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1. COVID-SCORE Spain: public perceptions of key government COVID-19 control measures.

Author

White TM, Cash-Gibson L, Martin-Moreno JM, Matesanz R, Crespo J, Alfonso-Sanchez JL, Villapol S, El-Mohandes A, and Lazarus JV

Subjects
Government, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Spain, COVID-19, Public Opinion
Abstract

Background: Spain was initially one of the countries most affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In June 2020, the COVID-SCORE-10 study reported that the Spanish public's perception of their government's response to the pandemic was low. This study examines these perceptions in greater detail., Methods: We employed an ordered logistic regression analysis using COVID-SCORE-10 data to examine the Spanish public's perception of 10 key aspects of their government's COVID-19 control measures. These included support for daily needs, mental and general health services, communication, information and coordination, which were examined by gender, age, education level, having been affected by COVID-19 and trust in government's success in addressing unexpected health threats., Results: 'Trust in the government' showed the greatest odds of positive perception for the 10 measures studied. Odds of positive perception of communication significantly varied by gender, education level and having been affected by COVID-19, whereas for information and coordination of disease control, odds significantly varied by gender and having been affected by COVID-19. Odds of positive perception for access to mental health services significantly varied by gender and education level. Age was not significant., Conclusion: Public perception of the government's pandemic response in Spain varied by socio-demographic and individual variables, particularly by reported trust in the government. Fostering public trust during health threats may improve perception of response efforts. Future efforts should tailor interventions that consider gender, education level and whether people have been affected by COVID-19., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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2. COVID-SCORE: A global survey to assess public perceptions of government responses to COVID-19 (COVID-SCORE-10).

Author

Lazarus JV, Ratzan S, Palayew A, Billari FC, Binagwaho A, Kimball S, Larson HJ, Melegaro A, Rabin K, White TM, and El-Mohandes A

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, COVID-19, China epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections virology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ecuador epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Viral virology, Principal Component Analysis, Public Health methods, Quarantine methods, SARS-CoV-2, Trust, Young Adult, Betacoronavirus, Coronavirus Infections epidemiology, Coronavirus Infections prevention & control, Government, Pandemics prevention & control, Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology, Pneumonia, Viral prevention & control, Public Opinion, Research Design, Surveys and Questionnaires
Abstract

Background: Understanding public perceptions of government responses to COVID-19 may foster improved public cooperation. Trust in government and population risk of exposure may influence public perception of the response. Other population-level characteristics, such as country socio-economic development, COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, and degree of democratic government, may influence perception., Methods and Findings: We developed a novel ten-item instrument that asks respondents to rate key aspects of their government's response to the pandemic (COVID-SCORE). We examined whether the results varied by gender, age group, education level, and monthly income. We also examined the internal and external validity of the index using appropriate predefined variables. To test for dimensionality of the results, we used a principal component analysis (PCA) for the ten survey items. We found that Cronbach's alpha was 0.92 and that the first component of the PCA explained 60% of variance with the remaining factors having eigenvalues below 1, strongly indicating that the tool is both reliable and unidimensional. Based on responses from 13,426 people randomly selected from the general population in 19 countries, the mean national scores ranged from 35.76 (Ecuador) to 80.48 (China) out of a maximum of 100 points. Heterogeneity in responses was observed across age, gender, education and income with the greatest amount of heterogeneity observed between countries. National scores correlated with respondents' reported levels of trust in government and with country-level COVID-19 mortality rates., Conclusions: The COVID-SCORE survey instrument demonstrated satisfactory validity. It may help governments more effectively engage constituents in current and future efforts to control COVID-19. Additional country-specific assessment should be undertaken to measure trends over time and the public perceptions of key aspects of government responses in other countries., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Published
2020
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3. Prevalence and sociodemographic determinants of public stigma towards people with HIV and its impact on HIV testing uptake: A cross‐sectional study in 64 low‐ and middle‐income countries.

Author

Mendez‐Lopez, Ana, White, Trenton M., Fuster‐RuizdeApodaca, María José, and Lazarus, Jeffrey V.

Subjects
*HIV infection epidemiology, *DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections, *HIV-positive persons, *SOCIAL determinants of health, *MIDDLE-income countries, *SCIENTIFIC observation, *CROSS-sectional method, *MULTIPLE regression analysis, *SOCIAL stigma, *INCOME, *HEALTH literacy, *SOCIOECONOMIC disparities in health, *LOW-income countries, *DISEASE prevalence, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *SOCIAL attitudes, *PUBLIC opinion, *EDUCATIONAL attainment
Abstract

Background: HIV stigma and discrimination are drivers of adverse HIV outcomes because they deter individuals from engaging in the HIV care continuum. We estimate the prevalence of public stigma towards people with HIV, investigate individuals' sociodemographic determinants for reporting stigmatizing attitudes, and test the impact of HIV stigma on HIV testing uptake. Methods: This was an observational study based on an analysis of cross‐sectional surveys from 64 low‐ and middle‐income countries. We used nationally representative survey data for the population aged 15–49 years from 2015 to 2021, which was the latest available data. HIV public stigma was measured using an index of two questions about attitudes towards people with HIV. First, prevalence estimates of HIV stigma were calculated by country, across countries, and by sociodemographic characteristics. Second, country fixed‐effects multivariable logistic regression models were fit to assess sociodemographic determinants of holding stigmatizing attitudes towards people with HIV. Additional logistic regression models assessed country‐level income and HIV prevalence as determinants of stigma and assessed the role of HIV public stigma as a driver of testing uptake. Results: A total of 1 172 841 participants were included in the study. HIV stigma was prevalent in all countries, ranging from 12.87% in Rwanda to 90.58% in Samoa. There was an inverse dose–response association between HIV stigma and educational level, wealth quintile, and age group, whereby higher levels of each were associated with lower odds of holding stigmatized attitudes towards people with HIV. The odds of stigmatized attitudes were lower among men and individuals with adequate knowledge of HIV. HIV stigma was lower in countries with greater gross domestic product per capita and HIV prevalence. Holding stigmatized attitudes towards people with HIV was associated with lower testing uptake, including having ever tested or having tested in the last year. Conclusion: HIV stigma is present to a highly varying degree in all countries studied, so different approaches to reducing stigma towards people with HIV are required across settings. Action to eliminate HIV stigma is crucial if we are to progress towards ending HIV because holding stigmatized attitudes towards people with HIV was associated with reduced testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. A multinational Delphi consensus to end the COVID-19 public health threat

Author

Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Romero, Diana, Kopka, Christopher J., Karim, Salim Abdool, Abu-Raddad, Laith J., Almeida, Gisele, Baptista-Leite, Ricardo, Barocas, Joshua A., Barreto, Mauricio L., Bar-Yam, Yaneer, Bassat, Quique, Batista, Carolina, Bazilian, Morgan, Chiou, Shu-Ti, del Rio, Carlos, Dore, Gregory J., Gao, George F., Gostin, Lawrence O., Hellard, Margaret, Jimenez, Jose L., Kang, Gagandeep, Lee, Nancy, Matičič, Mojca, McKee, Martin, Nsanzimana, Sabin, Oliu-Barton, Miquel, Pradelski, Bary, Pyzik, Oksana, Rabin, Kenneth, Raina, Sunil, Rashid, Sabina Faiz, Rathe, Magdalena, Saenz, Rocio, Singh, Sudhvir, Trock-Hempler, Malene, Villapol, Sonia, Yap, Peiling, Binagwaho, Agnes, Kamarulzaman, Adeeba, El-Mohandes, Ayman, Barreto, Mauricio, Abdulla, Salim, Addleman, Sarah, Aghayeva, Gulnara, Agius, Raymond, Ahmed, Mohammed, Ramy, Mohamed Ahmed, Aide, Pedro, Aleman, Soo, Alfred, Jean-Patrick, Ali, Shamim, Aliaga, Jorge, Aloudat, Tammam, Alqahtani, Saleh A., Al-Salman, Jameela, Amuasi, John H., Agrawal, Anurag, Anwar, Wagida, Araujo-Jorge, Tania, Artaza, Osvaldo, Asadi, Leyla, Awuku, Yaw, Baker, Michael, Barberia, Lorena, Bascolo, Ernesto, Belcher, Paul, Bell, Lizett, Benzaken, Adele, Bergholtz, Emil, Bhadelia, Nahid, Bhan, Anant, Bilodeau, Stephane, Bitrán, Ricardo, Bluyssen, Philomena, Bosman, Arnold, Bozza, Fernando A., Brinkmann, Melanie M., Brown, Andrew, Mellado, Bruce, Bukusi, Elizabeth, Bullen, Chris, Buonanno, Giorgio, Burgess, Rochelle, Butler, Matthew, Byakika-Kibwika, Pauline, Cabieses, Baltica, Carlsson, Gunilla, Cascini, Fidelia, Chabala, Chishala, Chakroun, Mohamed, Cheng, null, Chetty, Agnes, Chumachenko, Dmytro, Consalves, Gregg, Conway Morris, Andrew, Cordie, Ahmed, Corrah, Tumani, Crabtree-Ramírez, Brenda, Dashdorj, Naranjargal, Davidovitch, Nadav, de Souza, Luis Eugenio, Dhariwal, Akshay Chand, Druică, Elena, Ergonul, Onder, Erondu, Ngozi A., Essar, Mohammad Yasir, Ewing, Andrew, Fanjul, Gonzalo, Feierstein, Daniel, Feigl-Ding, Eric, Figueroa, Ramon, Figueroa, John Peter, Fisher, Dale, Flores, Walter, Forero-Peña, David A., Frumkin, Howard, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Gandhi, Monica, Garcia, Patricia, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., García-Sastre, Adolfo, Garg, Suneela, Gbeasor-Komlanvi, null, Gershenson, Carlos, Gilada, Ishwar, Giovanella, Ligia, González, Marino, Green, Manfred S., Greenhalgh, Trisha, Griffin, Paul, Griffin, Stephen, Grinsztejn, Beatriz, Anand, Tanu, Guerra, Germán, Guinto, Renzo, Gujski, Mariusz, Guner, Rahmet, Hamdy, Adam, Hâncean, Marian-Gabriel, Haniffa, Abusayeed, Hartigan-Go, Kenneth Y., Hassan, Hoda K., Hay, Simon I., Heino, Matti T. J., Hel, Zdenek, Hotez, Peter, Hu, Jia, Hukić, Mirsada, IJsselmuiden, Carel, Iroko, Davidson, Iskarous, Maged, Izugbara, Chimaraoke, Jacobs, Choolwe, Jadad, Alejandro R., Jehan, Fyezah, Jordan, Ayana, Jroundi, Imane, Kain, Kevin, Kamberi, Fatjona, Karamov, Eduard, Karan, Abraar, Katz, Rebecca, Katzourakis, Aris, Kazembe, Abigail, Khamis, Faryal, Khamzayev, Komiljon, Khanyola, Judy, Khunti, Kamlesh, Kiguli-Malwadde, Elsie, Kim, Woo Joo, Kirenga, Bruce J., Klimovský, Daniel, Kmush, Brittany L., Knaul, Felicia, Kogevinas, Manolis, Kristensen, Frederik, Kumar, Dinesh, Kumar, Raman, Kvalsvig, Amanda, Lacerda, Marcus V., Lal, Arush, Lawton, Tom, Lemery, Jay, Leonardi, Anthony J., Li, Yuguo, Löttvall, Jan, Lounis, Mohamed, Maceira, Daniel, MacIntyre, C. Raina, Madani, Azzeddine, Magiorkinis, Gkikas, Malekzadeh, Reza, Choisy, Marc, Marcelin, Jasmine R., Marks, Guy B., Marr, Linsey, Marrazzo, Jeanne, Martina, Antonieta, Martín-Moreno, José M., Mateos, Carlos, Mayxay, Mayfong, Mazarati, Jean Bapiste, Mboup, Souleymane, McDonald, Jennifer, McMillan, Faye, Mechili, Enkeleint, Medici, Andre, Davis, Sarah L. M., Meier, Petra, Memish, Ziad A., Menon, Jaideep, Menon, Purnima, Mesiano-Crookston, Jonathan, Michie, Susan, Mikolasevic, Ivana, Milicevic, Ognjen, Mishra, Asit Kumar, Mohamed, Rahma, Mokdad, Ali H., Monroy-Valle, Michele, Morawska, Lidia, Moschos, Sterghios A., Motawea, Karam, Mousavi, Sayed Hamid, Mumtaz, Ghina, Munene, Peter K., Muñoz Almagro, Carmen, Muriuki, Janet, Muyingo, Sylvia, Naniche, Denise, Naylor, C. David, Ndembi, Nicaise, Nemec, Juraj, Nesteruk, Igor, Ngaruiya, Christine, Nguyen, Hung, Nikolova, Dafina, Nitzan, Dorit, Norheim, Ole, Noushad, Mohammed, Ntoumi, Francine, Nyborg, Gunhild Alvik, Ochodo, Eleanor, Odabasi, Zekaver, Okwen, Mbah Patrick, Olivia, Keiser, Ong, David S. Y., Opara, Ijeoma, Orozco, Miguel, Oshitani, Hitoshi, Pagel, Christina, Pai, Madhukar, Pálsdóttir, Björg, Papatheodoridis, Georgios, Paraskevis, Dimitrios, Leigh, Jeanna Parsons, Pécoul, Bernard, Peichl, Andreas, Perez-Then, Eddy, Duc, Phuc Pham, Philippe, Cécile, Pineda Rojas, Andrea, Pladsen, Courtney, Pozniak, Anton, Quiroga, Rodrigo, Qureshi, Huma, Rampal, Sanjay, Ranney, Megan, Rathe, Laura, Ratzan, Scott, Raventos, Henriette, Rees, Helen, Reis, Renata, Ricciardi, Walter, Rizk, Nesrine, Robalo, Magda, Robertson, Eleanor, Robinson, Leanne, Rokx, Casper, Ros, Tamsin, Røttingen, John-Arne, Rubin, Meir, Ruxrungtam, Kiat, Sadirova, Shakhlo, Saha, Senjuti, Salgado, Nelly, Sanchez, Lizet, Sangaramoorthy, Thurka, Santamaria-Ulloa, Carolina, Santos, Renata, Sawaf, Bisher, Schneider, Matthias F., Schooley, Robert T., Sener, Alper, Sepulveda, Jaime, Shah, Jaffer, Shibani, Mosa, Shoib, Sheikh, Sikazwe, Izukanji, Šimaitis, Aistis, Gill, Amandeep Singh, Skhvitaridze, Natia, Sokolović, Milka, Solomon, Roma, Solórzano, Xavier, Springer, Sandra A., Šrol, Jakub, Staines, Anthony, Stelfox, Henry T., Strathdee, Steffanie, Sulaiman, Lokman Hakim, Sutton, Brett, Svanæs, Dag, Swed, Sarya, Sypsa, Vana, Sørensen, Kristine, Tajudeen, Raji, Tan, Amy, Tang, Julian, Tanner, Marcel, Sethi, Tavpritesh, Temmerman, Marleen, Than, Kyu Kyu, Tinto, Halidou, Tomètissi, Sênoudé Pacôme, Torres, Irene, Tshering, null, Tsiodras, Sotirios, Tsofa, Benjamin, Vahlne, Anders, Vargas, Juan Rafael, Bernal, Ivan Dario Velez, Ventura, Deisy, Vilasanjuan, Rafael, Vipond, Joe, Wamala-Andersson, Sarah, Wargocki, Pawel, West, Robert, Weyand, Angela, White, Trenton M., Wolff, Guntram, Yao, Maosheng, Yates, Christian A., Yeboah, Georgina, Yee-Sin, Leo, Yi, Siyan, Teo, Yik-Ying, Yong, Poovorawan, Zamora-Mesía, Victor, Øvrehus, Anne, 0000-0001-9618-2299, 0000-0002-4832-9564, 0000-0002-4986-2133, 0000-0003-0790-0506, 0000-0003-0875-7596, 0000-0002-6994-1891, 0000-0002-3869-615X, 0000-0001-5286-4044, 0000-0001-6203-1847, 0000-0002-0121-9683, 0000-0003-1793-6350, 0000-0003-2418-0037, 0000-0002-5095-748X, 0000-0003-4492-3256, 0000-0002-5964-8210, 0000-0002-6779-3151, 0000-0002-8074-4450, Lazarus, Jeffrey V [0000-0001-9618-2299], Romero, Diana [0000-0002-4832-9564], Karim, Salim Abdool [0000-0002-4986-2133], Abu-Raddad, Laith J [0000-0003-0790-0506], Bassat, Quique [0000-0003-0875-7596], Chiou, Shu-Ti [0000-0002-6994-1891], Gao, George F [0000-0002-3869-615X], Gostin, Lawrence O [0000-0001-5286-4044], Jimenez, Jose L [0000-0001-6203-1847], McKee, Martin [0000-0002-0121-9683], Oliu-Barton, Miquel [0000-0003-1793-6350], Pradelski, Bary [0000-0003-2418-0037], Rathe, Magdalena [0000-0002-5095-748X], Trock-Hempler, Malene [0000-0003-4492-3256], Yap, Peiling [0000-0002-5964-8210], Binagwaho, Agnes [0000-0002-6779-3151], Kamarulzaman, Adeeba [0000-0002-8074-4450], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Research Group of Nelli Hankonen, Doctoral Programme in Social Sciences, Academic Disciplines of the Faculty of Social Sciences, RS: CAPHRI - R2 - Creating Value-Based Health Care, International Health, Performance analysis and optimization of LARge Infrastructures and Systems (POLARIS), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Internal Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, and Lazarus J. V., Romero D., Kopka C. J., Karim S. A., Abu-Raddad L. J., Almeida G., Baptista-Leite R., Barocas J. A., Barreto M. L., Bar-Yam Y., et al.

Subjects
Pandemics/economics, BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences, COVID-19 Vaccines, Delphi Technique, General Science & Technology, International Cooperation, Temel Bilimler (SCI), ÇOK DİSİPLİNLİ BİLİMLER, Public Health/economics, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Medicine and Health Sciences, Humans, prevention and control, human, Settore MED/42 - IGIENE GENERALE E APPLICATA, Health Education, Pandemics, Multidisipliner, Organizations, Multidisciplinary, MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES, COVID-19/economics, Temel Bilimler, pandemic, Communication, Health Policy, BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti, Doğa Bilimleri Genel, COVID-19, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Delphi study, NATURAL SCIENCES, GENERAL, N/A, Public Opinion, Government, Natural Sciences (SCI), Public Health, Natural Sciences
Abstract

Despite notable scientific and medical advances, broader political, socioeconomic and behavioural factors continue to undercut the response to the COVID-19 pandemic . Here we convened, as part of this Delphi study, a diverse, multidisciplinary panel of 386 academic, health, non-governmental organization, government and other experts in COVID-19 response from 112 countries and territories to recommend specific actions to end this persistent global threat to public health. The panel developed a set of 41 consensus statements and 57 recommendations to governments, health systems, industry and other key stakeholders across six domains: communication; health systems; vaccination; prevention; treatment and care; and inequities. In the wake of nearly three years of fragmented global and national responses, it is instructive to note that three of the highest-ranked recommendations call for the adoption of whole-of-society and whole-of-government approaches , while maintaining proven prevention measures using a vaccines-plus approach that employs a range of public health and financial support measures to complement vaccination. Other recommendations with at least 99% combined agreement advise governments and other stakeholders to improve communication, rebuild public trust and engage communities in the management of pandemic responses. The findings of the study, which have been further endorsed by 184 organizations globally, include points of unanimous agreement, as well as six recommendations with >5% disagreement, that provide health and social policy actions to address inadequacies in the pandemic response and help to bring this public health threat to an end.

Published
2022

5. Comparison of Current Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Vaccination in New York City and the US Nationally.

Author

El-Mohandes, Ayman, Wyka, Katarzyna, White, Trenton M, El-Sadr, Wafaa M, Rauh, Lauren, Vasan, Ashwin, Greene, Danielle, Rabin, Kenneth, Ratzan, Scott C, Chaudhri, Simran, Kimball, Spencer, and Lazarus, Jeffrey V

Subjects
COVID-19 vaccines, VACCINATION mandates, PUBLIC opinion, PUBLIC health communication, COVID-19, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

COVID-19 vaccination has resulted in decreased hospitalization and mortality, particularly among those who have received a booster. As new effective pharmaceutical treatments are now available and requirements for non-pharmaceutical interventions (e.g. masking) are relaxed, perceptions of the risk and health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection have decreased, risking potential resurgence. This June 2022 cross-sectional comparative study of representative samples in New York City (NYC, n = 2500) and the United States (US, n = 1000) aimed to assess differences in reported vaccine acceptance as well as attitudes toward vaccination mandates and new COVID-19 information and treatments. NYC respondents reported higher COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and support for vaccine mandate than U.S. respondents, yet lower acceptance for the booster dose. Nearly one-third of both NYC and U.S. respondents reported paying less attention to COVID-19 vaccine information than a year earlier, suggesting health communicators may need innovation and creativity to reach those with waning attention to COVID-19-related information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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