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Background: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a significant public health issue that adversely affects the quality of life of patients and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden, with varying prevalence rates across study populations in Chinese women. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the prevalence of OAB in Chinese women. Methods: Relevant published articles on the prevalence of OAB in Chinese women were searched through July 21, 2022, using PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, and VIP databases. After the independent screening of articles, data extraction, and quality assessment of included studies by two investigators, a meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0 software, and the prevalence was determined using a random-effects model. To identify potential sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analyses were conducted with subgroup categories including age, Body Mass Index (BMI), region, and survey year. Publication bias was assessed by visually examining the funnel plot and Egger's test. Results: Twenty studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results of the random-effects model indicated that the prevalence of OAB in Chinese women was 14% (95% Confidence Interval: 9%–18%). The prevalence increased significantly in the past decade (from 8% in pre-2006 to 18% in 2016–2021). A prevalence (18%) was observed among women aged 31–40 compared with other age groups. The BMI range of 24–27.9 (18%) was higher than the other groups. Additionally, the prevalence of this BMI range was comparatively higher in North China and Southwest China (21%) than in Central China and East China. In addition, publication bias was observed. Conclusions: OAB incidence has increased in Chinese women over the last two decades, affecting more than 20% of women aged 31–40 years and above. With the increasing prevalence of OAB, greater emphasis has been placed on implementing preventative and control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to provide scientifically-sound evidence for designing more effective COVID-19 policies in the transport and public health sectors by comparing 418 policy measures (244 are transport measures) taken in different months of 2020 in Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, the UK, and the US. The effectiveness of each policy is measured using nine indicators of infections and mobilities corresponding to three periods (i.e., one week, two weeks, and one month) before and after policy implementation. All policy measures are categorized based on the PASS approach (P: prepare-protect-provide; A: avoid-adjust; S: shift-share; S: substitute-stop). First, policy effectiveness is compared between policies, between countries, and over time. Second, a dynamic Bayesian multilevel generalized structural equation model is developed to represent dynamic cause-effect relationships between policymaking, its influencing factors and its consequences, within a unified research framework. Third, major policy measures in the six countries are compared. Finally, findings for policymakers are summarized and extensively discussed. [Display omitted] • COVID-19 transport-related policymaking in six developed countries are compared. • Effectiveness of 418 PASS-based policy measures are examined by using 27 indicators. • Policy effectiveness is compared between policies, between countries and over time. • A dynamic Bayesian multilevel generalized structural equation model is developed. • Dynamic relationships between policymaking, factors and consequences are revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]