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Objectives: To determine the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to assess fear of movement (kinesiophobia): the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-NL Heart), and to investigate the prevalence of kinesiophobia in patients attending cardiac rehabilitation., Methods: A total of 152 patients were evaluated with the TSK-NL Heart during intake and 7 days later. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity were assessed. For construct validity, the Cardiac Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used. The factor structure of the TSK-NL Heart was determined by a principal component analysis (PCA)., Results: After removal of 4 items due to low internal consistency, the TSK-NL Heart showed substantial reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC: 0.80). A strong positive correlation was found between the TSK-NL Heart and the CAQ (rs: 0.61). Strong positive correlations were found between the TSK-NL Heart and the HADS (Anxiety) (rs: 0.60) and between the TSK-NL Heart and the CAQ (rs: 0.61). The PCA revealed a 3-factor structure as most suitable (fear of injury, avoidance of physical activity, perception of risk). High levels of kinesiophobia were found in 45.4% of patients., Conclusion: The 13-item TSK-NL Heart has good psychometric properties, and we recommend using this version to assess kinesiophobia, which is present in a substantial proportion of patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation.

Introduction: Some accurate tools exist to assess fear-avoidance behavior, such as the Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (TSK) in individuals with musculoskeletal problems. The current research aims to compare the psychometric characteristics of the original 17-items TSK questionnaire and its 11-item brief version in chronic non-specific low-back pain (CNSLBP). Materials and Methods: In this test development study, 295 patients with CNSLBP referred to the physiotherapy clinic of Milad Hospital in Tehran city, Iran were evaluated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and α Cronbach was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the original and brief version of the TSK, respectively. For goodness-of-fit, the Χ²/df, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), goodness-of-fit index (GFI), and comparative fit index (CFI) indices were used. Results: Internal consistency specified by Cronbach's α was 0.949 for the original version of the questionnaire and 0.927 for the brief one. Based on the CFA findings, the goodness-of-fit indices for the brief version were GFI=0.921, RMSEA=0.078 (90% confidence interval (CI), 0.062%-0.094%), comparative fit index (CFI)=0.981, and Χ²/df=2.791. These indices for the original one were 0.882, 0.066 (90% CI, 0.055%-0.076%), 0.983, and 2.270, respectively. A significant correlation was found between these two versions (P<0.001). These findings confirm the adequacy of the brief version of the TSK. Conclusion: The brief version of TSK can be considered a reliable and valid tool to evaluate somatic focus and activity avoidance in patients with CNSLBP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), an instrument for measuring fear of movement/(re)injury, has been confirmed as an important predictor for the persistence of pain-related disability. The aims of this study were to evaluate the psychometric properties of a German version of the TSK (TSK-GV), examining aspects of content validity with special focus on fear-avoidance and endurance, and to confirm criterion-related validity in patients with low back pain (LBP). Methods: A total of 191 patients with LBP were included in this study. Several models with different factor structures from published studies were compared in a confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistencies of the TSK-GV and its subscales were examined, and correlations with related self-report measures were calculated. Results: The internal consistency of the TSK-GV was a = 0.73. A two-factor model with 11 items was found to be the best fit for our data. The two factors were labelled Somatic Focus (SF) and Activity Avoidance (AA). The total score, SF and AA revealed moderate to high correlations with other fear-avoidance variables. Conclusions: The TSK-GV is a reliable and valid measure for assessing the fear of movement/(re)injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (TSK) was developed to measure fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic pain patients. Although studies of the Dutch adaptation of the TSK have identified fear of movement/(re)injury as an important predictor of chronic pain, pain-related avoidance behaviour, and disability, surprisingly little data on the psychometric properties of the original English version of the TSK are available. The present study examined the reliability, construct validity and factor structure of the TSK in a sample of chronic pain patients (n =200) presenting for an interdisciplinary functional restoration program. Consistent with prior evaluations of the Dutch version of the TSK, the present findings indicate that the English TSK possesses a high degree of internal consistency and is positively associated with related measures of fear-avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing, pain-related disability and general negative affect. The TSK was not related to individual differences in physical performance testing as assessed using standardised treadmill and lifting tasks. Confirmatory factor analyses suggest that the TSK is best characterized by a three-factor traith method model that includes all 17 of the original scale items and takes into account the distinction between positively and negatively keyed items. The results of the present study provide important details regarding the psychometric properties of the original English version of the TSK and suggest that it may be unnecessary to remove the negatively keyed items in an attempt to improve scale validity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An abstract of the article "Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Norwegian Version of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia," by Anne Julsrud Haugen and colleagues is presented.