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Part of preparing future health professionals for multidisciplinary work environments involves interprofessional education (IPE). We explore students' perceptions of confidence during IPE and how this impacts their ability to contribute to interprofessional learning. The written reflections of 115 undergraduate Psychology (n = 58) and Dentistry (n = 57) students aged 19-47 years (median = 22 years) who participated in two sessions of IPE utilising motivational interviewing to encourage health behaviour change were analysed. Six themes were identified: Concerns about Confidence Resulted in Additional Prior Preparation, Lack of Confidence as an Impediment to Contribution, An Increase in Confidence as a Result of Doing, Recognising the Value of Confidence, Confidence as an Area for Further Development, and Confidence from the Outset. The importance of confidence in impacting students' ability to actively contribute in IPE should not be underestimated. Educators should seek to maximise student confidence and to create a safe learning environment where further confidence can be built. Further research is needed to determine factors that may boost confidence including the optimal time to incorporate IPE in degree programmes, the best format in which to deliver IPE, and how much IPE to deliver.

The extent and course of psychological distress were examined in a representative sample of patients attending a primary health care practice in metropolitan Adelaide where general practitioner (GP) and clinical psychologist services are co-located. Scores for psychological distress were similar to national norms. Approximately one in six patients expressed a wish to discuss their feelings with a GP and/or psychologist, but the association between distress scores and wish to discuss feelings was only moderate. At follow-up 5 months later, average distress scores had fallen. Half of those who had expressed a wish for discussion had done so, and they had significantly lower scores for anxiety and stress. The results provide a context within which subsequent national mental health initiatives can be interpreted. (Contains 3 tables.)

This study addresses a knowledge gap in the literature about early adolescent cyberbullying victimization and the related positive and negative emotional wellbeing and academic achievement outcomes experienced over time. The study examines 9139 South Australian students (aged 10–13 years) who reported on cyberbullying status in Grade 6, and explores the relationship with emotional wellbeing and academic achievement outcomes measured in Grade 7 and Grade 9, while accounting for range of child, peer, school, and community covariates. Using mixed effects modeling, the results show that cyberbullying victimization is associated with significantly lower levels of happiness, life satisfaction, and higher levels of sadness, and worries over the shorter term (Grade 7), and significantly lower levels of reading and numeracy sustained across the longer term (Grades 7 and 9), compared to non‐victimization. The results indicate that early adolescent cyberbullying may be associated with poor emotional wellbeing and academic achievement as one progresses through formal school and highlights the importance of considering the outcomes of bullying victimization beyond the immediate instance. Practitioner points: The prevalence of cyberbullying victimization is 7.2% in early adolescence.Cyberbullying victimization has negative impacts on emotional wellbeing and academic performance.School staff and mental health clinicians should be aware of the potential for cyberbullying victimization to contribute to academic and wellbeing difficulties for students over the short and longer term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine undergraduate psychology and dental students' perceptions of their self-perceived ability, value and comfort in working with others in an interprofessional context. Students participated in a new interprofessional learning initiative incorporating motivational interviewing to encourage health behaviour change. Pre- and post-interprofessional learning survey data from 49 students and written reflections of 115 students were analysed. Students demonstrated significant improvement in all quantitative measures, including overall interprofessional socialisation and values as well as perceived ability, value and comfort in working with others. Three themes relating to perceptions of ability, value and comfort with interprofessional collaboration were identified: Scope of Practice, Collaboration as a Valuable Approach and Healthy Scepticism. While the findings show that even small-scale interprofessional learning programmes can significantly increase students' perceptions in these domains, student feedback can further enhance interprofessional learning. Within interprofessional learning, the scope of practice for health professions, including the students' own discipline, must be clear, knowledge about facilitators and barriers to successful interprofessional collaboration and ways to address these issues must be included, and efforts should be made to show students how professions that may initially seem quite disparate, can and do, collaborate to support positive patient outcomes. Key Points What is already known about this topic: (1) Successful interprofessional collaboration offers benefits for clients, health professionals and health systems. (2) Interprofessional learning aims to produce a collaborative practice-ready psychology workforce responsive to a range of client presentations and workplace contexts. (3) Psychologists are often employed in multidisciplinary teams, yet in Australia it has not been commonplace for psychologists-in-training to be exposed to interprofessional learning. What this topic adds: (1) Small-scale interprofessional learning initiatives may be associated with improvements in students' overall interprofessional socialisation and values, and perceived ability, value and comfort in working with individuals from other health professions. (2) For interprofessional learning to be successful, students must be knowledgeable about the scope of practice for a range of health professions, including their own. (3) Students benefit from knowledge about facilitators and barriers to successful interprofessional collaboration and guidance on how to address these to maximise the effectiveness of collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To measure psychological and physical health of psychology students during their Honours year of study, in the context of this being perceived as a high stake, "make‐or‐break" degree program in Australia. Method: Psychology honours students from 9 universities (N = 179) completed an online survey that included measures of depression, anxiety and stress, physical activity, drug and alcohol use, self‐rated health status, future study intentions and desired final grade for the degree. Data were collected in the first semester of the academic year. Results: The sample was overall, high on perceived physical health, with around 74.85% being at least minimally active. Around one quarter were overweight or obese. The majority were non‐smokers, and did not regularly misuse drugs or alcohol, although binge drinking was reported by the majority. The majority planned to enter further study to qualify as a registered psychologist. Depression, anxiety, and stress were elevated in the sample, when compared with other comparative reference groups. Those with higher levels of perceived physical health and those aiming for a higher desired final grade were less likely to show elevated scores on psychological distress measures. Conclusions: This study is consistent with published and unpublished data showing that psychological distress levels in this cohort are high. These findings show that this is evident across universities, and that distress is apparent early in the academic year. Educators and the profession have a duty of care and a responsibility to reflect upon the student experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aims/method To investigate causes of farmers’ stress during drought, 309 drought-affected South Australian farmers and their spouses, mainly from sheep, cattle and/or gain properties, ranging in age from 23 to 85 years (34.6% female) completed a questionnaire. Demographic and work-related details were collected and participants were asked to list their most stressful experiences in the past month and past 12 months. Results Most (73.1%) of the sources of stress reported were farm-related. A thematic analysis identified drought , financial pressure and uncertainty about the future as dominant stressors. A range of other more specific drought-related (e.g. poor crop yields, unsatisfactory conditions for livestock, overwhelming workloads) and contextual stressors (e.g. rising input costs, family involvement in the farming business, pressure to take part in community work, lack of understanding of farming from ‘outsiders’ ) were also identified. Dominant stressors were compounded by non-drought-related issues (e.g. machinery breakdowns ) and non-farm related stressors (e.g. illness and death of loved ones ). Conclusion Improved awareness of stressors may help to reduce farmers’ frustration with outsiders’ lack of understanding of their way of life, normalise stressors and thereby reduce stigma and empower farmers to seek help. These findings could also inform the development of targeted mental-health prevention and promotion initiatives for farmers in future periods of drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of dietary and lifestyle advice given to women who were overweight or obese during pregnancy on maternal quality of life, anxiety and risk of depression, and satisfaction with care.Material and Methods: We conducted a randomized trial, involving pregnant women with body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) , recruited from maternity units in South Australia. Women were randomized to Lifestyle Advice or Standard Care, and completed questionnaires assessing risk of depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), anxiety (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and quality of life (SF-36) at trial entry, 28 and 36 weeks' gestation, and 4 months postpartum. Secondary trial outcomes assessed for this analysis were risk of depression, anxiety, maternal quality of life, and satisfaction with care.Results: One or more questionnaires were completed by 976 of 1108 (90.8%) women receiving Lifestyle Advice and 957 of 1104 (89.7%) women receiving Standard Care. The risk of depression [adjusted risk ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.82-1.24; p = 0.95], anxiety (adjusted risk ratio 1.09; 95% CI 0.93-1.27; p = 0.31), and health-related quality of life were similar between the two groups. Women receiving Lifestyle Advice reported improved healthy food choice [Lifestyle Advice 404 (68.9%) vs. Standard Care 323 (51.8%); p < 0.0001], and exercise knowledge [Lifestyle Advice 444 (75.8%) vs. Standard Care 367 (58.8%); p < 0.0001], and reassurance about their health [Lifestyle Advice 499 (85.3%) vs. Standard Care 485 (77.9%); p = 0.0112], and health of their baby [Lifestyle Advice 527 (90.2%) vs. Standard Care 545 (87.6%); p = 0.0143].Conclusion: Lifestyle advice in pregnancy improved knowledge and provided reassurance without negatively impacting well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous psychological and pharmacological interventions have primarily focused on depression disorders in populations with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and the efficacy of anxiety disorder interventions is only more recently being explored. Transdiagnostic interventions address common emotional processes and the full range of anxiety and depression disorders often observed in populations with CVDs. The aim of CHAMPS is to evaluate the feasibility of a unified protocol (UP) for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders intervention in patients recently hospitalized for CVDs. The current study reports the protocol of a feasibility randomized controlled trial to inform a future trial.Methods/design: This is a feasibility randomized, controlled trial with a single-center design. A total of 50 participants will be block-randomized to either a UP intervention or enhanced usual care. Both groups will receive standard CVD care. The UP intervention consists of 1) enhancing motivation, readiness for change, and treatment engagement; (2) psychoeducation about emotions; (3) increasing present focused emotion awareness; (4) increasing cognitive flexibility; (5) identifying and preventing patterns of emotion avoidance and maladaptive emotion-driven behaviors (EDBs, including tobacco smoking, and alcohol use); (6) increasing tolerance of emotion-related physical sensations; (7) interoceptive and situation-based emotion-focused exposure; and (8) relapse prevention strategies. Treatment duration is 12 to 18 weeks. Relevant outcomes include the standard deviation of self-rated anxiety, depression and quality of life symptoms. Other outcomes include intervention acceptability, satisfaction with care, rates of EDBs, patient adherence, physical activity, cardiac and psychiatric readmissions. Parallel to the main trial, a nonrandomized comparator cohort will be recruited comprising 150 persons scoring below the predetermined depression and anxiety severity thresholds.Discussion: CHAMPS is designed to evaluate the UP for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders targeting emotional disorder processes in a CVD population. The design will provide preliminary evidence of feasibility, attrition, and satisfaction with treatment to design a definitive trial. If the trial is feasible, it opens up the possibility for interventions to target broader emotional processes in the precarious population with CVD and emotional distress.Trial Registration: ACTRN12615000555550 , registered on 29/05/2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the costs of inpatient (usual care) with outpatient (intervention) care for cervical priming for induction of labour in women with healthy, low-risk pregnancies who are being induced for prolonged pregnancies or for social reasons. Methods Data from a randomised controlled trial at two hospitals in South Australia were matched with hospital financial data. A cost analysis comparing women randomised to inpatient care with those randomised to outpatient care was performed, with an additional analysis focusing on those who received the intervention. Results Overall, 48% of women randomised into the trial did not receive the intervention. Women randomised to outpatient care had an overall cost saving of $319 per woman (95% CI -$104 to $742) as compared with women randomised to usual care. When restricted to women who actually received the intervention, in-hospital cost savings of $433 (95% CI -$282 to $1148) were demonstrated in the outpatient group. However, these savings were partially offset by the cost of an outpatient priming clinic, reducing the overall cost savings to $156 per woman. Conclusions Overall cost savings were not statistically significant in women who were randomised to or received the intervention. However, the trend in cost savings favoured outpatient priming. What is known about the topic? Induction of labour is a common obstetric intervention. For women with low-risk, prolonged pregnancies who require cervical priming there has been increased interest in whether this period of waiting for the cervix to 'ripen' can be achieved at home. Outpatient priming has been reported to reduce hospital costs and improve maternal satisfaction. However, few studies have actually examined the cost of outpatient priming for induction of labour. What does this paper add? This is the first paper in Australia to both assess the full cost of outpatient cervical priming and to compare it with usual (inpatient) care. This is the first costing paper from a randomised controlled trial directly comparing inpatient and outpatient priming with prostaglandin E[sub 2]. What are the implications for practitioners? For women with prolonged, low-risk pregnancies, a program of outpatient cervical priming can potentially reduce in-hospital costs and free up labour ward beds by avoiding an additional overnight hospitalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine whether older community-dwelling people underestimate their own perceived chance of falling compared with that of other older people (comparative optimism), and whether a history of falls is associated with comparative optimism. Method: A sample of community-dwelling South Australians aged ≥65 years ( n= 389) completed a computer-assisted telephone interview about their 12-month fall history, their perceived chance of falling and their rating of other older people's chance of falling. Results: Respondents were comparatively optimistic about their chance of falling (Z =−8.1, P < 0.001). Those who had fallen in the last 12 months had a lower comparative optimism score (Z =−3.0, P < 0.003). Conclusion: As older people were comparatively optimistic about their likelihood of falling, they might not find fall prevention messages relevant. When older people present with a fall, clinicians could provide fall prevention information consistent with how older people present themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Population screening reduces mortality from colorectal cancer, yet factors associated with uptake of screening are incompletely understood. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine demographic and psychosocial factors associated with participation in faecal occult blood test (FOBT)-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in an average risk community programme in Adelaide, South Australia. Method: A questionnaire consistent with the Preventive Health Model was used to determine demographic and psychosocial differences between previous FOBT-based screening participants ( n = 413, response rate 93.2%) and non-participants ( n = 481, response rate 47.9%). Results were analysed by univariate and multivariate generalised linear modelling, and factors associated with participation were identified. Results: Factor analysis of psychosocial items revealed an optimal three-factor solution (knowledge, faecal aversion, belief in the value of screening). Following multivariate analyses, two psychosocial and two demographic factors remained as predictors of FOBT screening behaviour: (1) items related to faecal aversion (Aversion), relative risk (RR) = 0.61, CI = 0.55-0.69, (2) perceptions about the value of screening (Value), RR = 1.45, CI = 1.13-1.85, (3) age band 65-69 (Age, five age bands, relative to age 50-54), RR = 1.43, CI = 1.16-1.76 and FOBT type (Test; three tests, Hemoccult®, FlexSure®, InSure® randomly assigned, relative to Hemoccult®: FlexSure®: RR = 1.41, CI = 1.17-1.71, InSure®: RR = 1.76, CI = 1.47-2.11. Conclusions: The psychosocial factors associated with non-participation in FOBT-based CRC screening are amenable to interventions designed to improve participation. The small relative risks values associated with each predictor, however, raise the possibility that additional factors are likely to influence screening participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychology regulation bodies increasingly recognise interprofessional education (IPE) as important in equipping students for modern practice. In this article we report the first comprehensive systematic review of IPE among psychology students. We appraise and summarise the literature about the use of IPE in undergraduate and postgraduate psychology programs in the last 10 years. PRISMA methods were used in a systematic review of 10 electronic databases from May 2009 to May 2019. We included 19 studies comprising a sample of approximately 3447 participants with most studies conducted in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Australia. Programs varied in scope ranging from interactions between psychology and one other discipline to up to 25 different degrees. All quantitative studies reported at least some positive results in areas such as attitudes towards interprofessional team work. Four of the five qualitative studies reported positive outcomes, and findings from the mixed-methods studies were similarly positive. Problems identified included challenges with remaining in scope of practice and issues with team dynamics. Overall, the review demonstrated that promising research exists regarding the impact of IPE on psychology students' knowledge and attitudes and that the use and evaluation of IPE should be encouraged The evidence base requires improvement however via the inclusion of higher-level study designs, larger psychology cohorts and investigation of the effects of IPE on professional competencies and behaviour. • Positive changes in student knowledge and attitudes have been found after IPE. • There is a lack of consistency in IPE involving psychology students. • Further research using rigorous methodology and larger cohorts is recommended. • The optimal time to offer IPE and the best means of delivery must be determined. • The effects of IPE on professional competencies deserves further attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: The prevalence of psychological disorders is high in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but their role in symptom reporting is uncertain. It is thus interesting whether the number of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) determines the load of psychological comorbidity. The Rome III criteria have not been used to evaluate such a relationship as yet. Moreover, not many studies have examined the sensitivity of the Rome III criteria in detecting IBS. Our aims were therefore: (i) to determine whether those IBS participants with more FGID had a tendency to greater psychological comorbidity than those with fewer FGID; and (ii) to assess the performance of the Rome III criteria in detecting IBS versus the diagnosis of the gastroenterologist. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 32 consecutive outpatients with clinically diagnosed IBS was performed. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12), and the Rome III criteria questionnaire (BDQ-6) were administered. Multiple linear regression was conducted to detect associations among FGID, anxiety, depression and quality of life. Results: Overall, 50% of participants were anxious and 12% were depressed. Forty-four percent of participants had >two FGID; however, the number of FGID did not correlate with scores for anxiety, depression or quality of life. Amazingly, only 50% (CI: 33–67) of participants clinically diagnosed with IBS met Rome III criteria for IBS. Conclusion: Contrary to our expectations, a greater load of FGID did not correlate with a greater load of psychological comorbidity. Surprisingly, the Rome III criteria detected only 50% of clinical cases of IBS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the relationship between hegemonic masculinity and the willingness of male individuals to engage in preventive health care. Topics covered include the interview conducted among the randomized controlled trial, the significance of the final discourses responsibility, risk, rationality and control on the research, and the link between ageing, health and masculinity in Colorectral Cancer screening.