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Background. Oral health is dependent on the knowledge and awareness of the individuals. Teachers as individuals influence the children in every aspect including oral health maintenance. The objective of this study was to assess the oral health knowledge, attitude, practices, and oral health status among school teachers in Chitwan District, Nepal. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 550 school teachers of private and government schools in Chitwan District, to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices, and oral health status. Descriptive analysis was done and data were analyzed using chi-square. A five-point Likert Scale was applied to compute knowledge, attitude, and practices of the school teachers. Results. Most of the school teachers had good knowledge about periodontal diseases in comparison to dental caries. Private school (20.7% : 57) teachers had higher good oral health knowledge as compared to government school teachers (9.8% : 27). An almost equal percentage of private and government teachers (73.5% : 202 and 74.2% : 204, respectively) were found with fair knowledge about oral health. Males had a higher percentage for good oral health knowledge as compared to females. Conclusion. There is an incredible need to improve oral health knowledge and attitude among school teachers concerning different problems of the oral cavity and the avoidance of dental diseases. These enhancements can be applied through regular training of teachers by oral health seminars, materials, and other such types of methods.

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence the way parents make decisions in choosing their favorite private school for their children during the COVID-19 pandemic. These factors are presented starting from the most influential to the smallest. In detail, the purpose of this study is to obtain answers to the questions: (1) what factors influence the way parents make decisions in choosing a favorite private school for their children, (2) are there differences in the decision-making factors of parents in choosing a school? private sector for children between before the pandemic and after the covid-19 pandemic, (3) is there a difference in the income of parents before the pandemic and after the covid-19 pandemic, and (4) how is the level of anxiety of parents in dealing with the covid-19 pandemic . This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach which is intended to describe the factors that influence parents' decision making in choosing private schools for their children during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed: 1. The factors that influence parents' decision making in choosing private schools for children during the covid-19 pandemic are: (1) good religious education factors in schools, (2) good academic achievement, (3) good non- academic achievement, (4) easy access to school locations, (5) schools have complete learning facilities, (6) good extra-curricular activities, (7) school safety, (8) relatively close distance from the school house, and (9) as a solution due to busy parents Keywords: Decision Making, Private School, Anxiety Level, Academic Achievement, Non-academic Achievement

The study’s objective was to know the private school of medicine interns resilience level according to the following dimensions: equanimity, personal satisfaction, feeling good alone, self-confidence and perseverance. Their professional assessment was also measured through their levels of in-depth interviews, technical procedures, and observable attitudes. The approach used was the quantitative, basic type, with a descriptive scope. The non-probability sampling technique was used. The sample consisted of 524 medicine students, 321 women (61.3%) and 203 men (38.7%), who are currently studying in thirteen and fourteen cycle of the seventh year of university studies. For the resilience variable, the instrument used was the survey; and for the professional assessment variable, in-depth interviews were conducted, as well as observation of technical procedures and attitudes of the medicine interns at a private university. The instrument used was the questionnaire called the resilience scale. The study shows that medicine interns resilience is on an inadequate level (75,2%), and that the professional assessment presented a low level (48,9%).

Today the concept of inclusion makes all educators responsible for creating supportive learning environment. In Benin schools, consensus is made to accept students with stigma. This article is to explore Benin EFL teachers ‘and students’ belief on the acceptance of two main categories of students with stigma (Woli and Hounyos). They are concerned with girls who are not allowed to be dressed on top and who keep scarification on their face and chest (Hounyos). The second category are members of celestial church, who keep their hair natural all their life without combing or brushing it (dreadlocks). They are known to be gifted and can predict future. Three public schools and one private school took part in this study. Questionnaire, interview, and classroom observation were used as an instrument in this research. Overall, nineteen students with stigma participated. The results from this research have shown that Benin EFL teachers adopt different approaches on the integration of those specific cases of students in the classroom. Suggestions are then formulated on how Benin EFL teachers should manage the concerned students.

In line with the current educational revolution, the use of ICT in Teaching and Learning (T&L) is seen as important in improving the quality of learning in schools, especially in private schools in Malaysia. However, without the willingness to maximize the use of ICT, has triggered anxiety, depression, and inner stress among private school teachers. Consequently, this study is conducted in a quantitative survey on 70 private school teachers around Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, and Negeri Sembilan. The results of the study showed that respondents often felt tired after completing T&L sessions with the use of ICT (M = 3.71), often faced health problems such as muscle tension, eye irritation, and headaches with the continuous use of ICT in the T&L session (M = 3.67). Results of Pearson correlation between the relationship of anxiety, depression, and stress with the time of use of the ICT in T&L for a week (r=0.643). Overall, the results of the study showed the level of anxiety, depression, and stress of private school teachers on the use of ICT in T&L is at a moderate level (M = 2.77) and those responsible need to address this problem by developing the standard operating procedures (SOPs) that are appropriate especially regarding the amount of time that should be allocated in the T&L session in a week, to help teachers plan their work-life balance and essential task in school.

Em meados de março de 2020 ocorreu a suspensão das atividades educacionais presenciais nas redes de ensino pública e privada, em decorrência do afastamento social provocado pela pandemia de Covid-19, motivo pelo qual as instituições educacionais tornaram-se adeptas do ensino remoto emergencial (ERE). Considerando este cenário, ainda em movimento, este texto busca: 1) apresentar trabalhos desenvolvidos por pesquisadores de diferentes países neste curto espaço de tempo, no intuito de entender o que representou a suspensão das atividades escolares presenciais e a continuidade do calendário via ERE; e 2) apresentar dados de pesquisa de campo desenvolvida com professores da Educação Básica e Superior, na qual participaram 321 docentes de 14 Estados brasileiros. Por meio da aplicação de questionários digitais investigou-se, junto a esses professores, suas experiências, desafios, sentimentos, reflexões e como se objetivava a docência em formato remoto. Evidenciaram-se depoimentos de descontentamento e impotência frente às condições atuais do trabalho docente, grande angústia relacionada à aprendizagem dos estudantes e, também, relatos de esforços individuais e coletivos em prol de ações pedagógicas que desenvolvam o ERE do melhor modo possível.

This study aimed to examine the impact of Flipped Learning Strategy on developing listening skills of 7th grade female students in the United Arab Emirates. The study sample consisted of (44) female students selected by using the convenience sampling method from the Emirates Private School during the academic year of 2019 -2020. Those female students were distributed into two groups: An experimental group (22 students) and control group (22 students). The experimental group was taught the listening skills by using the Flipped Learning Strategy, and the control group was taught by the traditional method. To achieve the purpose of the study and answer its questions, a listening skills test was developed and its validity and reliability were also checked. At the end of the experiment which lasted for six weeks, the post-test of listening skills was carried out. The appropriate statistical methods were used to analyze the collected data. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the total score of the listening post-test and its three levels (audible discrimination, audible interpretation, audible criticism in favor of the experimental group. This indicates that the flipped learning strategy had a positive impact on developing the listening skills of sample students. Given such results, a number of recommendations were provided.

This study analyzes the effect of compensation system on teachers’ organizational commitment mediating by quality of work-life (QWL). The research data was collected by a questionnaire through the survey methods toward 325 teachers of a private school in Indonesia. Data analysis uses path analysis supported by descriptive statistics and correlational. The results show that compensation system had a significant effect on teachers’ organizational commitment mediating by QWL. This study also was found a fit research model can discuss among researchers and practitioners as references/discourse or a strategy for enhancing organizational commitment in various research fields and contexts.

The study examines teachers’ commitment to the curriculum applied in the classroom and relevant parent opinions. The qualitative case study design was used in the research. The research sample comprises four preschool teachers selected by the contingency sampling and eightparents selected by the criterion sampling. The data were collected through interview and document analysis techniques and analyzed with content analysis. Itwas found that the devotion of teachers working in private schools to the curriculum is higher than public school teachers.The teachers applied program adaptations within the scope of rearrangement, expansion and omitting patterns.As the adaptation factors are classified under 5 categories as "the influence of school administration, professional experience, the student readiness factors, parent expectation, and teacher interest in the subject. It has been determined that the public school students’ parents have more positive opinions about the program followed in the classroom compared to the private school students’ parents.

Introduction: Digitalization has increased tremendously after the COVID-19 and digital platforms have been used now for education due to the social distancing measures. But the question also arises as to whether the teachers are adapted to rendering classes on a virtual platform. Teachers have a very basic understanding of technology. The necessary resources and tools is often lacking to conduct online classes by the school teachers.The aim of the study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of online teaching among private school teachers in Chennai. Materials And Methods: This study is a cross-sectional survey and 150 teachers were randomly selected from the private higher secondary schools in Chennai. This study was conducted during the month of January and February 2021. The questionnaire was sent through online platforms to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding teaching on a virtual platform among private school teachers. The statistics was computed in SPSS software 22.0. Descriptive and Chi square tests were used to assess the association between the variables. Results: Most teachers used Smartphones for conducting the online classes(60%) and laptop(17%) and Ipad and tablet devices were also used. 57% of the teachers used a zoom application to conduct online classes and 20 % used WhatsApp calls for conducting online classes. Google meet, Skype were the other applications used for conducting online classes.There was a significant association between teachers' perspective on virtual teaching and their teaching experience. Conclusion: The study determined various perspectives from the school teachers about teaching on a virtual platform.The study concluded that 61.3% had insufficient knowledge and 38.7% had sufficient knowledge;44.7% had negative attitude and 55.7% had a positive attitude and regarding practice and 42% of study participants had inadequate practice and 58 had adequate practice on teaching on online platforms. © Srisakthi Doraikannan 2021.

Low levels of 'ocean literacy' has been identified in many countries and can be a barrier for citizens to engage in environmentally responsible behavior even though improving public awareness about the ocean can benefit society and the environment. This study assessed the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards the ocean of students grades 10-11 (ages 15-17) in Tanjungpinang, Indonesia, a region with strong connections with the sea. A survey was used in a public school and a private school, with a total of 200 students participating in a test about ocean knowledge and a survey about ocean attitude and behavior. Many test questions were aligned with the SOLE (The Survey of Ocean Literacy and Experience) based on 'Ocean Literacy Principles' established by the Ocean Literacy Campaign in the United States. Overall, respondents possess a moderate level of knowledge, a highly positive attitude towards the ocean environment, and a moderate level category on behavior. There are significant differences: the level of behavior in terms of class level, the level of knowledge, and attitudes in terms of subject interest. There is no significant difference in knowledge between private and public schools. There is a correlation between attitude and knowledge and also between attitude and behavior

This study explored the effect of compensation on teachers’ turnover intention mediated by organizational commitment. The research data was collected by a questionnaire through the survey methods toward 207 honorary teachers of a private school in Indonesia. Data analysis employed path analysis, supported by descriptive statistics and a correlational matrix. The result indicated that compensation significantly affects teachers’ turnover intention meditating by organizational commitment. This study also found a fit research model that can discuss among researchers and practitioners as references/discourse or a strategy for mitigating turnover intention in various contexts and research fields.

Teacher competency is the key to effective and quality teaching. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, competency denotes the ability, skill, and strength of an individual used to perform a given task. In order to ascertain the efficacy of the learning outcomes of any education system, teacher competency is measured using knowledge, skills, and attitude (KSA) model. The current study used the same model to assess teacher competency of the secondary school teachers of Islamabad. Stratified random sampling technique was used to choose the desired sample comprising 100 male and 100 female secondary school teachers teaching in Islamabad. Data were collected through personal visits of the selected schools. A self-developed questionnaire consisting of 20 items was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using various statistical techniques such as ANOVA and the mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient were also calculated. The findings revealed that there is a strong and positive association among all the determinants of teacher competency, that is, knowledge, skills and attitude. The study also found that female teachers have better teaching competency as compared to male teachers. Moreover, private school teachers showed better teaching competency than public school teachers. The study also revealed that teachers with less than 5 years of experience performed better than their seniors.

Avaliar o reflexo da alimentação vegetariana no estado nutricional de crianças de uma escola privada que adota tal alimentação na merenda; verificar a opinião dos pais e das crianças sobre o cardápio da instituição. Obteve-se o estado nutricional através do Índice de Massa Corpórea e a opinião dos pais sobre a merenda através de questionário. O valor nutricional do cardápio foi obtido através do software DIET PRO 5®. Obteve-se a opinião dos estudantes sobre a merenda através de escala hedônica. Observou-se inadequação em todos os macro e micronutrientes, em ao menos um dia da semana. As refeições eram bem aceitas pelas crianças, das quais 75% apresentaram eutrofia. 87% das famílias achavam a merenda vegetariana uma boa ideia; 3% tinham a opinião contrária e 10% eram indiferentes. Apesar da boa aceitação da merenda vegetariana e predominância da eutrofia, o acompanhamento profissional é importante, evitando possíveis deficiências nutricionais.

Shifting to online distance learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic challenged educators' roles as instructional materials designers. This study aimed to examine the students' acceptance of the teacher-designed e-learning tool called Google Forms-based Lesson Playlist (GF-LP) in a home-based online distance learning environment. This quantitative research analyzed 570 responses from Grades 11 and 12 students at a private school in the Philippines using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling. Results showed that perceived self-efficacy and system quality strongly affect the users' perceived ease of use while perceived ease of use highly influenced the students' perceived usefulness of GF-LP. Facilitating conditions do not affect the users' attitudes towards using the e-learning tool, which confirmed the effective utilization of GF-LP in online distance learning. The relationships between the original constructs of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) were also presented. This study recommends the use of GF-LP or its features for remote learning.

espanolEl estudio de las influencias del nivel sociocultural y el sexo sobre el desempeno fonetico-fonologico infantil se ha centrado principalmente en los anos preescolares y ha mostrado menos atencion sobre ninos escolares. Asimismo, escasos estudios analizan como estos dos factores interactuan en el desempeno infantil de ninos y ninas chilenos y que tipo de influencias manifiestan en el desempeno fonetico-fonologico. El objetivo del estudio es determinar el desempeno fonetico-fonologico entre ninos y ninas chilenos con desarrollo tipico del lenguaje provenientes de un establecimiento privado y de otro municipal. Metodologia. Participaron en este estudio 57 participantes, de los cuales 33 sujetos asisten al establecimiento privado (18 ninos y 15 ninas) y 24 sujetos asisten al establecimiento municipal (11 ninos y 13 ninas). Se aplico una prueba de repeticion de palabras y se analizaron las producciones utilizando una herramienta denominada Pauta de Clasificacion de Ajustes Fonetico-Fonologicos (CLAFF). Resultados. Los ninos del establecimiento municipal obtuvieron un desempeno significativamente menor en los participantes, aunque tales influencias socioculturales no afectan a los ninos y las ninas por igual. Para el sexo no hay diferencias significativas entre ninos y ninas. Conclusiones. Las influencias del sistema educativo municipal desfavorecen significativamente a los ninos y las ninas en los AFF de silaba y significativamente a las ninas en los AFF de rasgos. No se manifiestan diferencias estadisticas entre ninos y ninas de un mismo sistema educativo. EnglishThe study of the influences of the sociocultural level and sex on children’s phonetic-phonological performance has mainly focused on the preschool years and shown less attention on school. Furthermore, few studies analyze how these two factors interact in the child performance of the Chilean children’s and what type of influences they manifest in the phonetic-phonological performance. The objective of the study is to determine the phonetic-phonological performance among Chilean boys and girls with typical language development coming from a private and from another public school. Methodology. 57 informants participated in this study, of which 33 subjects attend the private school (18 boys and 15 girls) and 24 subjects attend the public school (11 boys and 13 girls). A word repetition test was applied and the productions were analyzed using a tool called Classification of Phonetic-Phonological Adjustments (CLAFF in spanish). Results. The children of the public school obtained a significantly lower performance in the participants, although such socio-cultural influences do not affect boys and girls equally. For the sex, there are no significant differences between boys and girls. Conclusions. The influences of the public educational system significantly disadvantage boys and girls in syllable AFFs and significantly girls in articulatory features AFFs. There are no statistical differences between boys and girls of the same educational system.

This study investigated writing errors committed by engineering students at An-Najah National University in Palestine and compared these errors based on school type. It analyzed errors in essays of 54 undergraduate students, 28 attended governmental schools, and 26 attended private schools. Errors were classified based on James's taxonomy. Results showed that both groups faced the same problems when writing in English, as the frequency of committed errors for both groups had the order of morphology, spelling, punctuation, formal, syntactic, semantic and ordering, except for formal errors being higher than punctuation for private school students. The study also concluded that no statistical significant differences were apparent in frequency of errors committed by the two groups. This indicates that private school students do not outperform their governmental school peers in school performance. Such results are necessary for parents and for the Ministry of Education as they oppose the general belief that performance of private school students is better.

Recent studies have found that adoptive parents invest in their children equally or more than biological parents do. Most of these studies observed relationships across families, comparing families with adopted children to those without. In this study, alternatively, we focused on within-family comparisons to more fully isolate the relationship between biological ties and parental investments. Using American Time Use Survey (2007–2018; n = 1,152 children) and American Community Survey (2014–2018; n = 34,673 children) data, we employed within-family fixed effects regression models and focused on both parental time and financial investments, using private school enrollment as a proxy for the latter. Our findings show that parents spent less one-on-one, quality, and total time daily with adopted children compared to biological children. In terms of financial investments, 90% of children in the sample received equal investments, meaning that either all or no siblings within the same family were enrolled in private school. However, among families with enrollment differences between siblings, adopted children were significantly less likely than their non-adopted siblings to be enrolled in private school. These findings show that adopted children within mixed-adoption families may receive equal or fewer investments than their non-adopted siblings. The findings highlight the possibility of selection as an interpretation of the adoptive-child advantage, illustrate the importance of within-family studies on this topic, and point to the complexity of parental investments in adopted children.

This is a study on the attitude of the secondary school teachers towards yoga education in schools in relation to their religious belief and mental health. Stratified purposeful sampling method was used. A significant difference in attitude towards yoga education was observed at 0.01 level between Hindu and Christian secondary school teachers of Malda and Murshidabad districts, West Bengal, India. The Hindu teachers possessing better mental health show better attitude towards yoga education in comparison to their Christian counterpart. The male teachers of government schools from Hindu vs. Christian religious faith show significant difference in attitude towards yoga education than their female counterpart. No significant difference in attitude towards yoga education in schools was observed between the male and female private school teachers of Malda district. However, the reverse is true for Murshidabad district.

A escola tem um papel fundamental na promoção da saúde, com um ambiente que propicia a adoção de práticas alimentares adequadas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de um programa educativo na aceitação de verduras e legumes por alunos que frequentam o período integral bilíngue de uma escola da rede privada na zona sul de São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção com abordagem lúdico-didática em três momentos, com a finalidade de favorecer a aceitação de verduras e legumes na alimentação oferecida na escola. Participaram do primeiro encontro 34 alunos, no segundo 32 e no terceiro 33. A idade média foi de 7,8 ± 1,18 anos e 29,5% de excesso de peso. Houve redução de resto ingestão da couve e a abobrinha e verificou-se ausência de padronização nas porções servidas. Como resultado do programa educativo, observou-se redução dos valores de resto-ingestão da couve e abobrinha, sem alteração na aceitação da abóbora quando comparados aos valores iniciais.

Este estudo traz a percepção dos professores em relação aos recursos educativos que utilizam durante as aulas de Educação Física para incluir todos os alunos independentes da sua deficiência. A pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os recursos educativos, sob a ótica dos professores, utilizados nas aulas de Educação Física para inclusão. O método utilizado foi de abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritiva. Os participantes do estudo foram três professores de Educação Física de uma escola da rede privada de Maceió que atuam há, pelo menos, três anos no Ensino Fundamental II. Como instrumento de coleta de dados utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada, recorrendo à análise de conteúdo por categorias para analisar os dados. Nos resultados encontrados, evidenciou-se que os professores reconhecem a importância de trabalhar com recursos educativos durante suas aulas para facilitar o aprendizado dos alunos e maximizar a inclusão, porém, é visível a necessidade de aprimorar seus conhecimentos técnicos e como utilizar os recursos durante suas aulas. Contudo, percebeu-se que os recursos educativos são extremamente importantes para às aulas, pois, com a utilização deles, o professor consegue, sobretudo, melhorar o relacionamento entre os alunos facilitando as atividades a qual serão trabalhadas. Recebido em: 30/06/2020 Reformulado em: 02/02/2021 Aceito em: 02/02/2021

espanolEn la presente investigacion descriptiva con diseno de campo no experimental y documental se analiza la gestion y liderazgo del docente en al proceso de ensenanza-aprendizaje en el aula. El estudio se realiza en el primer ano de bachillerato del colegio particular “Sergio Nunez Santamaria” (Guayaquil, Ecuador). Para la recoleccion de los datos se aplico un instrumento de 60 items con escala tipo Likert con las opciones: permanentemente, casi permanente, casi nunca y nunca. Los instrumentos se validaron a traves de criterios de expertos y una prueba piloto (indice Alfa Cronbach 0,99). La relacion entre las variables se determino mediante el coeficiente de correlacion de Pearson, obteniendo valores de 0,694 y 0,721 para la muestra de docentes y la muestra de estudiantes respectivamente. Ambos valores indican una correlacion positiva directa y categorizada como buena, expresando relacion directa entre que el liderazgo docente y la gestion pedagogica. El estilo de liderazgo es medianamente efectivo prevaleciendo el transformacional y el prosocial, con competencias especificas y genericas efectivas, sobresaliendo la comunicativa, el emprendimiento y trabajo en equipo. Los docentes se caracterizan con una gestion pedagogica efectiva, donde planificacion, ejecucion de estrategias y evaluacion del aprendizaje, prevalecen porcentualmente igual. EnglishIn the present descriptive research with non-experimental and documentary field design, the management and leadership of the teacher in the teaching-learning process in the classroom is analyzed. The study is carried out in the first year of high school at the “Sergio Nunez Santamaria” private school (Guayaquil, Ecuador). For data collection, an instrument of 60 items with a Likert-type scale was applied with the options: permanently, almost permanent, almost never and never. The instruments were validated through expert criteria and a pilot test (Alpha Cronbach index 0.99). The relationship between the variables was determined using Pearson's correlation coefficient, obtaining values of 0.694 and 0.721 for the sample of teachers and the sample of students, respectively. Both values indicate a direct positive correlation and categorized as good, expressing a direct relationship between teacher leadership and pedagogical management. The leadership style is moderately effective, prevailing the transformational and the prosocial, with effective specific and generic competencies, highlighting the communicative, entrepreneurship and teamwork. Teachers are characterized with effective pedagogical management, where planning, execution of strategies and evaluation of learning, prevail in equal percentage.

BACKGROUND School is an important place for physical activity (PA); however, little is known about how homeschool students' PA levels compare with public and private school students. This study estimated the national prevalence of PA levels of homeschool students compared to public and private school students. METHODS We used the 2017 National Household Travel Survey for school-aged participants (N = 31,486) to compare weekly PA (not active, light or moderate activity, or vigorous activity) by school type (public/private or homeschool) and school level (elementary, middle, and high school). RESULTS Unadjusted analyses found higher prevalence of physical inactivity for homeschool students, 14.2% (95% CI, 9.7-18.7%), compared to public/private school students, 8.0% (95% CI, 7.1-9.0%). For students who reported any PA, there was no difference in mean number of episodes for light or moderate PA [public/private: 4.2 (95%, CI, 4.1-4.3), homeschool: 4.3 (95% CI, 3.9-4.6)], or vigorous PA [public/private: 5.6 (95% CI, 5.5-5.7); homeschool: 5.5 (95% CI, 4.9-6.0)]. Results were comparable for covariate-adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS A higher percentage of homeschool students report being physically inactive compared to public/private school students. However, data with more specific measures of PA intensity and duration are required to determine the potential magnitude of reported differences in behavior.

Background. Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) communication is most likely to promote healthy sexual practices and to reduce risky sexual behavior among adolescents. Communication is the principal means for parents to transmit sexual values and knowledge to their children. Although there are few studies conducted on parent-adolescent communication, there is no study conducted in the town of Ambo. This study was aimed at assessing the level of parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues and its associated factors among school students in Ambo town, Oromia, Ethiopia. Method. An institution-based concurrent mixed-method cross-sectional study was conducted among 591 secondary and preparatory school students in Ambo town from February 24th to March 9th, 2019. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study subject. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires, and FGD was conducted with parents of students. Data was entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23.0 for statistical analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to ascertain the association using a 95% confidence interval (CI) and p value ( AOR = 2.07 , 95% CI: 1.40-3.07), private school ( AOR = 2.77 , 95% CI: 1.17-3.69), a father with secondary education ( AOR = 2.93 , 95% CI: 1.05-8.12) and diploma and above ( AOR = 3.27 , 95% CI: 1.23-8.71), considering sex education necessary ( AOR = 2.83 , 95% CI: 1.22-6.57), got information about SRH issues from school ( AOR = 2.01 , 95% CI: 1.06-2.36) and media ( AOR = 2.92 , 95% CI: 1.49-3.71), and mother’s openness to communicate about SRH issues ( AOR = 3.30 , 95% CI: 1.31-4.05) were found to be significantly associated with parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues. Conclusions. The study showed that parent-adolescent communication on SRH issues is low. Being female, those from a private school, father’s education, perceived importance of sex education, source of information about SRH issues (school and media), and mother’s openness to communicate about SRH issues were identified to be factors associated with the communication. Therefore, the concerned body should consider the identified factors to improve the current level of parent-adolescent communication and adolescent reproductive health.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge among students at private school towards hand hygiene and oral health in Medan, Indonesia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 498 students aged 6-12 years of Methodist 3 Primary School in Medan, Indonesia. Knowledge was asssed using hand hygiene and oral health questionnare. Results: 86.95% of students (426 out of 490) had good knowledge regarding hand hygiene and 78.4% of students (384 out of 490) had good knowledge regarding oral health. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that comprehensive hand hygiene and oral health educational programs for primary students are required to achieved this goal.

In this study; It is aimed to examine the effects of distance education on preschool children. In this study, a case study based on qualitative data made with semi-structured interview technique was conducted by the preschool teachers of children who went to the preschool institution to examine the effect of distance education on children, and analyzed by content analysis method. In the study conducted in the COVID-19 epidemic period in the 2019-2020 spring period, the teachers of the students going to public and private schools were interviewed from afar. When other results obtained from the study are analyzed, 35 pre-school teachers participated in the study and the majority of the study consists of women between the ages of 30 and 35. The majority of the participants are undergraduate graduates, and it is stated that they work in a private school and are also teachers for 6 years or more. In addition, while it was stated that distance education is inefficient compared to face to face education, it was determined that the biggest problem in the distance education process was communication. It has been found that the greatest contribution of distance education in the pandemic process is that it ensures that children do not leave education. Keywords: Education, preschool period, child, child development, technology, distance education, preschool teacher.

Resumo Analisamos o trabalho educativo nas aulas de Educação Física (EF), discutindo-o na sua relação com os propósitos da inclusão de estudantes com deficiência numa escola regular privada. No geral, alinhamos a investigação com a base teórica crítico-dialética e, nesta, o método da ascensão do abstrato ao concreto elaborado por Kosik (2011). Utilizamos o estudo de caso via estudo documental (o planejamento da professora, o Projeto Político Pedagógico e os perfis da turma) e de campo, tendo como sujeitos: a professora, a coordenadora, a psicóloga, a diretora e 21 estudantes. Concluímos, após doze aulas observadas, que houve aproximação com a EF Crítico-Superadora, mediante adequações no planejamento das aulas, das atividades e dos materiais utilizados, visando à apropriação dos estudantes sobre o conteúdo tratado. As análises dos documentos e entrevistas explicitaram que não houve restrição à participação dos estudantes com deficiência, revelando a concretização do trabalho inclusivo. Abstract We analyzed the educational work in Physical Education (PE) classes by relating it to the purposes of inclusion of students with disabilities at a regular, private school. In general, the research was in line with the critical-dialectical theoretical basis and thus with Kosik’s (2011) method of rising from abstract to concrete. Case study was used via documental study (teacher’s planning, Political-Pedagogical Project and the class’s profiles) and field study focused on: teacher, coordinator, psychologist, principal, and 21 students. After observing 12 lessons, we found that there was approximation with Critical-Overcoming PE through adjustments in lessons planning, activities, and materials used so that students could appropriate content. Analyses of the documents and interviews showed that there was no restriction on participation of students with disabilities, pointing out that inclusive work was accomplished. Resumen El objetivo fue analizar la labor educativa en Educación Física (EF) en su relación con los propósitos de la inclusión de estudiantes con discapacidad en una escuela privada regular. En general, alineamos la investigación con la base teórica crítico dialéctica y, en esta, el método de lo abstracto a lo concreto de Kosik (2011). Utilizamos el estudio de caso a través del estudio documental (planificación del maestro, el Proyecto Político Pedagógico y los perfiles de los alumnos) y de campo. Tuvimos como sujetos: la profesora, la coordinadora, la psicóloga, la directora y 21 estudiantes. Concluimos, después de doce clases observadas, que hubo aproximación a la EF Crítico Superadora mediante adecuaciones en la planificación de las clases, de las actividades y de los materiales utilizados, buscando la apropiación de los estudiantes sobre el contenido tratado. El análisis de documentos y entrevistas evidenció que no hubo restricción a la participación de los estudiantes con discapacidad, revelando la concretización del trabajo inclusivo.

Adolescents are vulnerable to various life stresses and often adapt to negative coping mechanisms in the form of self-harm. We designed a study to assesses the comparative prevalence, social determinants and risk of self-harm among cohorts of adolescent school children. We investigated the impact of a health education intervention on the knowledge of prevention of self-harm among public and independent/private school adolescents in New Delhi, India. Method: Questionnaire data was collected for phase - I from (n = 100 each) adolescents of government and private schools, to determine risk and prevalence. Phase II data was acquired following the provision of an education booklet on prevention of self-harm from adolescents (government n=39 and private schools n=40) reporting moderate risk. Results: The prevalence of self-harm was 40% among government and 38% among private school adolescents. There were 4% of adolescents in private and 1% in government schools who demonstrated moderate to high risk of self-harm. There was a significant association between self-harm and risk factors including impulsiveness, interpersonal relationships, academic, peer influence, abuse and media influence. Health Education was effective in increasing the knowledge of both cohorts on self-harm behaviour, and its prevention. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the benefit of health education intervention regarding awareness of self-harm behaviour.

The present study attempts to compare teacher effectiveness, general intelligence and creativity of secondary school teachers in relation to gender and type of school. The sample for the study consisted of 850 secondary school teachers of Punjab. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant difference in teacher effectiveness of male and female secondary school teachers. The significant main effect of type of school is independent of gender groups, i.e. government school teachers are effective both in case of male and female groups of school teachers. There is significant difference in general intelligence of male and female secondary school teachers, female teachers being more intelligent as compared to male teachers, both in case of government and private schools. The results also show that male teachers of private secondary schools are more creative than female teachers of private secondary schools but not in case of government secondary schools. Government school teachers are significantly high on creativity than private school teachers only in case of female group and not in case of male teachers. Teacher effectiveness is positively and significantly related with general intelligence and creativity among secondary school teachers.

This study aimed to study the social variables associated with abnormal behavior among a sample of students in basic education schools (official), as well as to study the social variables associated with abnormal behavior in a sample of students in basic education schools (private - public). And the explanation of the relationship between the type of education (official / private) and the psychological and social variables, and the explanation of the relationship between the type of education (official / private) and abnormal behavior. The study used the experimental curriculum of a sample of (120) pupils, so that (60) pupils were selected from Al-Baron Private School and (60) pupils from Shaheed Muhammad Abu Shakra Distinguished Official School with a total of (120) pupils and a sample of workers in the same schools from Teachers and administrators with a total of (40) employees, so that (20) of them were from Al-Baron Private School, (20) from Shaheed Muhammad Abu Shakra Distinguished Official School, and a sample of mentors and managers from public schools and private schools totaled (40) experts. The study reached the most important results, including the first hypothesis, which states: "There is a correlation between social variables and anomalous environmental behaviors among students of the basic education stage." The second hypothesis was accepted, which states: "There is a correlation between psychological variables and abnormal environmental behaviors among students of the basic education stage." The third hypothesis of the study was rejected, which states that there are statistically significant significant differences in the social variables associated with the emergence of abnormal environmental behaviors in children, the stage of basic education according to the type of education, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted as there are no differences between the opinions of the sample of children and workers according to The type of education (formal / private) about the social variables associated with abnormal behaviors in children.

Background and Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence of dental caries through the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index ​​of students belonging to the three different education systems of Pakistan in order to ascertain the baseline statistics for the Pakistani student population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the year 2018 to record DMFT scores of students studying in madrassas, government and private schools of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A total of 663 students underwent a DMFT evaluation by trained dentists following the consent of their parents. The results were analyzed by using one way ANOVA and post-hoc tests for comparing DMFT scores among the students of different school system using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and a P-value of

This research's objectives were to examine whether Instagram as a Learning Media is useful toward students' writing recount text or not and measuring how significant the effect of Instagram on students’ writing recount text before and after treatment. This quasi-experimental research involved 35 students as participants from two different classes. Researchers took 10th graders from a selected private school in Purbalingga as research samples. Two IPS classes were selected, i.e., X IPS 1 was set as an experimental class, and X IPS 2 was set as a control class. The data were collected from the score of pre-test and post-test after the treatment. Researchers then compared the students’ achievement from control and experimental classes and analyzed the data using descriptive analysis and N-gain. The research findings indicated a significant achievement of students' competencies in using Instagram than conventional learning in writing recount text. The average N-gain score from experimental class and control class obtained 0.308 > 0.057. The Mean score of pre-test in experimental and control class obtained 69.875 > 64.818 and the Mean score of post-test in experimental and control class was 79.461 > 67.142. As a result, the experimental class's mean score was higher than the control class means Instagram as a Learning Media is useful in writing recount text.

The study is about the difference of Private and Public elementary school graduates. The type of elementary school in which a person graduated from is a factor that can affect their future academic performance; it can also be a factor for schools in choosing which student to accept in their community. It also test and shows the quality of the teachers in both types of school. The researchers conducted the study to verify if there was an actual difference on the academic performance of the graduates on each of the two types of elementary school. The researchers believe that the results of this study will be beneficial to a lot of people especially students and teachers. The researchers collected, compared, and interpret the grades of students of both public school graduates and private school graduates. The gathered data are test using different statistical tools and formulas. This study found out that there is a significant difference between public school graduates and private school graduates in terms of academic performance.

This study aims to improve science process skills of class X1 high school students in private school in Tasikmalaya regency through the application of problem based learning (PBL) based e-modules. Data on studnets’ process skills ability were obtained through quantitave data. The research design used was true experimental research with a pretest-posttest control group design. Quantitave data were obtainedd through the pretest and posttest which included tests of scientific processing skills (cognitive). The result of the effectiveness test illustrate that the e-module based on Problem Based Learning can improve students’ science process skils with a gain score for the control and treatment groups obtained tcount = 2,576 > ttabel = 2,002 at α = 0,05. Although the effective contribution of treatment to the treatment class was only approximately 10,6%, the effectiveness of this e-module is supported by presentasion of problem based material which is able to encourage students to learn.

The tendency of educational opportunities polarization, which accompanied by segregation and stratification of secondary education, is empirically confirmed in Ukraine. Children from elite families, who are determined by social distance, individual and personal inequality, disparities in social conditions of development and social selection, are new target group of socio-pedagogical research. The aim of the article is to represent the theoretical and experimental study of the social situation and experience of primary school pupils from elite families and its impact on the trajectory of their social development. The survey, conducted in March-June 2020, involved parents of 143 children from elite families aged 6-8. It was determined that the socio-economic situation of the children family, affects their social experience and the educational trajectory of pupils. The leading role in raising a child belongs to educational institutions in 2% of family, despite the fact that in most elite families the educational function is equally distributed between both parents. It forms a specific demand for a school that has to educate children. Private schools could face the problem of forming responsibilities, as most primary school pupils from elite families have no domestic responsibilities, and their behavior may be partly antisocial. It because family education is not based on the causal links of the child's negative behavior and the equival punishment for it. The main demands on private schools for children from elite families are overcoming or minimizing shyness and isolation; fears and phobias; hyperactivity, emotional instability and capriciousness.

The present study aimed to verify the effectiveness of a psychological compatibility program for the development of psychological compatibility in children with early autism disorder. The study sample consisted of (100) normal (ordinary) children from the Al-Hoda Private School affiliated to the Maadi Educational Administration. (20) children with autism disorder divided into (10) experimental groups and (10) control groups. The study tools included - Autism Diagnostic Scale (Numbers / Abdul Aziz Al-Person، 2013)، IQ Scale (Good Anfe Harris), Economic and Social Level Scale (Numbers/Abdulaziz Al- person، 2013), Psychological Compatibility Scale (Preparation/Researcher)، Program (Preparation / Researcher)، and the results of the study resulted in - There are statistically significant differences between the mean grades of the experimental group children and the average scores of the children of the control group in the post-measurement scale Psychological compatibility in the direction of the children of the experimental group - There are statistically significant differences between the mean of the scores of the experimental group in the pre and post measurements on the psychological compatibility scale in the post-measurement- there are no statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the experimental group's scores in the two dimensions and the tracer on the scale Psychological compatibility.

This study aims to describe literacy skills, both mathematical literacy, and language literacy, as well as the self-confidence of junior high school students based on public and private school accreditation. The research method used was a descriptive qualitative. The subjects of this study consisted of 169 students from 7 randomly selected schools. The instruments used were mathematical literacy questions, language literacy questions, and self-confidence questionnaires which were supported by interviews. The data analysis technique used qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded: (1) Mathematical literacy skills at state schools with A accreditation were sufficiently able to apply the processes of communication literacy, representation, reasoning, and arguments, devising strategies for solving problems, symbols and formalism. Mathematical literacy at state schools with B accreditation was quite capable of implementing the Mathematising Representation literacy process and devising strategies for solving problems. Mathematical literacy in private schools with A accreditation was quite capable of implementing the devising strategies for solving problems literacy process. And, Mathematical literacy in private schools with B accreditation was quite capable of implementing the communication literacy process. (2) Language literacy skills in public and private schools with A and B accreditation showed the same ability. (3) The self-confidence level of students, both public and private schools based on accreditation A and B, was in the sufficient category, and contributed to students confidence and the quality of education.

This article aims to explore the level of teacher job satisfaction based on external factors, namely organizational policy factors, availability of promotion opportunities, and direct supervisor supervision. Participants in this study were 216 Muhammadiyah high school teachers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, consisting of 79 men and 137 women. They become participants in this research voluntarily and are determined randomly. The data collection method was carried out by the teachers filling out the survey instruments deliberately. The data that has collected, then we process it using descriptive quantitative data processing techniques using SPSS 25. The results show that 1). The level of teacher job satisfaction from the aspect of organizational policy has a dominant distribution in the very high category (79.6%), in the high category was 16.7%, in the medium category was 3.2%, while those in the low category were as much as 0.5% ; 2) The level of teacher job satisfaction regarding supervision was included in the very high category (89.8%), in the high category was 18.3%, in the medium category was 0.9%, and in the low category were as much as 0.9%; 3) The level of teacher satisfaction on aspects of promotion opportunity has a dominant distribution in the very high category (81%), in the high category was 11.1%, in the medium category was 7.4%, and in the low category were as much us 0.5%. These results indicate that the level of job satisfaction of teachers at SMA Muhammadiyah in Yogyakarta Indonesia is at a very high level of satisfaction. In the future, further research is needed regarding the level of teacher job satisfaction from various other factors, both internal and external, to obtain a more comprehensive picture.

This study belongs to the qualitative (descriptive) – analytical type of studies in which the two-fold sample-survey is used in its analytical and field aspects, using also the quasi-experimental method for identifying the impact of the independent variable on comics setting which is the environmental attitudes and environmental behaviors in a sample of children, using in this, the one-group designing. This study aims at identifying the role of environmental comics in developing environmental attitudes and environmental behaviors in a sample of children aged (5-7 yrs. old). The study sample is divided into two samples, the analytical sample listened to some comics designed specially for this research. It consists of (62) male/female students, divided into (30-males and 32 females), selected from El-Nagah Private School (both devisions Arabic and language). The study uses a pictured environmental scale for attitudes and environmental scale for behaviors as a tool for collecting data. The study comes to that: There are statistically significant differences in the scores obtained by the study sample in the scale of environmental attitudes before and after the application of the program in favor of the post application. There are statistically significant differences in the scores obtained by the study sample in the scale of environmental behaviors before and after the application of the program in favor of the post application

The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of high school student attendance in PhysicalEducation classes and analyze associated factors. The sample consisted of 2,874 public and privatehigh school students (57.9% women, mean age of 16.5 years; SD = 1.2) from João Pessoa, Paraiba (PB)state in Northeastern Brazil. Attendance in Physical Education classes was measured by the followingquestion: ‘How many Physical Education classes do you attend during a normal week? The associatedfactors measured were: attitude, self-efficacy, risks and benefits related to physical activity, perceivedhealth, level of physical activity, sedentary behavior and nutritional status. It was observed that 41.9%(95% CI: 40.1-43.7) of the students attended two or more Physical Education classes per week, with ahigher incidence in public schools (56.6%, 95%CI: 54.6-58.9) than in their private counterparts (6.6%,95%CI: 4.9-8.2; p

Textbook is one of the primary resources to support teaching and learning. From the survey of the target school, the current secondary mathematics textbook does not match with Curriculum 2013 and heavy in size. Based on that survey, need analysis was conducted and it was recommended that the requirement of the textbook aligned with 2013 Curriculum, using proper English, and light in size. This research purpose is to produce the secondary mathematics textbook that matches the school’s need. The method of research is Research and Development with model of ADDIE. The study was conducted in a private school in Jakarta with 96 students of grade 8 and 10 teachers in 2018. Instruments used are need analysis, validity expert, and test. Analysis of data use description of expert judgment based on content, language and design criteria and descriptive statistic for pre-test and post-test. The result was the textbook is valid and matches with the needs of that school.

Ações de educação alimentar e nutricional que incentivem a promoção da alimentação saudável para crianças da educação infantil são de extrema importância para a construção de hábitos alimentares na vida adulta e o ambiente escolar é bastante propício às estas ações. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi desenvolver ações educativas ligadas à alimentação para promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis para crianças da educação infantil pertencentes a uma escola privada em São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção com 187 crianças de quatro a seis anos do ensino infantil de uma escola privada em São Paulo. Após aceite e autorização dos pais e/ou responsáveis por meio do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, as crianças participaram de sete atividades lúdicas com alimentos e preparações que incentivaram o maior conhecimento das frutas, verduras e legumes, bem como a promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. De modo geral, as crianças tem bom conhecimento sobre os alimentos, em especial, as frutas. Quanto à aceitação dos alimentos, os legumes apresentaram baixa aceitação enquanto que as frutas foram bem mais aceitas. As atividades práticas parecem aumentar a aceitação de alimentos e preparações com verduras e legumes. Conclui-se, portanto, que as atividades lúdicas propostas foram bem compreendidas e aderidas pelas crianças, que mostraram bastante interesse e participação. Pelos critérios utilizados, avalia-se que houve um impacto positivo no conhecimento dos alimentos e na aceitação dos mesmos. Sugere-se que ações contínuas de educação alimentar e nutricional para crianças devam fazer parte de sua rotina no ambiente escolar.

يهدف البحث الحال الى تحديد فاعلية نظرية التلمذة المعرفية في تنمية مهارات حل المشکلات لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الاعدادية في مادة العلوم، تکونت عينة البحث من عينة عشوائية 35 تلميذة من الصف الأول الاعدادي بمدرسة طلائع جابر الأنصاري الخاصة، التابعة لإدارة الزيتون، ثم تطبيق مقياس مهارات حل المشکلات (اعداد: الباحثة). وأشارت النتائج الى ان التدريس وفق نظرية التلمذة المعرفية يؤدي الى زيادة دافعية التلاميذ للتعلم، ويجعل التلميذ محور العملية التعليمية، ويتيح للتلاميذ الفرصة للنقاش حول الحلول الممکنة والقدرة على تنمية مهارات تفکيرهم العليا، ويجعلهم أکثر قدرة على توليد الأفکار والبدائل وصولا الى قرارات سليمة. وفي ضوء النتائج يوصى بتطوير مناهج العلوم في ضوء نظرية التلمذة المعرفية، وضرورة الاهتمام بتنمية مهارات حل المشکلات، والتنوع في اساليب التدريس التي تنمي مهارات التفکير، وضرورة تدريب المعلمين والمعلمات على التدريس وفق هذه النظرية لأنها تشکل دورا فعالا في تنمية مهارات التفکير. The current research aims to determine the effectiveness of epistemic discipleship theory in developing problem-solving skills for middle school students in science, the research sample consisted of a random sample of 35 students from the first intermediate class at Tala'i Jaber Al-Ansari Private School, affiliated with the Department of Olives, then applying the scale of problem-solving skills (Prepared by: the researcher( The results indicated that teaching according to the discipleship theory of knowledge leads to an increase in students' motivation to learn, makes the student the focus of the educational process, and gives students the opportunity to discuss about possible solutions and the ability to develop their higher thinking skills, and makes them more able to generate ideas and alternatives to reach sound decisions. In light of the results, it is recommended to develop science curricula in the light of cognitive discipline theory, and the need to pay attention to developing problem-solving skills, diversity in teaching methods that develop thinking skills, and the need to train teachers and teachers to teach according to this theory because it constitutes an effective role in developing thinking skills.

This study was held to identify the factors behind students’ lack of verbal participation in English class. This research was a qualitative case study research, with 26 students of grade VIII at one private school in Jakarta as the subject of research. The instrument used was questionnaire which analyzed using thematic-analysis method. The results showed there are five factors influencing students’ lack of verbal participation. It started from teacher’s personality that makes the students having lack of self-efficacy in English lesson, lack of self-confidence in speaking English, lack of preparation before the English class begins, and the fear of making mistakes and being laughed at by others. This study also suggested some teaching strategies that could be used by the teachers to improve students’ verbal participation in English class or to overcome the factors behind students’ lack of verbal participation, such as Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL), Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL), and Cooperative Learning (CL).

For the purpose of national development, the contribution of citizens of a country in general, and the contribution of youth, in particular, are of immense importance. The youth of today is full of vigor and vitality. Because of this vagueness and vitality, they accept challenges. To show their best, they can accept any challenges even though it is risky for their life, they think that by taking a risk, they show their talent. During their work period, they have to take risks only one time, and then if their life would be saved better results will be before then.

Historically, physics education exhibits alarming rates based on microdata from the national high school exam (NHSE), which today makes it little attractive and demotivator for students. Thus, in order to reduce such difficulties, it is relevant to present a complementary teaching proposal through a didactic sequence that involves concept map (MC), questionnaire, experiments and the circuit lab software based on the Peer Instruction method in the Electrodynamic classes. The Edmodo platform is used as a tool to assist in the evaluation of the teaching and learning process of students. The pedagogical intervention was carried out through five meetings in August 2018 in a private school in the city of Benevides-PA with a day class of 12 students from the 3rd year of high school. The research carried out has quanti-qualitative nature with diversified activities and found that more than 60% of the students had improved performance, besides the motivation to seek to know and explore more about the investigated topic. An analogy and difference was made with other works. It is concluded that the proposal obtained good results for facilitating students knowledge and learning in the study of electrodynamics., O ensino de física historicamente apresenta índices alarmantes como mostram os microdados do exame nacional do ensino médio (ENEM), fazendo com que ainda hoje seja pouco atrativo e desmotivador para os alunos. Assim, com o intuito de reduzir tais dificuldades é relevante apresentar uma proposta de ensino complementar por meio de uma sequência didática que envolva mapa conceitual (MC), questionário, experimentos e o software circuit lab baseada no método peer instruction (Instrução pelos Colegas) nas aulas de Eletrodinâmica. A plataforma Edmodo é usada como ferramenta para auxiliar na avaliação do processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos. A pesquisa foi realizada em cinco dias durante o mês 08/2018 em uma escola da rede privada de ensino no município de Benevides-PA com uma turma diurna de 12 alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio. Com a pesquisa de cunho quanti-qualitativa foi possível desenvolver atividades diversificadas e constatar que mais de 60% dos alunos obtiveram rendimento melhorado, além de motivação para buscar conhecer e explorar mais sobre o tema investigado. Foi feita uma analogia e diferença com outros trabalhos. Conclui-se que a proposta obteve bons resultados por facilitar a intermediação do conhecimento e do processo de aprendizagem dos alunos no estudo da Eletrodinâmica.

Tecnologias digitais estão presentes em nossas vidas e isso muda de forma importante a forma como nos comunicamos e aprendemos. Nas escolas, essas tecnologias podem ser utilizadas como mediadores da aprendizagem, possibilitando aos estudantes a apropriação de novos conteúdos, ou a ressignificação de conteúdos já aprendidos. Esse estudo teve por objetivo desvelar apropriações de novos conhecimentos por parte de estudantes de uma escola privada da cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, quando participaram como atores de um coletivo pensante seres-humanos-com-GeoGebra-e-smartphone. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de observações realizadas durante uma atividade que tinha como objetivo a demonstração da fórmula de Bhaskara com o uso do GeoGebra, por meio de um questionário. Os resultados mostraram que novos conhecimentos foram apropriados e revelaram a importância da compreensão da aprendizagem como resultado das interações entre os atores humanos e não humanos de um coletivo.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe concussion reporting and return to learn and play among high school students. METHODS: Self-reported survey data of 1,999 New England private preparatory high school students who played sports or engaged in recreational activities were collected in 2018. Descriptive and bivariate statistics are presented. RESULTS: Three in ten respondents (31.4%) reported ever sustaining a concussion and 22.0% did not report at least one concussion to an adult. The most common reasons for not reporting included wanting to keep playing their sport (58.0%) and not thinking the injury was that serious (53.6%). Girls and students in higher grades took longer to return to school and sports. A quarter of students reported pretending to have a faster recovery in order to return to school or sports. CONCLUSION: Private school students who play sports or engage in recreational activity may be at risk of sustaining concussions and may not report their symptoms due to a lack of understanding the seriousness of concussion, not wanting to fall behind in school, or out of desire to continue playing their sport. Teachers, coaches, and parents can stress reporting as the first step in recovery.