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This study aimed to investigate and understand the experiences and feelings lived by people with an ICD. Qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 16 patients, during the annual follow-up. A hermeneutical analysis of the interviews was carried out to identify the themes. Four main themes were classified: “My heart falls asleep,” highlighting a reduced awareness of the pathology and ICD installation; “But what is this thing. . .?” underlining the lack of information and fears related to the device and its functioning; “I cannot hug the microwave” which describes the changes brought about by the surgery; “And with this one I am alright for the rest of my life”, involving hopes and life expectations. This study highlighted the patients’ need for major support from health professionals while processing their new life conditions.

Background: Horizontal violence, defined in the literature as ‘interpersonal conflict between two nurses at the same hierarchical levels in organizations’, often associated with bullying, affects the well-being of nurses, care recipients and the professional image of nursing and the organization due to increased turnover. One in every three newly graduated nurses is a victim of horizontal violence, although they do not always know how to define it. Aim: To investigate the direct and indirect experiences of horizontal violence in newly graduated nurses as well as to shed light on the phenomenon, on its awareness and recognition. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted between September and October 2018 with newly graduated nurses, with a work experience ranging between 6 months and 3 years. The interviews were conducted face-to-face, consisting of a first open general question, followed by semi-structured questions. Ethical considerations: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Institution Review Board. Results: From the analysis of the interviews of the 21 participants, four main themes were identified: the ‘enemies’, that is those who exercised violence, the ‘weapons’ used by them to exercise violence, the ‘effects’ and the types of ‘armor’ identified to protect themselves. Discussion: Horizontal violence is rarely recognized by newly graduated nurses, even though our sample had directly or indirectly experienced horizontal violence. Tackling the phenomenon starting from the undergraduate degree courses, focusing on effective support and more protection by the organization leaders were the silent requests that emerged from this study. Conclusion: Preventing horizontal violence is important for nurses’ professional and private well-being, for professional conduct and for the quality of care provided to patients.

Scopo: Il presente lavoro ha lo scopo di diffondere la corrispondenza inerente la prigionia di infermieri italiani richiamati alle armi durante la seconda guerra mondiale. Si e voluto conoscere se la professione ne avesse influenzato le condizioni e la liberazione.Metodo: Sono stati analizzati 88 fascicoli personali d'infermieri civili in servizio nell' Ospedale Maggiore di Milano e inviati al fronte nel periodo compreso tra il 1940 e il 1945. I documenti sono stati reperiti nell'archivio storico dell'ospedale milanese dal dicembre 2011 al gennaio 2013. Per l'analisi delle fonti e stato applicato il metodo di ricerca storica secondo Chabod (2012) e per ogni infermiere recluso si e selezionata la presentazione di una lettera olografa originale.Risultati: Si e scoperta la corrispondenza inviata alla famiglia di 4 prigionieri. Dalla trama emerge, oltre all'amore per la Patria e la liberti , il tentativo di rassicurare i propri cari. Si sono inoltre ritrovate istanze inviate dall'amministrazione ospedaliera all'esercito germanico per richiederne il rilascio. A seguito di una di queste, un infermiere e stato liberato.Conclusioni: Il presente contributo delinea come l'essere infermieri di un Ospedale negli anni della seconda guerra mondiale avesse influito sulle condizioni di internamento. Molto vi e ancora da ricercare per restituire la memoria dell'apporto determinato dalla professione in un periodo drammatico della storia del nostro paese.Parole chiave: infermieri, prigionia, seconda guerra mondiale Italian male nurses called to arms in World War II: the letters of the years of imprisonmentAim: During the Second World War the male staff of assistance in the Italia hospitals was called to arms.This work concerns the letters sent by the male nurses who were captured by the Germans and put in prison. The aim is to know whether their profession had somehow affected their living condition in jail and had favoured their release or not.Method: 88 personal files of nurses on duty in Ospedale Maggiore and sent to the front during the period between 1940 and 1945 have been studied. The documents are kept in the historical archive of the Ospedale Maggiore of Milan and the research covered the period from December to January 2013. The sources have been analyzed according to Chabod's method of historical research (2012). 4 prisoners have been found among the 88 files of soldiers and handwritten letter has been selected for each one.Results: These letters the attempt of the prisoners to reassure their loved ones emerges. Moreover, in the files of the prisoners' formal request for their release sent by hospital board were found. As a result one of the prisoners was released.Conclusions:This paper suggests that the fact of being a nurse in a hospital influenced the conditions during tha period of captivity. Much is still to be found to shed light on a dramatic period of our country and to restore the memory of the contribution given by the profession.Keywords: male nurses, imprisonment, World War II.