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Although organizations increasingly offer wellness programs that enable employees to work out before or during work, it remains unknown what implications physical activity before or during the workday might have for work outcomes. Whereas a workout might be rewarding, especially for those who enjoy exercise, working out might also be draining, especially for those who are less intrinsically motivated to exercise. Integrating the Work-Home Resources model with self-determination theory, we develop and test theory which identifies how physical activity before the end of the workday might exert countervailing effects by impeding work focus through drained personal resources (i.e., ego depletion), while also improving work focus via enhanced personal resources (i.e., self-efficacy). We further theorized that motivation for exercise-whether it is intrinsically or extrinsically motivated-serves as a cross-level moderator of these relations. In a 5-day experience sampling study tracking 74 regularly exercising employees with Fitbit activity monitors, results indicated that physical activity was not significantly related to ego depletion. However, we found that light physical activity was positively related to self-efficacy and self-efficacy positively related to work focus (as rated by coworkers). Further, vigorous physical activity only resulted in better work focus among employees with an intrinsic (vs. extrinsic) motivation for exercise. Finally, moderate physical activity resulted in better work focus via self-efficacy among extrinsically motivated exercises, whereas this relation was negative for intrinsically motivated exercisers. Combined, our results highlight that physical activity can improve work focus when there is a match between physical activity intensity and exercise motivation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Recent work on bullying perpetration includes the hypothesis that bullying carries an evolutionary advantage for perpetrators in terms of health and reproductive success. We tested this hypothesis in the National Child Development Study (n = 4998 male, n = 4831 female), British Cohort Study 1970 (n = 4261 male, n = 4432 female), and TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey (n = 486 male, n = 521 female), where bullying was assessed in adolescence (NCDS, BCS70: age 16, TRAILS: age 14) and outcomes in adulthood. Partial support for the evolutionary hypothesis was found as bullies had more children in NCDS and engaged in sexual intercourse earlier in TRAILS. In contrast, bullies reported worse health in NCDS and BCS70.

How do thoughts arise, unfold, and change over time? Are the contents and dynamics of everyday thought rooted in conceptual associations within one's semantic networks? To address these questions, we developed the Free Association Semantic task (FAST), whereby participants generate dynamic chains of conceptual associations in response to seed words that vary in valence. Ninety-four adults from a community sample completed the FAST task and additionally described and rated six of their most frequently occurring everyday thoughts. Text analysis and valence ratings revealed similarities in thematic and affective content between FAST concept chains and recurrent autobiographical thoughts. Dynamic analyses revealed that individuals higher in rumination were more strongly attracted to negative conceptual spaces and more likely to remain there longer. Overall, these findings provide quantitative evidence that conceptual associations may act as a semantic scaffold for more complex everyday thoughts, and that more negative and less dynamic conceptual associations in ruminative individuals mirror maladaptive repetitive thoughts in daily life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

This research proposes the construct of Communication Patterns of adolescents' emotional distress (CPAED) between adolescents and their parents, describing situations in which open or defective dialog about adolescents' emotions following distressful events are formed between adolescents and their parents. By addressing adolescents' perceptions of CPAED in adolescents and their mothers, we developed a valid and reliable scale to assess the hypothesized CPAED theoretical framework. Factor analyses in Study 1 (EFA; N = 257, Mage = 15.66 years old, SD = 0.35) and Study 2 (CFA; initial N = 684; Mage = 14.08, SD = 0.45) suggested three factors: a) Active and Reactive Emotion Sharing (ARES), referring to adolescents' active sharing of emotion or reactive sharing in the face of maternal inquiry; b) Lack of Solicitation by mothers (LS), tracking mothers' avoidance of communication; and c) Lack of Response by adolescents (LR), describing adolescents' avoidance of communication even when asked by mothers. Moreover, Study 2 documented that CPAED were linked to maternal emotion socialization practices (i.e., emotion expressivity and responses to adolescents' negative emotions) and adolescents' negative emotion expression. Study 2 found that ARES predicted decreased emotional distress in adolescents, whereas LS and LR predicted increased emotional distress accordingly; and the three factors of CPAED incrementally predicted adolescents' emotional distress over and beyond other theoretically relevant predictors.

This article covers recent research activities in educational psychology that have an interdisciplinary emphasis and that accommodate twenty-first-century skills in addition to the traditional foundations of literacy, numeracy, science, reasoning (problem-solving), and academic subject matter. We emphasize digital technologies because they are capable of tracking learning data in rich detail and reliably delivering interventions that are tailored to individual learners in particular sociocultural contexts. This is a departure from inflexible pedagogical approaches that previously have been routinely adopted in most classrooms and other contexts of instruction with no precise record of learning and instructional activities. A good design of educational technology embraces the principles of learning science, identifies the basic types of learning that are needed, implements relevant technological affordances, and accommodates feedback from different stakeholders. This article covers research in literacy, collaborative problem-solving, motivation, emotion, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) areas. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

We study the educational choices of children of immigrants in a tracked school system. We first show that immigrants in Italy enroll disproportionately into vocational high schools, as opposed to technical and academically-oriented high schools, compared to natives of similar ability. The gap is greater for male students and it mirrors an analogous differential in grade retention. We then estimate the impact of a large-scale, randomized intervention providing tutoring and career counseling to high-ability immigrant students. Male treated students increase their probability of enrolling into the high track to the same level of natives, also closing the gap in terms of grade retention. There are no significant effects on immigrant girls, who exhibit similar choices and performance as native ones in absence of the intervention. Increases in academic motivation and changes in teachers’ recommendation regarding high school choice explain a sizable portion of the effect, while the effect of increases in cognitive skills is negligible. Finally, we find positive spillovers on immigrant classmates of treated students, while there is no effect on native classmates.

This study explores the relationship between parental educational similarity – educational concordance (homogamy) or discordance (heterogamy) – and children’s health outcomes. Its contribution is threefold. First and foremost, I use longitudinal data on children’s health outcomes tracking children from age 1 to 15, thus being able to assess whether the relationship changes at key life-course and developmental stages of children. This is an important addition to the relevant literature, where the focus is solely on outcomes at birth. Second, I look at different health outcomes, namely height-for-age (HFA) and BMI-for-age (BFA) z-scores, alongside their dichotomized counterparts, stunting and thinness. Third, I conduct the same set of analyses in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam, thus providing multi-context evidence from countries at different levels of development and with different socio-economic characteristics and gender dynamics. Results reveal important heterogeneity across contexts. In Ethiopia and India, parental educational homogamy is associated with worse health outcomes in infancy and childhood, while associations are positive in Peru and, foremost, Vietnam. Complementary estimates from matching techniques show that these associations tend to fade after age 1, except in Vietnam, where the positive relationship persists through adolescence, thus supporting the homogamy-benefit hypothesis not only at birth, but also across the early life course. Insights from this study contribute to the inequality debate on the intergenerational transmission of advantage and disadvantage and shed additional light on the relationship between early-life conditions and later-life outcomes in critical periods of children’s lives.

This study investigated whether patterns of religious change from early to middle adulthood is associated with patterns of change in filial norms from midlife to later life. Tracking change across 45 years of the adult life span, we link developmental processes occurring at two stages of life using midlife as the point of inflection. Respondents consisted of 436 individuals in the Baby Boom generation who participated in the Longitudinal Study of Generations from Waves 1 (1971) to 9 (2016). We conducted latent class and latent transition analysis to identify religious classes and their transitions over several decades, and latent growth curve modeling to identify change in filial norms. We identified three religiosity classes in Waves 1 and 5-strongly religious, weakly religious, and moderately religious-and five patterns of religious transitions. These transitions were then used to predict change in filial norms between Waves 5 and 9. Respondents who remained weakly religious from early to mid-adulthood reported weaker filial norms in midlife, compared to those who became more religious, and declined more rapidly in their strength of filial norms after middle age. Those who stayed weakly religious also declined more rapidly post-middle age. Our findings link dynamics in religiosity and filial norms across disparate stages of the adult life span and suggest that religious orientations earlier in adulthood are linked to filial norms at time of life when responsibilities for eldercare become a concern for one's parents as well as oneself. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

We evaluated a pedagogical agent that coaches collaborative problem solving by tracking student participation and comparing students' individual and group solutions. The software coach encourages negotiation when differences are detected between solutions, and encourages participation in other ways. Evaluations based on expert judgment and on students' behavior shows that the quality of the advice was good and that the coach helped guide the collaborative session, although specific areas for improvement were identified.

OBJECTIVE We examined accuracy and bias in people's perceptions of their romantic partner's daily social control attempts of daily health behaviours and how misperceptions of partner daily social control are related to both partners' daily experiences. DESIGN 106 cohabiting couples from the community reported on their own and their partner's daily social control attempts (i.e., persuasion, pressure) and their daily experiences (i.e., positive and negative affect, autonomy, relationship satisfaction) across 14 consecutive days (N = 2377 reports). Multilevel path models examined tracking accuracy, projection, and mean-level bias in perceptions of partner health social control attempts, and associations between mean-level bias and daily experiences. RESULTS Perceptions of provider influence contained significant tracking accuracy, projection, and mean-level accuracy in provider use of social control. Underperceptions of persuasion were associated with negative outcomes for the perceiver and no outcomes for the provider. Overperceptions of persuasion were associated with negative outcomes for providers and marginally higher positive affect for perceivers. Misperceptions of pressure were associated with negative outcomes for both perceivers and providers. CONCLUSION Results suggest that social control may have the most benefit and least harm to both partners when people accurately perceive the mean-levels of such influence attempts on their health behaviours.

Teacher feedback can be useful in helping English as Foreign Language (EFL) students revise their draft writing. Investigating how EFL students respond to various types of teacher feedback in draft...

Introduction Globally, supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) are known to be a major strategy for attainment of the global measles elimination goal of less than one measles case per million population within a geographic area by the year 2020. Adequate planning is critical to the success of a vaccination campaign. To achieve a quality SIA implementation for effective interruption of measles transmission, the World Health Organization introduced the SIA Readiness Assessment Tool, which includes the readiness dashboard. It is a strategic planning tool used to ensure critical activities are completed before SIAs. Nigeria implemented a phased measles SIA in 2017/2018 and used the readiness assessment tool in the planning for the campaign. In this article, we report the use of the readiness assessment dashboard in the 2017/2018 measles SIA, we also reviewed its contributions to the outcome of the campaign looking at the post campaign coverage survey results for the states. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of the readiness assessment dashboard used during the 2017/2018 measles vaccination campaign in Nigeria. The readiness dashboard tool was designed using Microsoft Excel 2016. We reported results in frequencies and proportions using charts and tables. Results The states with 100% readiness a week prior to the campaign scored a post campaign coverage survey result of 84.6 – 96.5% with just one out of the eight states in this category getting a score below 90%. In the same vein, of the eight states that their readiness score at one week to the campaign was below 85%, six had post campaign coverage survey score of less than 90% with the highest score in this category being 92.3%. Some states with good readiness scores also had poor post campaign coverage survey which has been attributed to other factors other than readiness. Conclusion The readiness assessment dashboard for the measles vaccination campaign provided a platform for tracking states readiness. It is our view that a link between readiness assessment and coverage should be examined in future studies.

Mobile apps can only increase access to alcohol treatment if patients actively engage with them. Peers may be able to facilitate such engagement by providing supportive accountability and instruction and encouragement for app use. We developed a protocol for peers to support engagement in the Stand Down app for unhealthy alcohol use in veterans and tested the acceptability and utility of the protocol. Thirty-one veteran primary care patients who screened positive for unhealthy alcohol use and were not currently in addiction treatment were given access to Stand Down for four weeks and concurrently received weekly phone support from a Department of Veterans Affairs peer specialist to facilitate engagement with the app. App usage was extracted daily, and pre/post treatment assessments measured changes in drinking patterns, via the Timeline Followback interview, and satisfaction with care, via quantitative and qualitative approaches. A priori benchmarks for acceptability were surpassed: time spent in the app (M = 93.89 min, SD = 92.1), days of app use (M = 14.05, SD = 8.0), and number of daily interviews completed for tracking progress toward a drinking goal (M = 12.64, SD = 9.7). Global satisfaction, per the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, was high (M = 26.4 out of 32, SD = 4.5). Pre to post, total standard drinks in the prior 30 days (MPre = 142.7, MPost = 85.6), Drinks Per Drinking Day (MPre = 5.4, MPost = 4.0), and Percent Heavy Drinking Days (MPre = 35.3%, MPost = 20.1%) decreased significantly (ps < .05). Findings indicate that Peer-Supported Stand Down is highly acceptable to veteran primary care patients and may help reduce drinking in this population. A larger controlled trial of this intervention is warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

This research focuses on the production and creation of educational materials for Arabic vocabulary learning using Augmented Reality Technology, namely ARabic-Kafa, which can support both teachers and students. The Marker Based Tracking tool is used in this Augmented Reality application. This method was employed because it can read objects and then display 3-dimensional (3D) virtual objects. The first step in resolving this issue is to create animations through the blender application, choose the image to be utilised as a Marker, and finally, export it to Vuforia to form an Augmented Reality app. The mobile app of Augmented Reality-based educational media is the product of this research. A series of testing were employed and a minimum distance for displaying a 3D object is 10 cm, and the minimum angle 30° to 90° to view 3D objects. The rotation marker's output effectively shows every aspect of the 3D object. Furthermore, the audio pronunciations can be played effortlessly.

During the training process, nurse students acquire knowledge, skills and competencies to work with different groups of patients. Working with elderly people has its difficulties and specificities. The acquisition of practical skills by students for planning and documenting individual health care for the elderly people is a process in which teachers and mentors have a leading role. Objectives: To identify the factors which make it difficult for nurse students to work with elderly people. Methods: The study involved 52 3rd year nurse students – from the Faculty of Medicine of Trakia University in Bulgaria. A questionnaire was used, including open-ended and closed-ended questions, allowing more than one answer. The data was processed mathematically and graphically. Results: The main difficulties for students in working with the elderly people are as follows: the process of communication (92.16%), difficult perception of new information (80.64%) and memory impairment in the elderly patient (61.44%); The main difficulties related to the organization of activity - insufficient experience in working with geriatric patients (92.16%); insufficient time for communication with patients (94.08%); lack of comfort in the patient's home (57.60%); a "Diary for tracking and self-monitoring of the condition" of an elderly person - it is very useful for 90.24% of students so that they can monitor the condition of the elderly person; It was found that 65.28% of students do not want to work with elderly people, as 46.09% of them indicate the motive for this as mental strain. Conclusion: The teacher and the mentor are leading figures in preparing students to work with elderly people. The practical preparation for planning and documenting individual health care for elderly people is very important in the training process of nurse students.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States are stigmatized for their same-sex practices, which can lead to risky sexual behavior, potentiating risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Improved measurement is necessary for accurately reporting and mitigating sexual behavior stigma. We added 13 sexual behavior stigma items to local surveys administered in 2017 at 9 sites in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National HIV Behavioral Surveillance system, which uses venue-based, time-sampling procedures to survey cisgender MSM in US Census Metropolitan Statistical Areas. We performed exploratory factor analytical procedures on site-specific (Baltimore, Maryland; Denver, Colorado; Detroit, Michigan; Houston, Texas; Nassau-Suffolk, New York; Portland, Oregon; Los Angeles, California; San Diego, California; and Virginia Beach-Norfolk, Virginia) and pooled responses to the survey items. A 3-factor solution—“stigma from family” (α = 0.70), “anticipated health-care stigma” (α = 0.75), and “general social stigma” (α = 0.66)—best fitted the pooled data and was the best-fitting solution across sites. Findings demonstrate that MSM across the United States experience sexual behavior stigma similarly. The results reflect the programmatic utility of enhanced stigma measurement, including tracking trends in stigma over time, making regional comparisons of stigma burden, and supporting evaluation of stigma-mitigation interventions among MSM across the United States.

Összefoglaló. Ebben a cikkben Magyarországon elsőként vizsgálom a kognitív készségek szerepét a felsőoktatási végzettség megtérülésében. Az adatok a KRTK Adatbank Kapcsolt Államigazgatási Paneladatbázisából származnak (Sebők 2019). Az adatforrás lehetővé teszi a különböző államigazgatási adatbázisok együttes vizsgálatát a magyar lakosság 50%-os mintáján. Az elemzésben a 2008-ban 10. osztályos középiskolások kompetenciaeredményeit mint a korai kognitív készségek proxy változóját használom a hosszú távú diplomás pályakövetéses vizsgálatomban. A tanulmányban az oktatás hozamszámítási megközelítései közül a kereseti függvények módszerét alkalmazom. Summary. This paper investigates the role of cognitive skills in the return to higher education (HE) in Hungary. It makes use of linked Hungarian administrative data, which contains labor market and educational information of about 50 percent of the Hungarian population, for the period of 2003 and 2017 (Sebők 2019). The estimates are focused on the early carrier path of HE graduates who completed their National Assessment of Basic Competencies 10th class tests in 2008. The paper uses Mincer-type regression models with the test scores as the the proxy variables of cognitive skills.

Background Dual tasking, or the ability to executing two tasks simultaneously, has been used in recent research to predict cognitive impairments, physical frailty, and has been linked with cognitive frailty in old adults. Aim This study aimed to determine age-related variables can predict dual-task (DT) performance in the older population. Methods A total of 258 healthy community-dwelling participants + 60 years were assessed in relation to their functional capacity, health, well-being, social support and years of education. Performance of a cognitive (Fluency) task and a cognitive–motor (Tracking) task was recorded under single and DT conditions. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out for each dependent variable, in separate models including cognitive, functional and psychosocial variables. Results Performance in Fluency in DT conditions was predicted by cognitive variables, whereas performance in Tracking DT conditions was predicted by positive interaction, health status, age and motor variables. Discussion The findings suggest that a wide range of cognitive, psychological, social, physical and functional variables influence cognitive and motor performance in aging. Conclusion DT methodology is sensitive to different age-related changes and could be related to frailty conditions in aging.

Levels of distress, which include stress, depression, and anxiety, are often heightened during the final year of secondary school and have been linked to major examinations that occur during this time period. However, relatively little is known about how these symptoms change over the course of the year or what moderates symptom severity. Using a longitudinal survey design, we tracked student outcomes and potential moderators (i.e., gender, test anxiety, self-efficacy, connectedness with peers, school and family, perceived use of fear appeals by teachers) associated with stress, depression, and anxiety once per term (i.e., 4 times total) over the final year of high school in seven Australian high schools. We hypothesised that student symptoms would increase over time and that symptom severity would be moderated by individual and environmental factors. Six hundred and thirty-eight unique students (M age = 16.95 years, SD = 0.56, range = 15–18 years, female = 474 [74.29%]) participated in at least one of the four surveys administered during each term of the final year of high school. Linear mixed models indicated that stress (d = 0.2) and anxiety (d = 1.7) increased over time. When all potential moderators of distress were entered into the full model, gender, test anxiety, emotional self-efficacy, and peer connectedness were all significant unique predictors of stress. Similar patterns were found for symptoms of depression and anxiety. Time 3 stress was predicted by unique variance in baseline stress, higher test anxiety, and academic self-efficacy. Overall distress increased over time and was moderated by gender, as well as by test anxiety, self-efficacy, and peer connectedness, which are areas that can then be targeted by interventions designed to maintain distress at optimum levels for wellbeing and academic performance.

Persons with dementia (PWD) often experience difficulty navigating their environments and performing out-of-home activities. Life-space mobility (LSM) is an effective way of assessing functional levels and independence. We present a dyadic case study to explore the feasibility of using a global positioning system (GPS) watch to measure LSM of a Latino PWD. Methods included travel diary, LSM questionnaire, and qualitative interviews in addition to the GPS–based mobility characterization. GPS data indicated that the PWD made outdoor trips regularly and was active socially, with day-to-day variations. Caregiver and PWD interviews revealed contextual information about mobility patterns captured by other methods. The dyad had positive perceptions of the GPS watch for tracking health and activities. This study demonstrated a use for wearable location tracking technology to support accurate LSM assessment in dementia that can inform nursing practice, policy, and research to promote well-being and delay functional deterioration in PWD. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47 (10), 15–22.]

We used the truth and bias model to examine changes in tracking accuracy and under/overestimation (directional bias) on therapists' judgments about clients' satisfaction. We examined 3 factors of clinical experience that could moderate accuracy: (a) overall level of acquaintanceship with a client, operationalized as treatment length (i.e., less or more time seeing a client), (b) time point in therapy with a specific client, operationalized as session number (i.e., earlier or later in treatment with a client), and (c) order (1st client seen, 2nd client seen . . . last client seen across two years of training in a psychology clinic) in which clients were seen. We conducted a three-level hierarchical linear modeling using data on 6054 sessions, nested in 284 adult clients, nested in 41 doctoral student therapists providing open-ended psychodynamic individual psychotherapy. We found that therapists were able to accurately track client-rated session evaluations with less underestimation (i.e., lower tendency to estimate that clients were less satisfied than they actually were) as they gained experience (both treatment length and client order). Furthermore, therapists exhibited greater tracking accuracy gains over the span of shorter treatments and when working with clients earlier in their clinical training. In longer treatments and with clients seen later in training, tracking accuracy was stable and consistent. Implications for research and practice are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The present article investigates the relationship between the degree of tracking and inequalities in reading literacy of second-generation and non-immigrant students in 28 Western countries. The article takes into account that next to between-school tracking, there are also more subtle forms of tracking, such as tracking within schools or classes. By elaborating how the distinct mechanisms of different tracking characteristics generate achievement inequalities, I assume that any negative effects of tracking on second-generation immigrant students’ achievements are primarily driven by differences in the quality of school environments. Data from the Programme for International Student Assessment 2018 are used and multilevel regression analysis with country-fixed effects are applied. The findings reveal that a higher tracking degree is related to substantial disadvantages in reading literacy for immigrant children. Furthermore, a higher immigrant concentration in schools is associated with immigrant inequalities in reading performance as the degree of tracking increases, whereas unequal distributions of teacher and instructional quality were found to generate inequalities in countries with less tracking. Even though the results are only partly in line with the theory of tracking influences on immigrant achievement disadvantages, they suggest that the interplay between institutional tracking and school characteristics are crucial for learning inequalities.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the elements of wayfinding in indoor complex healthcare environments. Background: The study replicates Ghamari and Pati’s 2018 study to identify the environmental attributes that attract eye fixation during wayfinding by objectively tracking eye movements and fixation as healthy subjects navigate through a complex, unfamiliar indoor healthcare setting. The study addressed what do people look at while navigating in unfamiliar healthcare environments? What are the relative time periods of eye fixations on different visual environmental elements of the healthcare-designed environments? And what role do visual environmental attributes in healthcare facilities, such as configuration, color, art, directories, maps, furniture, and so on, play during the wayfinding process. Method: Twenty-four adults in different genders and various age groups participated in this study and navigated five routes with different degrees of difficulty. The sequence of the destinations in this study was randomized. The data were collected by tracking gaze fixations while human subjects navigated an indoor complex healthcare environment. Results: The findings show that identifying signs (29.1%), informative signs (20.8%), and architectural features (11.3%) constituted the most frequent elements attracting gaze, substantially more than the other classes of information. Four types of signage (identifying signs, informative signs, directional, and safety/regulatory signs) were accounted for 62.3% of the total gaze fixation time. Conclusions: The comparison of the ordered list based on frequencies and time of eye fixations on various elements developed in Ghamari and Pati’s study shows a vast degree of similarities.

The number of people living with Alzheimer’s and related dementias is increasing worldwide. Much of the care that persons with dementia receive is from informal, family care partners, and solutions that help support the dyad are needed. The purpose of this study was to design and test the feasibility of an application that can track behavior and provide reminders for persons with cognitive impairment or dementia and their care partners. Participants (N=20) included ten family care partners and ten persons with mild cognitive impairment. Participants engaged in a presentation of the application user interface (UI) and accompanying care reports that aggregate data collected by the software. Reactions to the UI and care reports were generally positive, with most participants expressing they would find the application useful. Qualitative themes were identified based on improving the application and care reports’ usability. Overall, results support utilizing this technology to facilitate aging in place and reduce care partner strain.

The online environment created strenuous and barriers for language learners in higher education. It essentially has an impact on the learning progress and achievements individually. The study’s purposes are to explore and establish the online language learners’ anxiety in Learning Management System (LMS) Moodle. The Explanatory mixed methods of linear temporal order were employed to the 221 participants or respondents from four higher education and university in the South Jakarta area. The questioner was adopted from the Foreign Language Virtual Classroom Anxiety Scale as FLVCAS, and the semi-structured interview was adjusted to identify a better perspective with open-ended questions. Data analysis of this study revealed that learning classification of the contradictions of language learning online progress, including interaction anxiety, agitation of dismissive communicative assessment, the examination of anxiety, and the Anxiety of English for Foreign Language purposes-lesson material. Meanwhile, feature LMS Moodle’s specifical anxiety determined learning content, general interface, progress tracking feature, quiz, and assignment feature. Although, there are much integrating technology and language pedagogy and internet-correlated anxieties studies. Educational performance’s online characteristics became dominant to English learning, specifically LMS Moodle in higher education.

The ‘Google Classroom’ is one of the technologies used for the teaching and learning process. This paper explores the possibilities of how Google Classroom may be brought into use by educators for the effective teaching-learning process. The study’s main objectives are to understand ‘Google Classroom’ technology and find out the use of Google Classroom by the educators of India particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The study is quantitative research in nature. The data collected through Google form contains 18 questions. A sample of 1050 educators was collected to know the usage of Google classroom in the teaching-learning process. The result indicated that most of the respondents are using Google Classroom for teaching purposes which is good in terms of Ease of access, perceived usefulness, tracking the progress of students, communication and interaction between the teachers and the students. Results also show the effective use of google classroom by the librarians to provide e-library services to their users when physical access to libraries is not available. The study recommends that the Google Classroom may be used to enhance quality in imparting teaching and learning activities at all levels of education, especially during the Pandemic.

In 2015, all 193 member states of the United Nations (UN) adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These 17 goals, 169 targets, and 232 indicators (including over 650 indicators if all the subdivisions are included) are intended to guide and improve sustainable wellbeing and life satisfaction for everyone on earth. Challenges include the fact that many indicators are not measured or reliably tracked in many countries, the cost of tracking is unclear, and no explicit overarching goal exists. To highlight some of the problems with this approach, we model life satisfaction(LS) survey scores by country, as a proxy for overall wellbeing, as the dependent variable against the official 232 SDG indicators. Using a constrained linear regression approach (LASSO), we identify a model that includes only 8 of the 232 indicators and explains 84% of the variation in LS. These eight indicators are proxies for economic, social, and environmental variables. We also cluster countries according to these indicators and LS showing correlation within geographical and cultural regions. We discuss these results with regard to the meaning and measurement of sustainable development vs. sustainable wellbeing and its relationship with LS and the SDGs. We recommend how these results can be used to prioritize goals and measurement efforts to create more meaningful and useful measures of sustainable wellbeing

National audience; We analyze the impact of choosing an elite school on high school graduation in an early tracking system in Flanders (Belgium). Whereas elite schools offer only an academic track, most other schools offer multiple tracks. On average, students experience a 3.3 percentage point increase in the likelihood of obtaining a degree. We find that the effects are heterogeneous. On average, students who self-select into elite schools do not experience an effect. However, students who do not choose an elite school would experience positive effects. Our results can be explained by different tracking decisions in both types of schools.

In this article, I propose a novel theoretical framework for conceptualizing pandemic stigma using the metaphor of ‘mutation’. This metaphor highlights that stigma is not a static or fixed state but is enacted through processes of continuity and change. The following three orienting concepts are identified: (a) lineage (i.e. origin narratives and initial manifestations are created in relation to existing stigmas, stereotypes, and outgroups), (b) variation (i.e. stigma changes over time in response to new content and contexts), and (c) strength (i.e. stigma can be amplified or weakened through counter- or de-stigmatizing forces). I go on to use this metaphor to offer an analysis of the emergence of COVID-19 stigma. The lineage of COVID-19 stigma includes a long history of contagious disease, resonant with fears of contamination and death. Origin narratives have stigmatized Asian/Chinese groups as virus carriers, leading to socio-political manifestations of discrimination. Newer ‘risky’ groups have emerged in relation to old age, race and ethnicity, poverty, and weight, whose designation as ‘vulnerable’ simultaneously identifies them as victims in need of protection but also as a risk to the social body. Counter-stigmatizing trends are also visible. Public disclosure of having COVID-19 by high-status individuals such as the actor Tom Hanks has, in some instances, converted ‘testing positive’ into shared rather than shamed behaviour in the West. As discourses concerning risk, controllability, and blame unfold, so COVID-19 stigma will further mutate. In conclusion, the metaphor of mutation, and its three concepts of lineage, variation, and strength, offers a vocabulary through which to articulate emergent and ongoing stigma processes. Furthermore, the concept of stigma mutation identifies a clear role for social scientists and public health in terms of process engagement; to disrupt stigma, remaking it in less deadly forms or even to prevent its emergence altogether.

Background: While communication partner training (CPT) is recommended in the treatment of aphasia, more research on the long-term effect of CPT is needed to enhance the knowledge base about its eff...

Objective: We report a survey in regional Queensland to understand the reasons for suboptimal uptake of the COVIDSafe app. Methods: A short five‐minute electronic survey disseminated to healthcare professionals, mining groups and school communities in the Central Queensland region. Free text responses and their topics were modelled using natural language processing and a latent Dirichlet model. Results: We received a total of 723 responses; of these, 69% had downloaded the app and 31% had not. The respondents’ reasons for not downloading the app were grouped under four topics: lack of perceived risk of COVID‐19/lack of perceived need and privacy issues; phone‐related issues; tracking and misuse of data; and trust, security and credibility. Among the 472 people who downloaded the app and provided text amenable to text mining, the two topics most commonly listed were: to assist with contact tracing; and to return to normal. Conclusions: This survey of a regional population found that lack of perceived need, concerns around privacy and technical difficulties were the major barriers to users downloading the application. Implications for public health: Health promotion campaigns aimed at increasing the uptake of the COVIDSafe app should focus on promoting how the app will assist with contact tracing to help return to ‘normal’. Additionally, health promotors should address the app's impacts on privacy, people's lack of perceived need for the app and technical barriers.

Purpose: The necessity to attend classroom lectures is a disputable topic among dental schools globally. Since there is an ongoing debate on different aspects of this problem in literature, the purpose of this study was to compare students’ attitudes toward classroom attendance and investigate if stricter attendance tracking methods could lead to better classroom attendance at two dental schools utilising different modes of tracking students’ attendance. Method: This was an observational, cross-sectional survey distributed among dental students enrolled at King Abdul-Aziz University (KAU) and King Saud University (KSU) in Saudi Arabia. The survey included questions on demographics, average travel time, student's attitudes toward classroom lectures and common reasons for absenteeism. Collected data were analysed and summarised as frequencies and percentages and then compared using the Chi-square test for statistical significance. Findings: The study involved 678 participants from KAU and 475 participants from KSU. In general, there was a significant difference in students’ attendance between both schools in which 26.8% of KAU dental students skipped 5 or more lectures/month compared to 11.5% of students at KSU. Among the factors affecting classroom lecture attendance, commuting time was a major one reported by students (44.8% of students at KSU and 51.4% at KAU needed 30-60 min to reach their schools). The availability of lectures through online resources and the necessity to study for exams were additional factors reported by students of both schools. Implications for research and practices: Based on the current data, the school’s method to track students’ attendance may have a role in the pattern of classroom absenteeism.

The Active Aging Index (AAI) is a tool for detecting and tracking active aging in the older population. The proportion of the aging population is growing very fast, from 6.4% in 2020 to around 20.0% in 2041, in Bangladesh. But the country does not have a calculated AAI to know its active aging situation or to make a global comparison. Objective: The objective of the study was to calculate and compare AAI for Bangladesh with a European AAI approach. Method: Secondary analysis was conducted based on the data from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), General Economic Division, Ministry of Planning, Department of Population Sciences, and the United Nations (UN) study to calculate the individual indicators of the four domains of AAI. Results: For Bangladesh, 15 out of 22 indicators of AAI were available from the analysis. The result of the study shows that the AAI value for Bangladesh is 30.1. Among the four domains of the AAI, the ‘capacity and enabling environment’ domain scored the best (59.9) and the participation domain scored the second highest (40.3). The score of the ‘independent, healthy and secure living’ domain was poor (28.2) and the score in the employment domain was very poor (3.3). Conclusion: Policy-makers should pay special attention immediately to improve each of the individual indicators of AAI for better active aging of the seniors. At the same time, policy-makers should focus on the immediate initiative for the generation of data for the missing 7 indicators for AAI. The study findings would be a basic reference case for Bangladesh to know the situation of active aging and what to do for the betterment of the upcoming huge number of seniors of the country and also possible to compare with other countries.

Interest in youth perspectives on what constitutes an important outcome in the treatment of depression has been growing, but limited attention has been given to heterogeneity in outcome priorities, and minority viewpoints. These are important to consider for person-centred outcome tracking in clinical practice, or when conducting clinical trials targeting specific populations. This study used Q-methodology to identify outcome priority profiles among youth with lived experience of service use for depression. A purposive sample of 28 youth (aged 16–21 years) rank-ordered 35 outcome statements by importance and completed brief semi-structured interviews eliciting their sorting rationales. By-person principal component analysis was used to identify outcome priority profiles based on all Q-sort configurations. Priority profiles were described and interpreted with reference to the qualitative interview data. Four distinct outcome priority profiles were identified: “Relieving distress and experiencing a happier emotional state”; “Learning to cope with cyclical distressing emotional states”; “Understanding and processing distressing emotional states”; and “Reduced interference of ongoing distressing emotional states with daily life”. All four profiles prioritised improvements in mood and the ability to feel pleasure but differed in the level of importance assigned to learning coping skills, processing experiences, and the reduced interference of depression with life and identity. As part of a person-centered approach to care delivery, care providers should routinely engage young people in conversation and shared decision-making about the types of change they would like to prioritise and track during treatment, beyond a common core of consensus outcomes.

Postgraduate research candidature support, support of supervisory teams, and assistance with examination and assessment requirements are some of the crucial elements in a successful postgraduate student’s study experience. While there is a large body of research on Doctoral supervision, less is available on Master’s level supervision and support. Benchmarking studies that gauge the quality of higher education processes and practices, are gaining momentum as a research tool, and reflective mechanism for enhancing student experiences at higher education institutions. This paper reports on a small-scale study that used a holistic benchmarking framework at a research-intensive New Zealand university, in an effort to gauge the quality of the level of postgraduate Master’s research student support and supervision. Twenty-three academics and 17 students completed the survey, which assessed key performance indicators (KPIs): student support; postgraduate candidature development; student supervision; and assessment and examination support. Both students and academics were happy with orientation and induction, but students felt more information was needed regarding possible changes to research. Overall academics and students had confidence in the level of academic research guidance. Although academics felt assessment policies and procedures were explicit, students were not always in agreement. Moreover, students thought that evaluative feedback on their experience should be gathered more frequently. The findings suggest that, in broad terms, the university in question is tracking well and meeting most of the benchmarking principles and their associated KPIs. However, both academics and students highlighted areas where the University can improve practices to better support the experience of Master’s research students.

This study responds to calls to conceptualize resilience as a dynamic process by examining individual trajectories of emotional exhaustion and affective commitment over time in the face of ongoing role demands. In contrast to research conceptualizing resilience as a dispositional trait, we conceptualize resilience in terms of patterns of between-individual variation in response trajectories (dynamic resilience). In a longitudinal study spanning three months and 12 observational periods, we show that individuals high in emotional stability had more static affective commitment trajectories and that organizational newcomers had less pronounced emotional exhaustion trajectories in response to ongoing demands. Both the patterns shown for those with high emotional stability and newcomers are indicative of greater dynamic resilience. Furthermore, we found that affective commitment trajectories were significant predictors of actual retention through the mediating mechanism of intent to remain. We discuss how our approach offers opportunities to study resilience in dynamic settings.

A better understanding of variability in the strengths of youth with psychiatric disorders is critical as a strength-based approach can lead to recovery. This study aimed to identify subgroups of strengths among youth with mental disorders and determine whether subgroups changes were associated with mental health recovery. Youth with mental disorders (N = 2228) from a statewide database were identified in the state fiscal year of 2019. Using the latent profile analysis and latent transition analysis, we identified three strength profiles (i.e., essential, usable, and buildable). Over 90% of youth sustained or developed strengths over time. Positive transitions were associated with mental health recovery, symptom reduction, and personal recovery. Buildable strengths supported youth's personal recovery independent of improving mental health needs. The findings suggest that subgroups of strengths may be a promising source for planning and tracking youth's progress and guiding clinicians to more efficiently allocate community-based resources.

Although educational stratification research finds that educational tracking differentiates the development of cognitive skills and academic achievement, little is known about its consequences for noncognitive traits. This paper presents a framework for understanding how track placement affects personality traits and empirically tests its implications using longitudinal survey data from Denmark. I find that enrollment in the vocational track in upper secondary education on average increases conscientiousness by one third of a standard deviation more than enrollment in the academic track does. No other personality traits are affected by track placement. Additional analyses show that the influence of vocational education and training on conscientiousness is greater among students taking on an apprenticeship and learning a skilled trade, suggesting that such training closes the between-track gap in conscientiousness by fostering a skilled worker identity.

This study aims to describe: 1) the process of using e-money tab, 2) the advantages and disadvantages of using the e-money tab, 3) the impacts of using the e-money tab. This study was conducted as a qualitative study facilitating a phenomenological research design. Data was collected through interviews, live observation and analysis of documents. Study subjects included the principal, the IT team and students of 1 Muhammadiyah Elementary School, Ketelan Surakarta (Elementary School of Muhammadiyah 1 Ketelan Surakarta) and was conducted on location. Results of this study showed that: a) the use of e-money tabs as an attendance tracker can only be accessed at school and requires a strong internet network, b) an advantage to the use of e-money tab as an attendance tracker is being able to track attendance of students with ease, allowing teachers to ensure discipline and parents to monitor the arrival and departure time of their children to and from school. On the other hand, a disadvantage to this system is the instability of the internet network especially when multiple students are using the e-money tab at the same time, causing error in the server, c) the e-money tab has impacted the process of attendance tracking, in which it has maintained and improved discipline of students.

Objective The purpose of the current study was improving the measurement precision of the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ 5.0–20 item) in order to gain better decimation of transition readiness skills across the 5 Stages of Change–from Precontemplation to Mastery. Methods In stage 1, starting with the TRAQ 5.0 20-item, 5 domain subscale questionnaire, we eliminated the five lowest discriminating items using Item response theory (IRT) in MPlus v7.4,which eliminated the domain subscale Managing Daily Activities, and we e added 15 more difficult and better discriminating items. We added items to both to the remaining 4 domain subscales and created a new domain subscale entitled Future Planning. The revised 30-item TRAQ was piloted among 386 youth between 16 and 24 years old (mean = 20 years; 54% female; 87% White). Results After examining the model fit, discrimination and difficulty coefficients, and modification indices, we eliminated 10 items and the new Future Planning domain subscale we eliminated. The resulting questionnaire has 4 domain subscales and 20 items. It exhibited good to excellent fit to the data, χ2(164) = 887.239, p Conclusions The revised 20-itemTRAQ 6.0 has 4 domains subscales; Managing medications, keeping appointment, tracking health issues, and Talking with providers and has good construct validity as demonstrated by model fit. By adding more difficult items to the 4 resulting domain subscales, we have demonstrated improved item discrimination and difficulty, and therefore can better measure acquisition of transition readiness skills across the five stages of change from pre-contemplation to contemplation to initiation to action and finally to mastery.

RATIONALE: Reward-associated cues can promote maladaptive behavior, including risky decision-making in a gambling setting. A propensity for sign tracking over goal tracking—i.e., interaction with a reward-predictive cue rather than the site of reward—demonstrates an individual’s tendency to transfer motivational value to a cue. However, the relationship of sign tracking to risky decision-making remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether sign tracking predicts risky choice, we used a Pavlovian conditioned approach task to evaluate the tendency of male rats to sign track to a lever cue and then trained rats on a rodent gambling task (rGT) with win-associated cues. We also tested the effects of D-amphetamine, quinpirole (a D(2)/D(3) receptor agonist), and PD128907 (a D(3) receptor agonist) on gambling behavior in sign tracker and goal tracker individuals. RESULTS: Increased sign tracking relative to goal tracking was associated with suboptimal performance on the rGT, including decreased selection of the optimal choice, increased selection of a high-risk/high-reward option, and increased impulsive premature choices. Amphetamine increased choices of a low-risk/low-reward option at the expense of optimal and high-risk choices, whereas quinpirole and PD128907 had little effect on choice allocation, but reduced impulsivity. Drug effects were similar across sign tracker and goal tracker individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Cue reactivity, as measured by sign tracking, is predictive and may be an important driver of risky and impulsive choices in a gambling setting laden with salient audiovisual cues. Evaluating an individual’s sign tracking behavior may be an avenue to predict vulnerability to pathological gambling and the efficacy of treatments.

The number of studies and researchers in the science education field is constantly increasing from year to year. It makes research about article review very important because it helps researchers determine the research orientation. In this study, a research review was conducted on reading activities in science learning. There have been several studies on tracking research trends in science education in recent years, but there has not been any detailed discussion about reading activities in science learning. Therefore, it is necessary to know the development trends of research on reading activities in science learning. In this study, we analyze 74 articles published from 2000-2019 using the open-coding system. By using a search engine, it is done by entering one keyword or a combination of several keywords, include reading, a variety of ”reading and text," ”reading and science text," ”reading and textbook," ”reading, text, and science." The results showed that there were still many empty things that the researchers had not studied. The United States dominates the average researcher with a primary focus on reading comprehension. In terms of participants, research is dominated by involving students in schools (although the numbers are still small), with the variables studied are dominated by reading comprehension. This research can help researchers find gaps in research that have not been carried out related to reading activities in science learning.

In Geneva, Switzerland, students in secondary 1 education are grouped into different tracks according to their academic level. The tracking system in Geneva has been reformed recently. Prior to the reform, the tracks were very hierarchical but less selective; following the reform, the tracks are still very hierarchical but the entry criteria are more selective and there is greater flexibility to move from one track to another. Using longitudinal data, this article compares these two types of tracking system and analyses the inequalities produced in terms of the skills acquired by students and the path taken once compulsory education is completed. Our analysis shows that the new tracking system following the reform has a major impact on students of medium ability. They are more likely being assigned to a lower track, which has a significant adverse impact on their learning and subsequent pathway through education.

Sexual health concerns after cancer are common and distressing, and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are effective in supporting women experiencing these concerns. The goals of this study were to: (i) systematically adapt and document modifications to a mindfulness-based sexual health intervention for cancer survivors in a community setting and (ii) assess feasibility, appropriateness, and acceptability, and to identify strategies to increase reach for future implementation and dissemination. Following the ADAPT-ITT model, we first conducted key informant interviews with 10 female cancer survivors and four healthcare providers to obtain feedback on perceived need and feasibility of the intervention approach, and preferences for content, structure, and delivery format. This feedback informed initial intervention adaptations, which we then pretested with five female cancer survivors. We tracked and coded intervention adaptations. Key informant cancer survivors and providers confirmed the lack of sexual health services, acceptability of a sexual health MBI, and identified initial adaptations including modifying the intervention for delivery in a community, rather than clinical, setting. Pretest participants (aged 48–57) were survivors of breast (n = 4) and cervical (n = 1) cancer. All participants completed the intervention attending an average of 7.2 of 8 weekly sessions. Qualitative and quantitative results suggest the intervention was feasible, appropriate and acceptable. Engaging stakeholders in the adaptation process is essential for creating a feasible, appropriate, and acceptable intervention. Tracking intervention modifications contributes to our overall understanding of how MBIs can be adapted for new populations and contexts.

Background: Social determinants of health have been well accepted as contributing to health outcomes. They are a vital aspect of health care delivery and must be a consideration, especially among free clinic populations. Social determinants of health have also become a required element of medical school curricula. The Student Outreach to Area Residents Student-Run Free Clinic based out of Northeast Ohio Medical University piloted a student-led program that implemented social determinants of health screening and community resource referral as a part of integrated health care delivery for all its patients. Methods: We described the development of a screening tool, protocol, and creation of community resource referral materials. We also described the tracking of patient-reported needs and mapping of location and accessibility of community resources. One hundred patients were surveyed through convenience sampling, and results were used for program improvement. Results/Conclusion: After collecting and analyzing survey results, it was found that the 2 most frequently requested determinants were mental health and utilities services, and the most available community resource was emergency food services. We also mapped these results by zip code and found gaps between need and distribution of services. We demonstrated the utility of mapping to identify points of improvement for the future. We also provided lessons learned related to effective social determinants of health screening, community resource referral, and overall program implementation in student-run free clinics. We further explained the benefits of including similar student-led programs as a way for students to gain practical experience related to social determinants of health.

Purpose Prior work has demonstrated that competing tasks impact habitual speech production. The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the extent to which clear and loud speech are affected by concurrent performance of an attention-demanding task. Method Speech kinematics and acoustics were collected while participants spoke using habitual, loud, and clear speech styles. The styles were performed in isolation and while performing a secondary tracking task. Results Compared to the habitual style, speakers exhibited expected increases in lip aperture range of motion and speech intensity for the clear and loud styles. During concurrent visuomotor tracking, there was a decrease in lip aperture range of motion and speech intensity for the habitual style. Tracking performance during habitual speech did not differ from single-task tracking. For loud and clear speech, speakers retained the gains in speech intensity and range of motion, respectively, while concurrently tracking. A reduction in tracking performance was observed during concurrent loud and clear speech, compared to tracking alone. Conclusions These data suggest that loud and clear speech may help to mitigate motor interference associated with concurrent performance of an attention-demanding task. Additionally, reductions in tracking accuracy observed during concurrent loud and clear speech may suggest that these higher effort speaking styles require greater attentional resources than habitual speech.

This study aims to describe the form of gender discrimination in the novel Perempuan Terpasung by Hani Naqshabandi. Data collection was carried out in three stages (1) reading and understanding the novel Perempuan Terpasung by Hani Naqshabandi with the aim of getting an overall understanding of the contents of the novel to be studied, (2) determining the main character and companion figures in the novel Perempuan Terpasung by Hani Naqshabandi for use tracking gender discrimination data, (3) identifying data relating to the form of gender discrimination obtained from data sources, namely the novel Perempuan Terpasung by Hani Naqshabandi. This type of research is qualitative research and uses content analysis techniques. The results showed that the forms of discrimination experienced by female leaders were seen in aspects of marginalization, subordination, stereotyping, and violence. The most dominant form experienced by female leaders in the novel Perempuan Terpasung is discrimination in the form of stereotypes, namely the assumption that the main task of women is to serve their husbands, their duties and functions are only to carry out work related to domestic or domestic work.

A "digital revolution" has introduced new privacy violations concerning access to information stored on electronic devices. The present two studies assessed how U.S. children ages 5-17 and adults (N = 416; 55% female; 67% white) evaluated those accessing digital information belonging to someone else, either location data (Study 1) or digital photos (Study 2). The trustworthiness of the tracker (Studies 1 and 2) and the privacy of the information (Study 2) were manipulated. At all ages, evaluations were more negative when the tracker was less trustworthy, and when information was private. However, younger children were substantially more positive overall about digital tracking than older participants. These results, yielding primarily medium-to-large effect sizes, suggest that with age, children increasingly appreciate digital privacy considerations.