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Effectively responding to children&rsquo, s nutritional status and eating behaviors in Mozambique requires a community-based care approach grounded in sound nursing research that is evidence-based. The Community Assessment, Intervention, and Empowerment Model (MAIEC) is a nursing theoretical model that is based upon clinical decision-making for community health nurses using communities as a unit of care. We used the MAIEC to identify a community-based nursing diagnosis to address children&rsquo, s nutritional status and eating behaviors in Mozambique. Objectives: (1) to conduct a descriptive study of children&rsquo, s nutritional status and eating behaviors in a school community in Mavalane, Mozambique, and (2) to identify a community-based nursing diagnosis using the MAIEC clinical decision-making matrix in the same school community. Method: a cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of children using anthropometric data, including brachial perimeter and the tricipital skinfold, and standard deviation for the relation of weight&ndash, height, in a sample of 227 children. To assess community management of the problem and identify a community-based nursing diagnosis, we surveyed 176 parents/guardians and 49 education professionals, using a questionnaire based on the MAIEC clinical decision matrix as a reference. Results: malnutrition was identified in more than half of the children (51.3%). We also identified a community-based nursing diagnosis of impaired community management related to the promotion of child health and healthy eating evidenced by the lack of community leadership, participation, and processing among more than 70% of the community members (parents/guardians and education professionals). Conclusion: a nursing diagnosis and diagnostic criteria for nutritional status and community management were identified. The need to intervene using a multidisciplinary public health approach is imperative, with the school community as the unit of care. In addition, reliable anthropometric data were identified as important criteria to complement the nursing diagnosis and guide future public health interventions.

This study investigates the relationship between the consumption of foods and eating locations (home, school/work and others) in British adolescents, using data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Program (2008&ndash, 2012 and 2013&ndash, 2016). A cross-sectional analysis of 62,523 food diary entries from this nationally representative sample was carried out for foods contributing up to 80% total energy to the daily adolescent&rsquo, s diet. Correspondence analysis (CA) was used to generate food&ndash, location relationship hypotheses followed by logistic regression (LR) to quantify the evidence in terms of odds ratios and formally test those hypotheses. The less-healthy foods that emerged from CA were chips, soft drinks, chocolate and meat pies. Adjusted odds ratios (99% CI) for consuming specific foods at a location &ldquo, other&rdquo, than home (H) or school/work (S) in the 2008&ndash, 2012 survey sample were: for soft drinks, 2.8 (2.1 to 3.8) vs. H and 2.0 (1.4 to 2.8) vs. S, for chips, 2.8 (2.2 to 3.7) vs. H and 3.4 (2.1 to 5.5) vs. S, for chocolates, 2.6 (1.9 to 3.5) vs. H and 1.9 (1.2 to 2.9) vs. S, and for meat pies, 2.7 (1.5 to 5.1) vs. H and 1.3 (0.5 to 3.1) vs. S. These trends were confirmed in the 2013&ndash, 2016 survey sample. Interactions between location and BMI were not significant in either sample. In conclusion, public health policies to discourage less-healthy food choices in locations away from home and school/work are warranted for adolescents, irrespective of their BMI.

The evaluation of the nutritional status of the elderly allows the appropriate nutritional intervention avoiding or minimizing health problems that cause damage on their functional capacity. From this perspective, the study presented in this article aimed to verify the nutritional status and eating habits of the elderly population of the state of Piauí, Brazil. We used public access data available in the SISVAN Web regarding the nutritional evaluation carried out from 2014 to 2018. The data revealed an increase in the prevalence of overweight in that population and a reduction of the number of elderly with low weight. When evaluated by sex, women presented higher percentages of overweight in all those years. The food consumption profile showed that the majority of the eldery population consumes fresh foods such as fruits, vegetables and beans and only a few of participants of the sample consumed ultra-processed foods. Finally, the importance of the evaluation of the health of the population as a form of incentive to plan health actions is highlighted, so that the resources can be more competently allocated and the health care workers can act efficiently and effectively. La evaluación del estado nutricional de las personas mayores permite una intervención nutricional adecuada evitando o minimizando los problemas de salud que comprometen su capacidad funcional. Desde esta perspectiva, el estudio presentado en este artículo tuvo como objetivo verificar el estado nutricional y los hábitos alimenticios de la población anciana del estado de Piauí, Brasil. Utilizamos los datos de acceso público disponibles en el SISVAN Web con respecto a la evaluación nutricional realizada desde los años 2014 hasta 2018. Se observó un aumento en la prevalencia del sobrepeso en laquella población y una disminución en el número de personas que tenían bajo peso. Cuando fueron evaluados por sexo, las mujeres presentaron porcentajes más altos de sobrepeso en todos aquellos años. El perfil del consumo de alimentos mostró que la mayoría de los ancianos consumía alimentos frescos como frutas, verduras y frijol, y pocos participantes de la muestra habían consumido alimentos ultraprocesados. Por fin, debe ser destacada la importancia de la evaluación de la salud de la población como una forma de incentivo para la planificación de acciones de salud, asignando así mejores recursos y posibilitando una actuación de los trabajadores de la salud eficiente y eficaz. A avaliação do estado nutricional dos idosos possibilita uma intervenção adequada, a fim de evitar ou minimizar agravos à saúde que comprometam a capacidade funcional dessas pessoas. Nessa perspectiva, o trabalho apresentado neste artigo teve como objetivo verificar o estado nutricional e hábitos alimentares da população idosa do estado do Piauí. Foram utilizados dados de acesso público disponíveis no SISVAN Web referentes à avaliação nutricional realizada nos anos de 2014 a 2018. Observou-se aumento da prevalência de sobrepeso naquela população e uma diminuição do número de pessoas com baixo peso. Quando avaliados por sexo, as mulheres apresentaram maiores percentuais de excesso de peso em todos aqueles anos. O perfil do consumo alimentar mostrou que a maioria dos idosos consome alimentos in natura como frutas, verduras e feijão, e que, entre os que participaram da amostra, poucos fizeram uso de alimentos ultraprocessados. Por fim, cabe ressaltar a importância da avaliação do quadro de saúde da população como forma de subsídio para o planejamento de ações de saúde, dessa forma alocando melhor os recursos e possibilitando uma atuação eficaz dos que trabalham na área da saúde.

The objective of this paper is to share experience and provide updated information on Capacity Development in the Central and Eastern Europe/Balkan Countries (CEE/BC) region relevant to public health nutrition, particularly in creation of food composition databases (FCDBs), applying dietary intake assessment and monitoring tools, and harmonizing methodology for nutrition surveillance. Balkan Food Platform was established by a Memorandum of Understanding among EuroFIR AISBL, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Capacity Development Network in Nutrition in CEE – CAPNUTRA and institutions from nine countries in the region. Inventory on FCDB status identified lack of harmonized and standardized research tools. To strengthen harmonization in CEE/BC in line with European research trends, the Network members collaborated in development of a Regional FCDB, using web-based food composition data base management software following EuroFIR standards. Comprehensive nutrition assessment and planning tool – DIET ASSESS & PLAN could enable synchronization of nutrition surveillance across countries.

NHANES is the cornerstone for national nutrition monitoring to inform nutrition and health policy. Nutritional assessment in NHANES is described with a focus on dietary data collection, analysis, and uses in nutrition monitoring. NHANES has been collecting thorough data on diet, nutritional status, and chronic disease in cross-sectional surveys with nationally representative samples since the early 1970s. Continuous data collection began in 1999 with public data release in 2-y cycles on ∼10,000 participants. In 2002, the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the NHANES dietary component were merged, forming a consolidated dietary data collection known as What We Eat in America; since then, 24-h recalls have been collected on 2 d using the USDA’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method. Detailed and targeted food-frequency questionnaires have been collected in some NHANES cycles. Dietary supplement use data have been collected (in detail since 2007) so that total nutrient intakes can be described for the population. The continuous NHANES can adapt its content to address emerging public health needs and reflect federal priorities. Changes in data collection methods are made after expert input and validation/crossover studies. NHANES dietary data are used to describe intake of foods, nutrients, food groups, and dietary patterns by the US population and large sociodemographic groups to plan and evaluate nutrition programs and policies. Usual dietary intake distributions can be estimated after adjusting for day-to-day variation. NHANES remains open and flexible to incorporate improvements while maintaining data quality and providing timely data to track the nation’s nutrition and health status. In summary, NHANES collects dietary data in the context of its broad, multipurpose goals; the strengths and limitations of these data are also discussed in this review.

Objective The high prevalence of obesity and its association with chronic diseases is a major public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate a group-based Food and Nutrition Education Program for the treatment of excess weight in Brazilian women attending the Family Health Strategy. Methods This quasi-experimental intervention study was conducted among 172 women, including 87 women in the intervention group who participated in a nutritional education program that addressed topics in the area of nutrition. The Intervention and Control groups underwent an anthropometric evaluation at the beginning of the study and at the 6th month. Results At the end of the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in weight and Body Mass Index, while the control group showed an increase in these variables. Women who completed the intervention (n=71) showed a mean difference of -5.15 kg and a reduction of 2.04 points in the Body Mass Index. Still 50.7% of the participants in the intervention group achieved a weight loss greater than or equal to 5.0%, and 40.8% of them maintained this reduced weight for up to seven months after the end of the intervention. Conclusion This study emphasizes the importance of group-based food and nutritional education interventions to promote and maintain weight loss, and thus, prevent and treat chronic diseases. RESUMO Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar um programa de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional em grupo para o tratamento do excesso de peso em mulheres brasileiras usuárias da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo de intervenção quase-experimental realizado com 172 mulheres. Dentre elas, aquelas que faziam parte do grupo intervenção (n=87) participaram de um programa de educação alimentar que abordou temas da área de alimentação e nutrição. Tanto o grupo intervenção quanto o de controle passaram por avaliação antropométrica no início e no sexto mês do programa. Resultados Foi observada perda de peso significativamente superior no grupo intervenção. ao final do período, observou--se redução do peso e do índice de massa corporal no primeiro grupo, em contraste com aumento no grupo controle. Entre as mulheres que finalizaram a intervenção (n=71) foi observada diferença média de -5,15Kg, e redução de 2,04 pontos do Índice de Massa Corporal inicial. Ainda 50,7% das participantes do grupo intervenção atingiram uma redução de peso ≥5,0%, sendo que houve manutenção dessa redução em 40,8%, sete meses após o termo da intervenção. Conclusão O estudo evidencia a importância da Educação Alimentar e Nutricional em grupo para estimular e manter a perda de peso, e assim prevenir e tratar doenças crônicas.

Establecer el estado nutricional desde la clasificación antropométrica de los niños y niñas menores de 5 años de edad, beneficiarios de Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar Familiar y Centros de Desarrollo Infantil Institucional del Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar en la ciudad de Bogotá al inicio y al final del año 2015. Método: enfoque empírico analítico, diseño descriptivo, con una muestra de 49.731 niños y niñas menores de cinco años, de los programas HCB-F Y CDI-I, de la ciudad de Bogotá. La información se obtuvo del aplicativo “Cuéntame” del ICBF y la clasificación nutricional se realizó según la resolución 2121 de 2010 del Ministerio de la Protección Social. Resultados: Disminución estadísticamente significativa de los niños y niñas menores de 4 años 11 meses en HCB-F y menores 2 años en CDI-I, clasificados en talla adecuada desde el indicador talla/edad; los CDI muestran menor proporción de infantes clasificados en retraso en talla, que los HCB, al final del año 2015; disminución estadísticamente significativa de la prevalencia de desnutrición global severa y aguda severa en los niños y niñas menores de 4,11 años en los HCB-F y en los niños entre 2-4.11 años de edad en los CDI-I, con relación al indicador peso/edad y peso talla; disminución estadísticamente significativa de la prevalencia de riesgo de delgadez, en los menores de 5 años para ambos programas con relación al indicador IMC. Las variables programa, sexo y centro zonal, juegan algún papel a la hora de clasificar a un menor en alguno de los indicadores antropométricos contemplados en este estudio, excepto el contraste Talla/edad * sexo en el grupo 3 de edad. Conclusiones: El estudio encuentra en el trascurso del año 2015, desde el estado de nutrición de los niños y niñas, que participan en los programas, efectos positivos en el mejoramiento de los clasificados en déficit de peso y no encuentra efectos positivos en el indicador talla edad. Establish the nutritional status from the anthropometric classification of children under 5 years of age, beneficiaries of Family Welfare Community Homes and Institutional Child Development Centers of the Colombian Institute of Family Welfare in the city of Bogotá at the beginning and end of the year 2015. Method: analytical empirical approach, descriptive design, with a sample of 49,731 boys and girls under five years of age, from the HCB-F and CDI-I programs, in the city of Bogotá. The information was obtained from the ICBF application "Cuéntame" and the nutritional classification was carried out according to resolution 2121 of 2010 of the Ministry of Social Protection. Results: Statistically significant decrease in boys and girls under 4 years 11 months in HCB-F and under 2 years in CDI-I, classified as adequate height from the height / age indicator; CDIs show a lower proportion of infants classified as delayed in height than HCB at the end of 2015; statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of severe and severe acute global malnutrition in boys and girls under 4.11 years of age in the HCB-F and in children between 2-4.11 years of age in the CDI-I, in relation to the indicator weight / age and weight height; statistically significant decrease in the prevalence of risk of thinness in children under 5 years of age for both programs in relation to the BMI indicator. The variables program, sex and zonal center play some role when classifying a minor in any of the anthropometric indicators contemplated in this study, except for the contrast Height / age * sex in age group 3. Conclusions: The study finds in the course of 2015, from the nutritional status of the boys and girls, who participate in the programs, positive effects on the improvement of those classified in weight deficit and does not find positive effects on the height indicator age.

Este estudo visa a contextualizar por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, os riscos acarretados pelo consumo de aditivos alimentares. Em relação aos resultados dos estudos associando o consumo de aditivos ao aparecimento do câncer, os efeitos adversos à saúde foram observados principalmente nos estudos em que a Ingestão Diária Aceitável (IDA) foi excedida. Também apontou uma carência de pesquisas sobre o transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade. Já em relação à hipersensibilidade não específica, o número de estudos foi significativo e os resultados mais consistentes quanto às manifestações clínicas de rinite, urticária e angioedema provocadas pelos aditivos, em particular pelos os corantes artificiais. As crianças aparecem como grupo vulnerável, em razão do consumo potencial de alimentos com aditivos alimentares, particularmente corantes artificiais. Os resultados indicam que estudos de consumo de aditivos alimentares deveriam servir de base para a elaboração de estratégias de vigilância alimentar e nutricional, com a finalidade de promover hábitos alimentares saudáveis. This study uses a systematic literature review to contextualize the risks associated with food additive intake. Studies comparing food additive intake and cancer showed that adverse health effects appeared when Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) was exceeded. The review also detected a lack of studies on attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. There were more studies on non-specific hypersensitivity, highlighting such clinical manifestations as rhinitis, urticaria, and angioedema, all associated with food additives, particularly artificial colorants. Children are a vulnerable group as potential consumers of food additives, particularly artificial colorants. Studies on food additive intake should provide the basis for effective food and nutritional surveillance strategies, aiming to promote healthy eating habits.

A desnutrição é ainda um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, apesar do declínio de sua prevalência mostrado em estudos nacionais. Contudo, dada a abrangência destes levantamentos, a situação em áreas de pobreza pode ser subestimada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a desnutrição em áreas de pobreza do município de Campinas, SP, identificadas segundo os critérios de renda familiar, condições de construção da moradia e contigüidade, de acordo com o censo de 1991. A amostra foi composta de 125 crianças de 0 a 24 meses de idade e suas mães, com coleta de dados antropométricos (peso e altura) e socioeconômicos. Os resultados mostraram uma prevalência de 7,2% de desnutrição infantil, muito semelhante à média de 7,4% observada para a mesma faixa etária em levantamento nacional feito em 1989. Em relação ao estado nutricional das mães, os resultados mostraram que 27,3% apresentaram Índice de Massa Corporal superior a 25kg/m². A fim de promover o declínio da prevalência de desnutrição, as ações de saúde devem considerar a importância do problema em grupos socioeconômicos especiais, como os de baixo poder aquisitivo, desenvolvendo um sistema de vigilância alimentar e nutricional capaz de atuar em regiões onde as ações tradicionais parecem ser menos eficientes. Malnutrition is one of the major public health problems in Brazil, although recent data show a progressive decrease in its prevalence. However, the validity of national surveys can underestimate the magnitude of malnutrition in poverty areas. The purpose of this study was to evaluate malnutrition in poverty areas of Campinas, SP, and efforts were made to locate those urban areas, considering families income, building conditions, and geographic contiguity according to 1991 census. During the study period, a total of 125 children aged 0 to 24 months and their mothers were interviewed, and anthropometric and socioeconomic data were collected. Results show a prevalence of 7.2% of malnutrition, which is similar to the value of 7.4% observed for the same age in a 1989 national survey. Concerning mother nutritional status, the results show that 27.3% of women are at Body Mass Index of 25 kg/m² or higher. Thus, in order to properly achieve malnutrition decline, health promoters must consider the magnitude of the problem in special socioeconomic groups, developing a nutritional surveillance system designed to assist low income people, to whom traditional actions seems to be less efficient.

ObjectiveThis study presents an overview of national nutrition action plans in the member states of the European Union (EU), before its enlargement in 2004. In addition, their compliance with key recommendations of the World Health Organization, as documented in the First Action Plan for Food and Nutrition Policy and the Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health, has tentatively been evaluated on the basis of the policy documents published.DesignLiterature review of publicly available policy national plans on nutrition and physical activity.SettingMember states of the EU before enlargement in May 2004.ResultsThe development of national nutrition action plans is gaining momentum. Six of the 15 EU member states – namely, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, France, The Netherlands and the UK – have an operational nutrition policy and four of them have published an elaborated description of their nutrition policy in English. By the end of 2004, another four countries are expected to have their plan finalised. The available nutrition action plans generally seem to comply with international recommendations, although large variations are observed between the member states in terms of terminology, nutritional recommendations, institutional framework, nutritional scope, social groups targeted and monitoring and evaluation structures.ConclusionsAlthough the importance of nutritional surveillance, a comprehensive approach to nutritional problems and stakeholder involvement is recognised by the action plans, the justification for it is vaguely described. This paper advocates for proper evaluation and documentation of interventions in public health nutrition and nutrition policies.