The main source of data which prepared by the researcher were statistically use a simple descriptive statistic such as T-test formula and the weighted mean to determine the mean level to know the behavior in sports activity amidst pandemic of student-athletes of Lyceum of the Philippines, Cavite. readiness of the student-athletes to the new normal sports competition participated by the Cavite.

Atlet merupakan orang yang melakukan kegiatan olahraga secara terpogram, terukur dan tercatat untuk mencapai prestasi. Prestasi merupakan hasil yang dicapai seseorang sampai pada batas kemampuannya. Untuk memperoleh prestasi olahraga yang tinggi maka seluruh aspek baik kondisi fisik, teknik, taktik dan mental dilatih dan dipogram secara sistematis dan terencana. Perkembangan mental atlet seringkali kurang terjamah dan kurang terlatih secara terencana sebagaimana aspek lainnya sehingga atlet kurang mampu mengelola permasalahan yang dihadapinya yang dapat menganggu pencapaian prestasinya. Konseling dapat membantu atlet dalam mengelola permasalahnnya dengan baik dan membantu dalam pencapaian prestasi secara optimal. Arah dari pelayanan konseling dalam olahraga meliputi kesiapan mental atlet, motivasi dan penampilan puncak. Konseling akan dilakukan dengan metaati asas kerahasiaan, kesukarelaan dan keterbukaan, kemandirian, kekinian dan kenormatifan. Dengan layanan konseling maka keunikan, potensi serta setiap persoalan yang menghambat berkembangnya prestasi atlet dapat diminalisir sehingga prestasi atlet dapat dicapai secara optimal.

It is well known that participation in various physical sports activities contributes to the physical, psychological and emotional development of students, as well as their ability to socialize. A large part of students who come at university from other cities and have an increased need to socialize and build new groups of friends, especially in the first years of study, can use sports activities as a method of socialization. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how university students socialize through physical activities and sports. Using the method of quantitative research, the technique of administering questionnaires through sociological survey, we conducted a study with students from the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, in the 2019-2020 academic year, with 594 of participants. The results of the study can help young people to use participation in various physical sports activities as an opportunity to socialize, meet other people and make new friends.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of high school students’ athletic commitment, health promotion education, and lifelong sports activities. To this end, the researcher searched for research subjects of 397 high school students residing in Seoul in 2019. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions were drawn. First, the effect of exercise commitment on sports health promotion education was investigated. Looking at the activities of high school students, their commitment to behavior has had a profound impact on their health responsibilities and relationships. Second, the study also investigated the impact of athletic commitment to lifelong sports of sports activities in high school students and found that cognitive and behavioral commitment had a significant impact on lifelong sports. Finally, as a result of investigating the impact of health promotion education on lifelong sports of high school student sports activities, it was found that health responsibility and relationships have a great influence on lifelong sports.

BACKGROUND: Talents are the basis of all development and comprehensive strength of a country. As college students who are about to contact the society, their mental health and social adaptability are the most critical factors for their entry into society. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, this study explores the correlation of exercise style to mental health and social adaptability of college students. METHODS: Based on the sample processing of college students in 4 universities in a city, 1,000 students are selected for research on the correlation of exercise style to mental health and social adaptability. In addition, the impacts of college students participating in sports activities on their mental health and social adaptability are analyzed. RESULTS: When the duration of a single sports activity is 30–60 min, the mental health of students reaches optimal. On the contrary, when the duration of a single sports activity exceeds 90 min, the mental health of students is low. This indicates that the more students participate in sports activities, the stronger the social adaptability is. When the intensity of sports activities for students is moderate, the average scores of interpersonal communication ability of students are the highest. When the duration of a single sports activity is 60–90 min, the average scores of living adaptability of students are the highest. If students keep the appropriate duration and intensity of sports activities, their social adaptability will be improved notably. CONCLUSION: The social adaptability of students is related to the number of times they participate in sports activities, the duration of a single sports activity, and the intensity of sports activities. However, while exercising, students should plan the duration of sports activities to avoid excessively prolonged exercise time. In addition, students should beware their exercise intensity of sports activities. The optimal choice of exercise intensity is moderate or slightly tired.

Badminton sport coaching which tends to be instant causes a gap between athletes' achievements in Sijunjung Regency and sports activities for potential athletes of elementary school age. It takes a program that can socialize badminton among elementary school students that is able to foster interest and motivation to play badminton and form a coaching forum into the badminton coaching club. The integrated Shuttle Time program is an effort to socialize and increase interest in playing badminton in elementary school students in general in Sijunjung Regency. The partner in this activity is the Sijunjung Regency Sports Facilities Association (ISORI). The key to implementing badminton with Shuttle Time is to provide badminton lessons that are cheaper, more interesting, fun and safe for elementary school students. The method used in this activity is through several stages, namely the first stage of direct field observation and coordination with related parties in this activity. The second stage provides Shuttle Time training for elementary school sports teachers and the third stage the teacher implements the shuttle time for students. The result of this activity is that the training activities will be carried out for 3 days and the teacher will get provisions in implementing this shuttle time in learning badminton in class hours and extracurricular development activities

In Morocco, physical education (PE) in primary school is justified by its contribution to the integral formation of children. It has a positive impact on the development of the personality of those who invest in it. This is the reason why PE is included as a separate subject in the curricula of the different levels of the primary cycle. However, several factors minimise the effect of practising PE in schools and make it difficult for PE to make a real contribution to the development of children's personalities.This article therefore sets out to show that in the absence of rational programming, qualified physical educators and suitable and sufficient material conditions, PE cannot claim to make a real contribution to the development of children's personality.

In the age of modern and advanced technology, it is observed that sedentarism is characteristic to occupy a wide spectrum of the population from children to the elderly. As for children, they are no longer active when we talk about physical activity both during school hours, but especially in their free time. In this context, the school must encourage the active participation of students in physical activities during the classes included in the school curriculum and after, by offering an attractive variety of extracurricular sports aimed at motivating students, especially those in primary school.

The aim of the current research is to identify the reasons for the sizes of the university student to practice sports activities, and to measure the level of sizes and feet of the university students, and the limits of the research were limited to female students at the University of Baghdad for the academic year 2019-2020, and sports activities were defined as: Various activities carried out by the student under the supervision of trainers in the college, such as football, volleyball, tennis, table, arena and field. Based on the above and the importance of sports activities in building the human being physically, mentally and psychologically, and to meet some of the values and practices that are outdated and intersect with the principles of contemporary life. By using scientific research tools and scientific statistical methods on a sample of 250 female students, it was found that the first reason is conflict with prevailing customs and traditions that prevent the student's freedom from exercising her right to sport.

Introducción. El desarrollo psicomotriz del niño resulta esencial para su progreso en la práctica de las actividades físico-deportivas, sin embargo, para concretar resultados favorables se deben considerar diferentes aspectos. Objetivo. Reflexionar en torno a la relación entre desarrollo psicomotriz y la práctica de actividades físicas deportivas en edades tempranas. Metodología. La metodología seguida fue descriptiva, documental, basada en la RSL (Revisión Sistemática de Literatura). La utilización de métodos teóricos favoreció la indagación, revisión y análisis de la información documental precedente, ubicada en 37 fuentes de diferentes bases de datos; todas relacionadas con el tema objeto de estudio. Resultados. 1. La relación que se da entre desarrollo psicomotriz y potencial alcanzado para la práctica de actividades físicas deportivas resulta evidente. Mientras mayor sea la estimulación psicomotriz recibida en las edades tempranas mejor será el desempeño del niño en las actividades físicas deportivas. 2. El desarrollo psicomotriz transita por varias etapas, las cuales deben ser respetadas y estimuladas mediante actividades lúdicas para potenciar el pleno desarrollo infantil. 3. Todo programa físico- deportivo en esta etapa debe considerar la dosificación, cargas, intensidad, sexo, edad y tipo de actividades a realizar 4. No existe un criterio único en la comunidad científica respecto a las ventajas o perjuicios de la iniciación temprana a la práctica de actividades físicas deportivas, independientemente a esto sí se establece la estrecha relación entre desarrollo psicomotriz óptimo y mejoras perceptibles en la práctica de actividades físicas deportivas en edades tempranas. Conclusiones. Coincidiéndose con el posicionamiento teórico y científico preliminar queda sustentada la estrecha relación entre desarrollo psicomotriz del niño y el potencial favorable para la práctica de actividades físicas-deportivas. Un desarrollo psicomotriz óptimo, propicia mejoras perceptibles para la práctica de actividades físicas deportivas en edades tempranas, resultando necesario respetar las etapas evolutivas del desarrollo infantil para potenciar su máximo desempeño.

Обоснование. Массовая самоизоляция в период пандемии COVID-19 оказала существенное влияние на спортивную деятельность, и как следствие, на психологическое здоровье спортсменов. Основные последствия для психологического здоровья спортсменов связаны в первую очередь с психосоматическими и психоэмоциональными расстройствами. Цель исследования состояла в выявлении особенностей психологического здоровья спортсменов в период пандемии COVID-2019. Материалы и методы. Выборку составили 419 спортсменов в возрасте от 18 до 30 лет, проживающих в различных регионах России. Исследование проводилось с использованием специально разработанной анкеты, включающей вопросы об особенностях организации тренировочного процесса в период пандемии, о дальнейших спортивных планах, о психосоматических и психоэмоциональных особенностях, вызванных вследствие отмены спортивных тренировок и соревнований. Также использовалась стандартизированная методика «Самочувствие, активность, настроение – САН» (В.А. Доскин, Н.А. Лаврентьева, В.Б. Шарай и М.П. Мирошников). Результаты. Проведенное исследование выявило закономерность, состоящую в том, что поддержка оптимальной физической формы в период пандемии COVID-19 позволяет предупреждать негативные психосоматические и психоэмоциональные проявления, обеспечивая субъективное ощущение благоприятного физиологического и психологического состояния. Адаптивный копинг принятия спортсменами ситуации и самоконтроля прямо коррелирует с поддержкой оптимальной физической формы в период пандемии COVID-19 и, как следствие, с позитивными спортивными планами. Заключение. Полученные результаты подтверждают, что поддержание регулярной физической активности является важной профилактической стратегией для физического и психологического здоровья во время вынужденной самоизоляции.

La iniciación deportiva se desarrolla en una encrucijada de intereses deportivos, pedagógicos y psicológicos. La monitorización del deporte escolar requiere la construcción de una disciplina formativa que subraya los valores promovidos en los que se forma el escolar. Este estudio tiene por interés describir las coordenadas en las que se establece la disciplina en el fútbol, en tanto que uno de los deportes escolares por excelencia, y las implicaciones que tiene para el joven deportista. Se utiliza un diseño de investigación observacional participante, en el que participan 10 equipos de fútbol prebenjamín durante dos cursos escolares. Sobre los resultados emergen cinco categorías cualitativas: respeto a una autoridad, compromiso con una actividad, rutinas preparatorias, fisura en el aprendizaje por pares y modelado de conducta. En ellas se observan divergencias entre el sentido coercitivo del ejercicio del liderazgo de algunos entrenadores y el aprendizaje que los escolares construyen en su interacción. Las familias consolidan las rutinas preparatorias de la actividad. El estudio concluye con la reflexión que confluye intereses formativos de la actividad deportiva, su valor formativo y coherencia interna.

This research aims to know the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on sports activities of village residents of Suka Negeri at the age of 17-25 years. This research was conducted in Suka Negeri village in Lebong district. With this the type of research used is qualitative and the design used is a narrative design to describe the lives of individuals, collect and tell information about the lives of individuals, and report narrative about their experiences. The population in this study amounted to 60 people, the sampling in this study was carried out by purposive sampling technique, which is a sampling technique based on certain criteria or with certain judgments. The data collection technique in this study is to use a questionnaire. The questionnaire was used to obtain data about the effect of Covid 19 on sports activities among residents of the Village of Suka Negeri, Lebong Regency, ages 17 to 25 years. In the analysis of the questionnaire data, the calculation results obtained show that the number of residents who carry out sports activities with high intensity is 36 people or 60%, while the number of residents who carry out sports activities with moderate intensity is 17 people or 28%, while the number of residents who carry out activities low exercise is as much as 7 people or 12%. Then the analysis of the questionnaire data shows that there is an influence of Covid 19 on sports activities in Suka Negeri Village residents, this can be seen from the number of Suka Negeri villagers who do the most sports activities, namely at very high intervals.

"ABSTRACT. Introduction: In this article, our aim is to examine the main reasons that lead university students to practice less and less physical sports activities. Objective: Identifying the differences that may exist between students who were enrolled at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, in the academic year 2011-2012, and those who were enrolled in the academic year 2019-2020, regarding the reasons that determine them to reduce the time allocated to physical sports activities. Methods: To find out why the level of participation of university students in various physical sport activities is very low, and tends to decrease from year to year, we conducted two studies, the first one in the 2011-2012 academic year (n=880 participants), and the second one, in the academic year 2019-2020 (n=594 participants), and we compared the results obtained. Results: The results of the study show the reasons for today’s short time allocated by students to physical activities and the reasons why they are too busy to play sports. The findings indicate that the main reason why students of the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca practice less and less physical sports activities is because they are busier. The overloaded program from university is the main cause why some students have reduced the time allocated to sports activities. Other important factors are the lack of energy and the lack of sport facilities. Conclusions: Increasing educational requirements and reduced leisure time, justify a decrease in students’ interest in participating in extracurricular sports activities. To increase the motivation and future sport adherence of students, it would be necessary for universities and local public authorities to provide a motivational climate for practicing physical activities and sport."

Resumen Introducción. La relevancia de la educación en la sociedad actual es evidente, por ello, es de vital importancia conocer la percepción de los diversos actores que interactúan en esta, en particular, la del estudiantado sobre las metodologías y contenidos que ofrece el profesorado es determinante en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Objetivo. Conocer la percepción que reportan estudiantes de tres centros educativos de la región de Valparaíso (Chile), en relación con la satisfacción por las actividades deportivas, la clase de educación física y la función del personal docente. Metodología. Se utilizó una escala de 12 ítems agrupadas en tres dimensiones. Se aplicó una escala de percepción a una muestra compuesta de 660 estudiantes de 7º (NB5) y 8º (NB6) de Enseñanza General Básica, pertenecientes a tres centros educativos chilenos (municipal, subvencionado y particular). Resultados. Se comprueba que las variables sexo y centro de escolarización influyen significativamente en la percepción del estudiantado sobre la asignatura. Conclusión. Estos resultados buscan mejorar las actuaciones de los diferentes agentes participantes en el proceso educativo, destinados a la mejora de la percepción del estudiantado con el fin de reforzar hábitos deportivos y de vida saludable. Abstract Introduction. The relevance of education in today’s society is evident; therefore, it is of vital importance to know the perception of the various actors that interact in it, in particular, the perception of students about the methodologies and contents offered by the teacher is a determining factor in the teaching-learning process. Objective. To know the students’ perception from three educational centers of the Valparaíso Region (Chile) in relation to the satisfaction with sports activities, the Physical Education class, and the teacher’s role. Methodology. A scale of 12 items grouped in three dimensions was used. A perception scale was applied to a sample of 660 students of 7th (NB5) and 8th (NB6) grades of General Basic Education, belonging to three Chilean educational establishments (municipal, subsidized, and private schools). Results. It is proved that the variables sex and schooling center significantly influence the students’ perception of the subject. Conclusion. These results seek to improve the actions of the different agents involved in the educational process, aimed at improving students’ perception in order to reinforce sports and healthy lifestyle habits. Resumo Introdução. A relevância da educação na sociedade atual é evidente, portanto, é de vital importância conhecer a percepção dos vários atores que nela interagem, em particular, a percepção de estudantes sobre as metodologias e conteúdos oferecidos pelo corpo docente é crucial no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Objetivo. Conhecer a percepção relatada por estudantes de três centros educativos da Região de Valparaíso (Chile), em relação à satisfação das atividades desportivas, a aula de Educação Física e do papel do professor. Metodologia. Foi utilizada uma escala de 12 itens agrupados em três dimensões. Também foi aplicada uma escala de percepção a uma amostra de 660 estudantes do 7º (NB5) e 8º (NB6) ano do Ensino Básico Geral, pertencentes a três instituições de ensino chilenos (municipais, subsidiados e privados). Resultados. Está provado que as variáveis sexo e centro escolar têm uma influência significativa na percepção dos estudantes sobre a matéria. Conclusão. Estes resultados procuram contribuir com as ações dos diferentes agentes envolvidos no processo educativo, objetivando melhorar a percepção dos estudantes, a fim de reforçar os hábitos desportivos e de vida saudável.

Kant stated that education is to develop a sound mind in a sound body. Following a descriptive survey in a quantitative framework, the current study aimed to analyze the perception of students at Khyber Pakhtunkhwa about the availability of sports facilities and their utilization. A multi-stage sample of 300 students was taken from12 urban Secondary schools of district Peshawar. A questionnaire was used for the collection of quantitative data having five-point Likert scales. Kruskale Wallace H test and Mann-Whitney U test were used as inferential statistics for finding the differences in the groups. The study found that most of the secondary school students participated in sports activities. The majority of schools were having sports facilities, however, fewer students were having sports facilities outside their schools. It was suggested that if students are provided with proper sports facilities and proper guidelines, it will have a significant impact on their physical development and academic achievements.

Introducción: El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad es una condición que se asocia a inatención, hiperactividad e impulsividad y puede persistir hasta la edad adulta incidiendo en el deterioro social, académico y funcional. El ejercicio físico ha demostrado ser favorable para generar cambios positivos en la persona que padece cualquier enfermedad, mejorando así su calidad de vida. Sin embargo, los juegos deportivos no tienen un consenso como herramienta terapéutica en este trastorno. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el efecto de los juegos pre deportivos en niños y adolescentes entre 5 y 18 años con trastornos de déficit atencional e hiperactividad, en la impulsividad, inatención, hiperactividad y autocontrol a través de una revisión a la literatura. Metodología: Se realizó una búsqueda en distintas bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, WoS y Scielo (artículos en inglés y español) con las palabras clave ("Child" OR "Adolescent") AND ("Sport") AND ("attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity" OR "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder"). Se incluyeron artículos desde el año 2010 hasta el 2020 y se realizó con fecha 10 de diciembre del 2020. Resultados: De un total de 392 artículos encontrados en las bases de datos, sólo cinco artículos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y de exclusión, de los cuales tres artículos muestran mejoras en el comportamiento social, dos muestran mejoras en la agresividad, mientras que en la variable de hiperactividad, un artículo mostró mejoras significativas mientras que otro no. Conclusión: Las actividades físico deportivas colectivos o grupales, proporcionan beneficios a los estudiantes que padecen Trastorno de déficit atención e hiperactividad. Abstract: Introduction: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity is a disorder associated with inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity and can persist into adulthood, affecting social, academic and functional deterioration. Physical exercise has proven to be favorable for generating positive changes in the person suffering from any disease, thus improving their quality of life. However, sports games do not have a consensus as a therapeutic tool in this disorder. Objective: The objective of this research is to determine the effect of pre-sport games in children and adolescents between 5 and 18 years old with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity on impulsivity, inattention, hyperactivity and self-control through a review of the literature. Methodology: A search was carried out in different databases PubMed, Scopus, WoS and Scielo (articles in English and Spanish) with the keywords ('Child' OR 'Adolescent') AND ('Sport') AND ('attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity 'OR' Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder '). Articles were included from 2010 to 2020 and it was carried out on December 10, 2020. Results: Out of a total of 392 articles found in the databases, only five articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which three articles show improvements in social behavior, two show improvements in aggressiveness, while in the variable of hyperactivity, one article showed significant improvements while another did not. Conclusion: Individual or group physical sports activities provide benefits to students who suffer from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Recently, Intense training in specialized sport among colleges and universities has steadily improved. Although most sportspeople accept that some degree of expertise in sport is required to achieve the elite stage, there is controversy over risk recognition and identification of sports activities in colleges and universities to optimize future performance. There is concern that a young athlete can suffer from sports specialization before adolescence due to various risk factors such as injuries, social tension, and hypertension etc..,. Furthermore, PubMed and OVID are looking to discuss sports specialization and athlete experience-based consensus opinions and position statements based on Universities and Colleges. Risk recognition and identification tools are developed to identify the locations of athletes within the specialization spectrum using Linear Structural Modeling (LSM). Here, a degree of sports expertise is needed to create elite skill levels to overcome risk factors that have been suggested in the linear model. In most sports, though, such accelerated preparation should be deferred until late adolescence to reduce risk factors. The psychological burden has been analyzed for recognition, and classification based on the case study has been firmly researched in this paper.

Gender stereotypes are intertwined in relations in society, reflect gender differences, and consolidate traditional gender roles. The concept of gender stereotype means the ability of a person to generally assess the relationships of people in the world and is the basis for inferences and uncritical conclusions. The positive function of stereotypes is the person will be able to react quickly to the changes even with limited data. The process of cognition is a reflection of objective reality, in which stereotypes often have a conservative effect. They form erroneous knowledge and ideas, which negatively affect the processes of interpersonal interaction.

Diversos são os aspectos que envolvem a prática esportiva, como as regras, a interação com outros participantes, o ambiente, os materiais utilizados, em muitos a torcida que está presente e o foco da pesquisa, que é a influência dos pais e familiares. Este último responsável por fazer parte do primeiro contexto social de nossas vidas, considerando tanto para o cenário esportivo quanto o social. Desta forma o trabalho buscou em publicações científicas identificar os fatores de interferência externa na prática de atividades esportivas, principalmente na relação parental. Foi utilizado o percurso de pesquisa bibliográfica, sendo desenvolvido por material já elaborado, como livros e artigos científicos, adotando-se do caráter qualitativo para análise e reflexão dos dados, prezou-se pela seleção e análise de trabalhos na língua portuguesa e língua inglesa. Através da análise dos dados foi possível destacar os principais fatores emocionais e psicológicos que envolvem o relacionamento entre pais e atletas, discutindo o papel da psicologia do esporte, rendimento esportivo e a sua prática, apontando as principais alternativas que melhoram essa relação parental no esporte. Portando foi possível aumentar os níveis de compreensão para os diversos aspectos psicológicos de influência externa que podem interferência no comportamento durante a prática de atividades esportivas e também em sociedade.

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على: مستوي رأس المال النفسي لدي طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بدولة الکويت. مستوي التوجه نحو التفوق الرياضي لدي طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بدولة الکويت. العلاقة بين رأس المال النفسي، والتوجه نحو التفوق الرياضي. استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي المسحي بخطواته وإجراءاته وذلک لمناسبته لطبيعة هذا البحث. تم اختيار عينة البحث بالطريقة العشوائية قوامها (90) طالبا بالمرحلة الثانوية بدولة الکويت وتم تقسمهم إلى (60) طالبا لإجراء الدراسة الأساسية، (30) طالبا من مجتمع البحث ومن خارج عينة الدراسة الأساسية لإجراء الدراسة الاستطلاعية. وأبرز ما توصلت إليه الدراسة من نتائج: أن ممارسة أي نشاط رياضي من وجهة النظر السيکولوجية تحتاج إلى کثير من المتطلبات النفسية حتى يتمکن الطالب من الاستجابة الصحيحة للمواقف المتغيرة أثناء ممارسة النشاط الرياضي. أنه امتلاک الأفراد إلي رأس المال النفسي الإيجابي يتأثر بالعوامل البيئية الخاصة بالفرد فکلما توافرت البيئة الثقافية والاجتماعية الملائمة کلما زاد امتلاک الأفراد لرأس المال النفسي الإيجابي. توجد علاقة ارتباطية دالة إحصائيا بين رأس المال النفسي، التوجه نحو التفوق الرياضي لدى طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بدولة الکويت. The present research aimed to identify the level of psychological capital of high school students in the State of Kuwait. The level of attitude towards sports excellence among high school students in the State of Kuwait. The correlation between psychological capital and the attitude towards sports excellence. The researcher made use of the descriptive survey method taking into account its steps and procedures due to its relevance to the nature of the research. The research sample was chosen randomly consisting of (90) high school students in the State of Kuwait, and they were divided into (60) students to participate in the basic study, and (30) students from the research community and apart from the basic study sample to participate in the exploratory study. The most prominent results of the study revealed that the practice of any sporting activity from a psychological point of view needs many psychological requirements in order for the student to properly respond to the changing situations during the practice of sports activity. Individuals’ possession of positive psychological capital is affected by the individual’s environmental factors. The more appropriate cultural and social environment is available, the greater the individual’s ownership of positive psychological capital. There was a statistically significant correlation between psychological capital and the attitude towards sports excellence among secondary school students in the State of Kuwait.

The problem of organizing health-related Physical Education classes with people of pre-retirement age is considered in the article. It is proposed to give classes on the basis of a cluster form of organization of the process to increase the efficiency of physical exercises. Materials and methods. In order to determine the effectiveness of the developed program of health related exercises a study was carried out. It was performed on the basis of institutions doing physical education and sports activities in the city of Tobolsk for 9 months, 10 men aged 57-62 and 10 women 52 -57 years old took part in the experiment on the voluntary basis. Analysis, questioning, methods of functional diagnostics, methods of mathematical statistics were used as research methods. Research results. According to the results, it was found out that 58% of the respondents who took part in the study expressed a desire to use various types of health-improving activities. According to the testing data, the implementation of the proposed program made it possible to stabilize the activity of the cardiovascular system; to reduce body weight at a significant level (P ≤ 0,05) (by 5,5% - men and by 5,8% - women) and increase overall performance indicators by an average of 4,5%. Conclusions. In the course of the study the effectiveness of the cluster form of organizing health-improving physical education classes with people of pre-retirement age was proved. The developed program of health-improving exercises had a positive effect on the normalization of body weight and the functioning of the cardiovascular system. It increased the performance of the participants of the experiment and contributed to an increase in interest and motivation for physical exercises, strengthening of health and well-being.