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The constant development of internet technology in the digital age has changed the way people interact with space. To explore whether and what changes have occurred in the public's spatial perception of the street during the shift from the traditional to the digital age, this paper compares the public's spatial perception characteristics in the two contexts through a classical theory review and empirical coding analysis with the Xiaolouxiang historic district as an empirical case. The frameworks of public spatial perception characteristics are similar in both contexts, with a focus on the three dimensions of objects, buildings and spaces, and activities. However, compared with that in the traditional context, the public's spatial perception of the street in the digital context of Xiaolouxiang has undergone new changes in three aspects: from focusing on the three-dimensional experience of space to focusing on the two-dimensional visual aesthetics of space, from emphasizing spatial totality to focusing on spatial details, and from focusing on the use of space to emphasizing the cultural characteristics of space. Research emphasizes that, within the context of digitalization, spatial design should place greater emphasis on visual aesthetics, detail processing, and cultural expression to better meet the needs and expectations of the public. This work identifies new features of the public's perception of urban street space in the context of digitalization and accordingly provides suggestions for the future design of urban street space. The findings of this study not only enrich the foundational research content of spatial perception theory but also offer new perspectives for designers and planners in the practice of urban block renovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As organisms that live and interact in groups, humans are social beings and have social needs such as communication, socialization/interaction, participation in groups, and belonging to a community and place. However, as metropolitan cities have become more crowded, society has started to lose its ties with each other. This is the current state of neighborhoods, which are defined as the essence of the city. In today's society, where public life has collapsed, it has become necessary to create common grounds where people can come together for the 'reconstruction of the public person'. Open public events and rituals, which are seen as a community-building tool, give people reasons to come to a place and use it again; they enable them to meet on a common ground and purpose, and play a role in creating a community spirit. In this respect, the study aims to first analyze international guides for public events and then offer suggestions for the content of a conceptual event and organization guide for the Şişli/Kurtuluş district of Istanbul. The study examines events and organizations from a socio-spatial perspective and is important in terms of providing recommendations for the 'Kurtuluş' district, which has been selected as a sample area and is a district with both historical and cultural authenticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The revitalization of historic districts is crucial for the sustainable development of cities, with street corner spaces being a vital component of the public space in these districts. However, street corner spaces have been largely overlooked in previous research on crowd dynamics within historic districts. This study investigates the key factors influencing crowd dynamics in street corner spaces within historic districts. First, a hierarchical model of vitality-influencing factors was developed based on prior research. Potential factors influencing the vitality of street corners were quantified using multi-source data collection methods, including deep learning algorithms, and crowd vitality within these spaces was assessed through multidimensional measurements. The impact of each element on crowd vitality was then analyzed through a multivariate linear regression model. The findings revealed that eight factors—corner building historicity, first-floor functional communality, transparency, openness, density of functional facilities, greenness, functional variety of buildings, and walkability—significantly influence the vitality of corner spaces, collectively explaining 77.5% of the vitality of these spaces. These conclusions offer new perspectives and scientific evidence for the revitalization and conservation of historic districts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban street space is a significant component of urban public spaces and an important aspect of people's perceptions of a city. Jinan Old City exemplifies the balance between the supply of and demand for green spaces in urban streets. The sense of comfort and the demand level of street spaces are measured via the space demand index. Open platform data, such as those from Baidu Maps and Amap, are evaluated using methods including ArcGIS network analysis and Segnet semantic segmentation. The results obtained from such evaluations indicate that, in terms of the green space supply, the overall level for Shangxin Street in Jinan is not high. Only 24% of the selected sites have an adequate green space supply. The level on Wenhua West Road is higher than that on Shangxin Street. The block on the western side of Shangxin Street has the highest green space demand, with a decreasing trend from west to east. There are several higher selection points in the middle section of Shangxin Street. The demand is lowest in the middle of Wenhua East Road. Shangxin Street's demand is higher than that of Wenhua West Road. The supply and demand are highly matched on Wenhua West Road and poorly matched on Shangxin Street, with 44.12% of the area in the "low supply, high demand" quadrant. This study proposes targeted optimization strategies based on supply and demand, thereby providing research ideas and methods for urban renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the design and utilization of shared streets in the Jiefangbei Business District of Chongqing through the lens of geographical semiotics. Employing photo content analysis, video observation, and questionnaire surveys, this research delves into visual semiotics, place semiotics, and users' interaction order, including social interactions and traffic experiences within these shared spaces. The findings reveal that two distinct systems guide pedestrians and vehicles on Jiefangbei's shared streets, ensuring safety and cultural expression. Paving is identified as the most important method for realizing the sharing of space between people and vehicles. Street furniture emphasizes multifunctional composite use and reflects Jiefangbei's eclectic style since its era as a financial center of the Republic of China, responding to cultural resources and functional positioning. The study also indicates that social functions and public space attributes need enhancement, recommending more greenery and leisure facilities. Interaction order analysis shows that participants' perception of street sharing does not affect their sense of safety and effectiveness. Thus, future practice should base decisions on specific traffic conditions and urban functions. A limitation of this study is the inability to accurately sample the population structure of the Jiefangbei commercial district, preventing more adaptable conclusions. The authors suggest viewing shared space as an evolving process and recommend future research on long-term effects and cross-cultural comparative studies to provide valuable insights into global shared-street design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourist preferences for public spaces in historic districts can reflect whether renovated spaces and functional structures meet tourism demands. However, conventional big data lack the spatio-temporal accuracy needed to support a refined, dynamic study of small-scale public spaces inside historic districts. This paper, therefore, proposes using a Wi-Fi probe to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of tourists' spatial preferences in historic districts. We conducted a one-week measurement in the Xiaohe Street Historic Block in Hangzhou, China. Three indicators—visit time preference, aggregation preference, and stay preference—were used to examine the dynamic change in tourists' spatial preferences, with 15 min as the time unit and public spaces with a radius of 25 m as the spatial unit. Our research demonstrates that, compared with conventional big data, the Wi-Fi probe offers a more reasonable and accurate method to measure tourists' spatial preferences in historic districts at a smaller time and spatial granularity. The research findings can be applied to evaluate the effectiveness of spatial regeneration and diagnose renewal-related issues in historic districts. It can also serve as a foundation for more precise planning of public spaces in historic districts, as well as the modification of functional structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social equity/inequity and equal/unequal rights to the city extend beyond the distribution of urban parks and green spaces, necessitating research on equitable accessibility to encompass a broader range of public spaces. However, previous research has predominantly focused on green spaces, neglecting other types of public spaces. To address this gap, the present study takes the public space pattern of Nanjing Old City as the research object, employing the minimum distance method, the gravity potential method, and bivariate local Moran's I to evaluate the matching relationship between the demand of socially vulnerable groups and the supply of public spaces, as well as its temporal–spatial evolution from 2010 to 2020. The results reveal spatial heterogeneity in the accessibility of public spaces for vulnerable groups at the block level, with 28.1% of the total number of blocks and 22.1% of the total area of blocks experiencing a supply–demand imbalance in 2010. From 2010 to 2020, under the rapid urban development, construction of public spaces, and the general decline in population density and proportion of vulnerable populations, the supply–demand imbalance has exacerbated the distribution of public spaces at both individual and aggregate levels. This imbalance is reflected in the deteriorated accessibility of public spaces for vulnerable groups. This study reveals the mismatches between development, population movement, and public space construction in the old city of Nanjing over the past decade, providing decision-making suggestions and foundations for the future optimization of public spaces, thereby offering an effective tool for assessing and improving the accessibility and equitable distribution of public spaces based on the needs of vulnerable groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at the landscape of the Old City of Mostar eighteen years after the reconstruction of its famous Old Bridge. The reconstruction project took place within broader international peace-building efforts, foregrounding the bridge as a symbol of multicultural reconciliation and initiating the development of tourism. We explore a landscape perspective to reflect on the aftermath of this neoliberal peacebuilding project which created a commodified landscape image, endangering the site as a public space. By disallowing the local community to engage with the reconstruction process, the project limited participatory ways of dealing with the past, but also public arenas for negotiating a shared future. To unpack this, we look at the heritage-landscape as a process and focus on its infrastructural aspects. We aim to outline an infrastructural perspective which helps understand how the future of public space and participation were conditioned by the process of neoliberal peacebuilding through heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile methodology has long been adopted in social science as a data collection tool and there is an established industry focused on cemeteries and ghost walks as a novel and appealing way to engage audiences in mortality. However, death studies have rarely sought to embrace mobile methods as an opportunity for innovation in teaching to enhance Higher Education (HE) student learning. This paper will reflect on the value and potential of adapting mobile methods to become mobile learning, an innovative pedagogic approach enabling the teaching of mortality to become an immersive experience of ‘learning on the move’ using mobile technology. Learning on the move has, I will demonstrate, a range of benefits for participants. These include the stimulation of the thanatological imagination and the schooling of participants to communicate effectively and sensitively about death, dying and the dead. I will explore the significance of mobile learning through the York Death and Culture Walk (DaCWalk), an open access self-guided fully podcasted walk through the centre of one of the UK’s oldest cities. The walk is designed to enable HE student walkers to experience embodied learning as they come to both know and understand mortality in a historic urban space. Mobile learning is argued to be a powerful innovation as a pedagogic tool for teaching and learning about death, dying and the dead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increases in both the elderly population and urbanization present new problems for planning new cities and managing old cities. To solve this challenge, innovative ideas/proposals that encourage walkability and reduce fossil energy motor transport are needed, in line with the actions advocated by Sustainable Development Goal #11 (SDG11), Sustainable Cities and Communities. Opening passages that cross blocks, creating connections between the streets, is the proposal discussed in this paper, as seen in cities like Paris, Prague, Milan, and Juíz de Fora, which have passages in their urban fabric. These can be implemented in a building's rehabilitation or when a new building replaces it. New architectural project designs should have several characteristics that promote walkability in the city, including passages and galleries. Although previous research has obtained promising results, extending the research to different urban fabrics and block sizes is needed. Using space syntax and data analysis, we simulated and quantitatively assessed the walkability of three neighborhoods in Lisbon, Portugal. The comparison of all simulations and the discussion of the results show that the passages improve walkability. It is also noticeable that there is higher walkability in orthogonal urban fabrics than in non-orthogonal fabrics. The results for block size are inconclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preservation and reuse of historical alley spaces infuse these areas with renewed vitality, which holds significant importance for the direction of preservation and restoration efforts in historical districts. This paper focuses on Jinyu Alley in Quanzhou and identifies a study targeting tourists for the protection and reuse of historical alley spaces. Through preliminary research and interviews, a system of evaluation indicators for urban historical alley spaces post-usage was established using a factor analysis, extracting five main components: historical context, neighborhood space, commercial environment, supporting facilities, and operational management. Additionally, a modified importance–performance analysis (IPA) method was employed to conduct a quadrant analysis on tourist satisfaction evaluation indicators. Transformation quadrant distribution maps of various evaluation indicators reveal dissatisfaction among tourists with certain aspects of supporting facilities, the commercial environment, and neighborhood space. Relevant departments should prioritize improvements in dining quality, business variety, neighborhood traffic connections and transformations, neighborhood space form and scale, landscape greening, environmental elements, parking availability, and trash bin density for future enhancements. Finally, based on the results of tourist satisfaction surveys and information gathered from interviews with a minority of residents, a more inclusive and sustainable strategy for the protection and reuse of historical alley spaces is formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Historical-cultural landscapes and urbanscapes integrate regional culture, collective memory, urban patterns, living habits, and other related historical and spatial information, and are important places for expressing the values of urban space. This study analyzes cultural landscapes and urbanscapes from the perspective of spatial values, taking the Baihuazhou historic and cultural district in Jinan as an example to analyze the spatial identification of public cultural space. The significance of this research lies in examining the urban regeneration of public cultural space using multi-scale geospatial data from both an objective and subjective perspective. This methdology is based on a large body of previous literature in relation to cultural heritage, and draws on a comprehensive understanding of the field. Methods: This study applies spatial syntax, visual graph, and survey analyses, focusing on urban spatial patterns, spatial culture, and spatial memory as heritage values. Results: The analysis results reveal that historic districts generally do not have good accessibility, predominantly because of the disorganized texture of the buildings and absence of spatial consistency. Discussion: There should be improved dynamic spatial identification and accessibility in older urban environments and enhancement of local spatial identification memory by increasing sightline accessibility. Based on consideration of values, corresponding suggestions are made from the three perspectives of urban space, cultural landscapes, and local collective memories to provide a reference for the protection of the Baihuazhou historic district and promote the preservation and development of similar heritage spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Horizontal green areas are becoming valuable, yet extruded spots, and their constant elimination at the expense of commercial and housing developments is disrupting green infrastructure. Interlocked existing urban structures seldom allow for the creation of parks and larger green open spaces, which could provide a habitat for a wide range of insects, birds, and other small animals. The lack of green spaces causes urban heat islands (UHI) over the cities. Vertical gardens are alternative solutions for urban areas, where it is not possible to increase biodiversity by creating new horizontal green areas. They effectively utilise surfaces that would otherwise be unused and transform them into effective green infrastructure elements. Using the example of the historical city district of Bratislava, i.e., Old Town (Staré Mesto) in Slovakia, we present an alternative approach for resolving the lack of green areas. A case study was conducted to create a map of all the potentially suitable areas for the construction of vertical gardens. We divided these spots into three groups, i.e., walls, columns, and free-standing structures and proposed construction methods for each type. Regarding the placement of potentially suitable areas along the roads connecting important transport hubs with the city centre, we created an original proposal for a district-wide network of vertical gardens as orientation elements for tourists and residents with significant aesthetic merit as well as ecological and hygienic values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of the urban environment is crucial for societal well-being. Yet, measuring and tracking the quality of urban environment, their evolution, and spatial disparities is difficult due to the amount of on-the-ground data needed to capture these patterns. The growing availability of street view images presents new prospects in identifying urban features. However, the reliability and consistency of these methods across different locations and time remains largely unexplored. We aim to develop a comprehensive index of urban quality and change at the street segment level using Google Street View (GSV) imagery. We focus on eight object classes that indicate urban decay or contribute to an unsightly urban space, such as potholes, graffiti, garbage, tents, barred or broken windows, discolored or dilapidated façades, weeds, and utility markings. We train an object detection model on a dataset of images from different cities and assess the performance of these urban indices. We evaluate the effectiveness of this method in various urban contexts over time and discuss its potential for urban planning and public policy. We demonstrate the use of these indices in three applications: the Tenderloin in San Francisco, the Doctores and Historic Center neighborhoods in Mexico City, and South Bend, Indiana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

City park undertakes the function of urban core green island. Hefei Xiaoyaojin Park provides a leisure and entertainment place for Hefei citizens. Although it has been continuously transformed and upgraded, there are still many places to be improved. Through behavior observation and questionnaire, the usage and satisfaction evaluation of tourists in Xiaoyaojin Park were obtained, and the transformation design of Xiaoyaojin Park was analyzed from the perspective of behavior psychology by analyzing the behavior of tourists in different zones of Xiaoyaojin. Based on the premise of exploring the behavior of tourists in different spaces, a city park environment that meets the needs of tourists can be created by promoting the cultural context of the Three Kingdoms, improving the plant landscape and infrastructure of the site, optimizing the spatial function, and exploring the park design and transformation strategy that is more in line with the needs of people, in order to provide new ideas for the future landscape transformation of Xiaoyaojin park, and offer reference suggestions for the future transformation design of old city parks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning & Aesthetics Research is the property of DEPARCH Journal of Design Planning & Aesthetics Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the current study, an endeavor is undertaken to formulate specific recommendations for the design of facades pertaining to infill buildings situated in the proximity of valuable urban Qajar residences within the Mazandaran province. The conspicuous lack of such directives within the regulatory framework of this region is noteworthy. The imposition of guidelines pertaining to façade design is imperative to establish visual congruence between contemporary structures and historical Qajar edifices in the urban fabrics of Mazandaran province. The present investigation employs a combined research strategy, integrating both the interpretive-historical strategy and the logical argumentation strategy. A scrutiny of 30 valuable urban Qajar residences in Mazandaran province is conducted, wherein their distinctive features are systematically classified under eight discernible categories. Subsequently, a conceptual framework is developed by leveraging Semes' design strategies model and drawing inspiration from Groat's theoretical framework. Concurrently, the practicalities inherent in Mazandaran's urban conservation system are taken into consideration. This conceptual framework serves as the foundation for the articulation of facade design recommendations, delineating acceptable design approaches for its constituent elements. Within this framework, a concerted effort is exerted to advocate conservative strategies for the macro elements of facade design, juxtaposed with latitude for more abstract approaches when addressing the micro elements. It is noteworthy that the intentional opposition approach is deemed unsuitable. Ultimately, drawing upon typological analyses of the compiled samples and adhering to the established framework, a series of recommendations for facade design is proffered. This study serves as a foundational step toward the formulation of design guidelines tailored to the historic districts of Mazandaran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sharing practices are emerging phenomena in the 21st century. The existing literature mainly focuses on sharing practices such as sharing economy, bike-sharing schemes, food sharing, and co-housing regarding the social, cultural, political, and organizational dimensions, while space sharing has been under-investigated. By taking a qualitative case study approach, this paper mainly examined the socio-spatial dimensions of sharing practices through the lens of sharing urban public spaces by neighborhood residents. To better understand how shared spaces are formed and how shared spaces facilitate sharing activities, a public space in a historic neighborhood in Nanjing was selected as a case. Taking account of a specific urban context, the research aimed to understand place-based sharing practices in as many ways as possible. The research findings revealed that the appropriate physical conditions of the public space are the prerequisites for space sharing. In turn, space-sharing practices could enhance the sense of community and social cohesion. However, some negative effects, such as homogeneity in social groups and privatization of the public space were identified as well. The implications for policy-making and planning practice were also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical and cultural districts of a city serve as important cultural heritage and tourism resources. This paper focused on four such districts in Yangzhou and performed semantic analysis on online public comments using ROST CM6 software. According to the high frequency words, attention preference of district site elements, activities and feelings in Yangzhou historical and cultural districts were analyzed. Through the analysis of semantic network and public emotional tendency, the relationship between the protection and utilization of Yangzhou historical and cultural districts and the perception and demand of users were discussed, and some suggestions for the protection, utilization and renewal of historical and cultural districts were put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on how to solve the demand of how to quickly explore more urban space design and layout in terms of the conservation and reuse of historical blocks under computer-aided design technology. Referring to urban inductive patterns, the author establishes an urban space design grammar of historical districts based on shape grammar and pattern language. It forms a complete generative urban space design method involving morphological analysis, rule-making, and scheme generation. Furthermore, taking the typical Russian-style historical block along the Chinese Eastern Railway—the historical district in front of Anda Station as an application example—this paper completed the generative urban space design process of block redevelopment and environmental reconstruction, which, using computer-aided technology, was under the premise of protecting the original historic block fabric. The final two group results of the experimental plot and the other plots of the historical district show that this method can quickly and accurately generate lots of urban space design schemes that meet the designers' pre-thinking, and these schemes can be modified by real-time calculation and interactive operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study on the equity of urban green space layout based on the quantification of ecosystem services is oriented to the improvement of human well-being, which is helpful to promote the equity of ecological environment and the sustainable development of cities. Based on the analysis of the urban green space distribution and ecosystem service value of green space of the blocks in Yuexiu District,Guangzhou in 2020, this study used the location entropy method to analyze the fairness of green space ecosystem services available per capita in each block. The results showed that: (1) The population and urban green space in Yuexiu District were significantly spatially heterogeneous. (2) The comprehensive ecosystem service value of green space varied greatly among the blocks in Yuexiu District, with a high spatial distribution in the north and a low spatial distribution in the south. (3) There were some unfair spatial distribution of green space in the district. The two blocks, Dengfeng and Hongqiao, had extremely high location entropy. The seven blocks of Renmin, Guangta, Zhuguang, Dadong, Datang, Meihua Village and Kuangquan had low or extremely low location entropy. It was proposed to optimize the green space layout of the study area by strictly protecting important ecological green space, inserting green space in subtleties, increasing urban public green space by using urban wasteland, adding riverside greenways with sports and leisure functions, increasing urban green space under the background of old city reconstruction, and increasing the urban vertical green area. The paper results can provide some reference for the study of the fairness of green space layout in the same type of high population density cities, which can help to improve the level of residents' health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research study aims at revealing a planning method for the development of the Souq Waqif-Transit village. Design/methodology/approach: Over the past decade, transit-oriented developments (TODs) have become an international city planning model for promoting sustainable urbanism. On a regional scale, the State of Qatar launched the construction of Doha Metro. The current network consists of three lines with a central interchange station within the city's most vibrant cultural core, i.e., between Msheireb Downtown Doha and Msheireb, near to the Souq Waqif historical site and Al Corniche waterfront promenade. The Qatar National Development Framework emphasizes the importance of stimulating sustainable urban growth by linking the Doha Metro with TODs. Findings: The findings show that the benefits of a strategy for monitoring and assessing the potential benefits of the investigated TOD linked to the analysis of the indices for (1) travel behavior, (2) built environment diversity and (3) other categories specific to the site's historical-heritage preservation. Research limitations/implications: Namely, a comprehensive approach for developing a historical site is/should be grounded in a planning method for enhancing the mixed-used urban fabric, public realm and walkability, and heritage preservation. Social implications: The insights from this research study aim to guide the long-term sustainable urban growth of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) cities in the future. Originality/value: The proposed sustainable growth planning scheme for the Souq Waqif addresses gaps highlighted through design tools of investigation. The missing attributes concern three key factors: (1) mixed-used urban fabric, (2) public realm and walkability and (3) built heritage preservation. The quality of streetscape, corridors, connections and connectivity of pedestrian and walkable network: TOD is not dependent on a singular mode of transport (Doha Metro), but it includes all systems that allow for mass public mobility within the city districts. Integrating other transport systems within mixed-use areas should be reevaluated based on accessibility to such systems, including taxi services, public bus services and public shuttles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Research on the fire space design of historical streets from different perspectives. • A new method of road accessibility evaluation based on sDNA was proposed. • A quantitative and universal method was developed that can applied to a broad range. Historical streets are greatly threatened by fires. However, current studies are qualitative and case specific, which makes their results impractical to apply in engineering. In this paper, a more quantitative and universal approach that focuses on the spatial forms of historical streets and fire protection design in historic districts is proposed. Notably, a holistic solution for renovation is proposed. The accessibility of the surrounding sections of an old town in China is assessed based on spatial design network analysis (sDNA), and the fire risk of buildings is determined with point of interest (POI) data. Areas with poor accessibility and high fire risk are identified. The areas recommended for demolition are selected by comparing the protection plans for areas with recent satellite maps. A plan that includes key fire protection areas, road network designs and micro fire stations is derived. Multisource data are used to examine possibilities for the spatial design of fire protection along historical streets from a spatial perspective. Then, this approach is validated to verify its feasibility. The validation results indicate that the sum, mean and standard deviation values of the closeness and betweenness of the renovated roads are significantly improved. The solution proposed in this paper enhances the fire safety level of historical streets, which is of great significance for the safety and protection of old town areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of The Planner & Development is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Atrio: Revista de Historia del Arte is the property of Atrio. Revista de Historia del Arte - Universidad Pablo de Olavide and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article attempts to analyze the comprehensive urban plan commissioned by the municipality of Jerusalem from Brown Engineers International in 1963 in light of the status of the city within Jordanian governance and politics, and also compared to earlier British plans. This plan was the basis for the 1966 town scheme submitted to the Jordanian government just one year before the 1967 war by Henry Kendall, who was in charge of city planning for the municipality between 1963 and 1966. Faced with the extreme reduction of the space for urban development after the division of the city, the plan ambitioned to lay the basis for a “complete city” and to compensate for the lack of vital infrastructures. For the Old City, the plan sought to further approaches to preservation initiated during the Mandate period, while calling for the creation of residential neighborhoods outside of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the gradual improvement of urban construction, more and more experts and the public realized that the speed of urban development be reasonable, which caused urban regeneration to turn to a new-minded "urban micro-regeneration". "Micro-regeneration" is an extension of the concept to the direction of urban construction. The concept of micro-regeneration was first applied to the regeneration of individual buildings in the old city. The research on the intervention of public art in urban micro-regeneration is still in its infancy in China. Based on practice, this paper explores the possibility of public art's intervention in urban micro-regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre & Folklore / Mínsú Qǔyì is the property of Shih Ho-Cheng Folk Culture Foundation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mediterranean cities are the oldest in Europe, built according to the practices and worldviews of their times. City cores are densely settled, having developed spontaneously with almost no systematic planning. The result is a core that lacks open spaces for greenery. The goal of the present study is to compare the existing state of residential greenery and urban parks in the Mediterranean with cities in Northern Europe that include such spaces. To achieve that goal, existing greenery per capita (residential greenery and urban parks) data for selected Mediterranean cities were gathered based on Google Earth. Results are compared with greenery per capita in selected cities in Northern Europe. Additional aspects of urban green spaces, such as landscaping and urban park design, are identified and compared to Mediterranean city cores. Suggestions for improving greenery within Mediterranean cities are offered at the conclusion of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Densification leads to a transition phase in which commoning can be supported. • Commoning initiatives in cities are largely dependent on support from the state. • New commons can change the conditions of governance of densification. • New commons can advance socially-sustainable outcomes in urban transformation. Although densification is generally seen to contribute to more sustainable urban development, it is often linked to market-oriented and for-profit development, contributing to the enclosure of urban space. We analyse how densification can take a different path through processes of commoning. We particularly aim to understand how commoning initiatives can contribute to new institutional arrangements that counteract enclosure and commodification in densification. We furthermore aim to contribute to conceptual clarity in the debate on urban commons by emphasizing the different roles of so-called 'old' and 'new' commons in urban development. Our analytical framework builds on a new institutionalist approach which stresses the analysis of localized and temporary institutional arrangements negotiated among actors in a given situation. We rely on a detailed case-study of a densification project in the city of Bern (Switzerland), where publicly-owned land was redeveloped into cooperative housing and urban green space. Our findings show how densification leads to a transition phase in which institutional arrangements defining land uses and allocating access and use rights are renegotiated. These are crucial moments where processes of commoning can shape the outcome of densification, although not independently from the supportive action of the public actor. We underline the potential of new commons, even when typically transitional, unstable, and temporary. Contrary to old commons, their potential lies not so much in the ability for long-lasting resource management, but rather in the capacity to change the conditions of governance during the transition between land uses, advancing more socially-sustainable outcomes in a key moment of the urban redevelopment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The military cantonment of Mian Mir was planned and built in the 1850s about six miles outside the urban area of Lahore as an ordered and sanitary environment for officers and troops – away from the presumed miasmas and unhealthiness of the old city. Yet not long after, a complex interplay of existing and emergent socio-material ecologies, particularly linked to canal irrigation, ensured that malaria became a defining feature of life at Mian Mir. This paper examines the evolving relationships of colonial planning and development, ecological change, and medical knowledge, showing how malaria and mosquitoes unsettled the dominant aesthetics of urban space and landscape, linked to frameworks of sanitation and improvement. It shows how aspirations for spatial order, environmental healthiness, and racial segregation, central to the regimes of colonial sanitary planning and hygienic modernity, were contoured and reconfigured in materially situated ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses space syntax to analyze discrepancies in the urban spatial structures of two historical cities during the modernization process. Axial line maps of the main urban areas of Xi'an, China, and Kyoto, Japan, are compared from the beginning of their modernization periods to the present day. Changes in the cities’ topological centers are analyzed, and the global and local relationships in their main urban areas are explored. The primary outcomes of the study are as follows: 1) With the expansion, the topological centers of the main two urban areas have changed. From (1902-2020), Kyoto's topological centers expanded simultaneously horizontally and vertically. Similarly, Xian’s center expanded from one (bell tower) in 1949 to two in 2019. For both cities, Global Integration Value (Int. V global) grew, notably in Kyoto, during the modernization era. Long-distance accessibility also increased, showing the two cities' drive toward motorization. 2) Average Int. V global change rates for the local historical blocks of Old Xi'an city were different across local and global growth rates of urban space, emphasizing the local development feature of the block evolution. In Kyoto's three wards, Int. V global change rates were close to the global change rate, showing a consistent change in Kyoto's global integration with a higher consistency in global street construction. 3) The correlation of global integration and local integration, as represented by intelligibility (R2), increased in both Xi’an and Kyoto, indicating that the solidarity of the respective regions increased during the modernization process. This is especially true for Kyoto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historic districts represent an important characteristic of Beijing and are also a crucial carrier of Chinese historic culture. However, they are significantly affected by the rapid urban constructions. Thus, it is of great significance to maintain and promote the public space in historic districts. This paper uses a multisource data superposition method to select the evaluation index of public space. The AHP was also used to complete the single-level and total-level ranking and calculation of evaluation indexes. Finally, based on the DEA model, a vitality evaluation model of Beijing historic district public spaces was developed and its validity was verified through a case study of the Wanping historic district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia reported a maximum annual temperature rise of 0.3°C in urban regions. Semarang, the largest metropolitan city in the province of Central Java, is also experiencing an increase in temperature due to climate change therefore activities in urban public spaces are disrupted due to the absence of a comfortable temperature. Urban design elements, including land cover materials, road geometry, vegetation and traffic frequency expressed significant effects on micro-climate. Measurement of Thermal Comfort in Urban Public Spaces Semarang was carried out s at the micro level as an old historical district The Old Town and Chinatown. This increment indeed influences thermal comfort level in its outdoor environments which are important for comfortability of outdoor activity. This study aims to analyse surface temperature through Thermal Comfort Measurement. Data was obtained by measuring air temperature, wind speed and humidity in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Inverse distance weighted (IDW), thermal comfort calculations and micro-climate model were employed to evaluate existing physical conditions of these settlements. The results showed both Old Town and Chinatown observed thermal comfort value above 27°C and are categorized as uncomfortable for outdoor activities. This research is contributing to the need to further develop public spaces to potentially adapt to environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which author discusses articles on topics including focuses on research on the pluriverse of adaptive practices, conservation theories and mitigation methods that have transformed the pedagogies and praxis of preservation.

Safeguarding the built heritage in the old town of Constantine faces many challenges. The predominance of ordinary inhabited heritage has implied particular practices of appropriation of space. Faced with the public approach to rehabilitation, based on institutionalization and professional expertise, the inhabitants carry out rehabilitation actions on their inhabited spaces, protected according to different methods. This article aims to study these self-rehabilitation practices in the old town of Constantine in order to determine their contribution to the preservation of heritage. These practices refer to heritage representations of different types. They translate modes of interaction of the inhabitants with the inhabited heritage space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Touristification refers to tourism's physical and symbolic appropriation in a specific area as a consequence of the activity's rapid growth in a short lapse of time. According to different studies, it affects the housing market, cultural expressions, public space, and health or the environment. Touristification interweaves with other urban issues in cities that have become important tourist destinies, such as the changes in the housing market or people and retail gentrification. We explore the process through linking it to the concept of landscape understood as space socially produced, perceived, and shaped - we look into the transformations in the physical, social, symbolic, and emotional arenas, following previous studies on the landscapes of gentrification. Our research frames a methodology to explore these changes, highlighting the contradictions that emerge as the process unfolds. We test the results on San Luis Street and its surroundings, an axis that connects traditionally non-tourist neighbourhoods (San Gil, San Luis, and San Marcos) in Seville historic district, which has become touristic in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the gate of Africa, Algeria has been the crucible where several conquering peoples successively settled. The latter marked the Algerian territory by leaving human settlements constituting a patrimonial richness that contemporary Algeria must safeguard. Constantine is one of the oldest cities of Algeria; it has gone through history by experiencing profound changes in its components, especially its public space. Indeed, each civilization has produced its own public space obeying its policy, its culture, its customs, its way of life, its manner of spatial occupation etc. The superposition or juxtaposition of urban fabrics of different historical periods has given birth to a variety of public spaces. From the old city, to the contemporary one passing through the colonial town, public space was produced according to a particular pattern breaking up with the one that precedes it. What are the characteristics of public space produced by each civilization that Algerian cities have known especially those that have a traditional fabric? As a result, this work aims to determine the morphological and pictorial characteristics of the public spaces of the different historical periods of the city of Constantine. This is why urban analysis is used to know the location, shape, quality of the public space and the role it has played and still plays in the city. The way in which Constantine lost the value of its public space is a question we must understand. This work tries to pinpoint the failings of the making of the current city in order to solve the crisis that these urban elements are going through. The ancient heritage constitutes the basis from which this analysis will find solutions to improve the state of recent public spaces and propose a better design for the future ones. This study aims to reconcile the inhabitants with their city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESTOA: Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca is the property of ESTOA Revista de la Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Universidad de Cuenca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The serious impacts caused by the systemic crisis and austerity policies have called into question the neoliberal economic model, which in turn fosters an interest in alternative economic practices based on citizen collaboration and solidarity. This article analyzes these practices in the city of Seville, paying special attention to their spatial dimension and the role they may play in the evolution of certain urban areas; in addition, their trajectories, typologies and actors are considered. The absence of official statistics has required fieldwork and interviews. In addition, it has been necessary to apply methods and techniques of social network analysis in order to study the relationships of collaboration inherent in these practices. The research shows that the territorial environment is key to understanding the reasons behind its proliferation and evolution in neighbourhoods that have urban, socio-economic, cultural and ideological similarities. Its outstanding presence in the northern part of the old city seems to be turning some of its neighbourhoods into dynamic, supportive and inclusive urban spaces that can bring a new or renewed character to the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the process of transformation of a cultural quarter developed at al-Amin district inside the Old City of Damascus. In 2006, approximately 25–30 artists, moved to this historical neighbourhood and settled in its traditional houses, changing their function into studios/ateliers. One year later, the district was called "The Artists' Quarter" with the acknowledgment of local and international institutions. The presence of artists' studios and many cultural events in the area has contributed to the discovery of the rich architectural and cultural heritage of the neighbourhood and the development of a new sphere of public encounters. This quarter became a destination for tourists as well as for locals. Unfortunately, during the war in Syria, started in 2011, different negative changes have happened at al-Amin district. The study aims to (1) Highlight the origin and development of the quarter from the point of view of the artists and the dwellers; (2) Study the spatial and socio-economic effects caused by the "Artists' Quarter"; (3) Evaluate the changes in the traditional houses due to change of their function; (4) Investigate the actual situation due to the war. Information was collected mainly from interviews with several artists, with hotels' managers and shopkeepers in the quarter, in addition to literature review, consultation of maps and plans and on-site observation. Results of the study will help in understanding this model of urban development and try to set up recommendations for integrated development and heritage management of this neighbourhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]