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This study investigates: 1) The extent to which adolescents with and without immigration backgrounds differ in their behavioral autonomy desires and the behavioral autonomy restrictions they may perceive from their parents. 2) The relationship between behavioral autonomy desires and behavioral autonomy conflicts with parents and perceptions of family support. 3) Whether the relationship between behavioral autonomy desires and behavioral autonomy conflicts with parents and family support varies depending on the behavioral autonomy restrictions adolescents perceive. 4) The extent to which there is a difference between adolescents with and without an immigration background in the association between behavioral autonomy desires and both behavioral autonomy conflict with parents and family support. 5) The extent to which behavioral autonomy restrictions have a greater impact on the relationship between behavioral autonomy desires and both behavioral autonomy conflicts with parents and family support for adolescents with an immigration background than for adolescents without an immigration background.

An analysis of individual and organizational determinants of proenvironmental work-related travel behavior, and their interactions, is presented. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with office workers from four organizations in two Dutch provinces. Environmentally-relevant behavior related to commutes and business trips (i.e. travel frequency, travel mode, teleworking, and teleconferencing) was examined. Evidence from interorganizational comparisons suggests that organizational measures did not have uniform effects on employee behavior which was partially due to differences in attitude and personal income. The salience of social norms pertaining to work-related travel behavior also differed between organizations and organizational subpopulations. Differences in attitudes between employees, however, did correspond to some extent to organizational culture or focus differences at the organizational level. Finally, the results underscore the possibility that similar outcomes at the behavioral level might be the result of different underlying dynamics. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

From a corporate social responsibility perspective, there are many reasons to promote teleconference use as an alternative to business travel. The present study examines psychosocial and organizational factors relevant to teleconference use. We tested an extended Theory of Planned Behavior model of teleconference use among office workers of four organizations. Results indicate that intention was the strongest direct predictor of teleconference use. Habit and perceived norm, in turn, were the strongest predictors of intention to use teleconference. In contrast, attitude was only weakly predictive and perceived control not predictive at all of intention to use teleconference. We also examined how this model was influenced by the organizational context by comparing organizations from two different regions, and organizations from the private vs . the public sector. Most teleconference-related beliefs differed between regions and organizational sectors. The relevance of specific attitudinal and normative beliefs to the overall attitude and perceived norm also differed between organizational sectors. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

PIRLS 2006 collected data about reading literacy and various factors connected to educational policies and school, family and student contexts, using a large sample of European fourth grade students. The aim of the present study is to examine, for European data (N = 96177), the interplay between educational policy, school, teacher, family and student factors, and their relationships to reading literacy. A structural equation model (SEM) comprising school, teachers, parents, and pupils variables is developed and tested. The influence of curriculum policies in various European countries was tested in terms of an interaction effect by means of multiple samples SEM.