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Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death; however, gender disparities in PE remain understudied. All PE cases at a single institution between January 2013 and June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and outcomes were compared between men and women using univariate and multivariate analyses adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics. A total of 1,345 patients were diagnosed with acute PE, of whom 56.3% were women (n = 757). Women had a significantly higher mean body mass index (29.4 vs 28.4) and a higher frequency of hypertension (53% vs 46%) and hormone use (6.6% vs 0%; all p <0.02). Men had a higher frequency of smoking (45% vs 33%, p <0.0001). Women had significantly lower PE severity index classifications (p = 0.0009). The rates of intensive care unit admission, vasopressor requirements, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation, and mechanical ventilation were similar between the genders. There was no significant difference in the treatment modality used between the genders. Although the risk factors and PE severity index class differed between the genders, there was no significant difference in resource utilization or treatment modality. Gender was also not a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality, moderate or severe bleeding, increased length of stay, or readmission in the study population., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Dr. Brodie reports a relation with LivaNova that includes funding grants and a relation with AbioMed Incm Xenios AG, Medtronic, Inspira Health Network, and Cellenkos that includes board membership. Dr. Kirtane reports a relation with IMDS that includes consulting or advisory. Dr. Kirtane reports a relation with Medtronic, Boston Scientific Corp, Abbott Vascular, CSI, Siemens, Philips Healthcare US, ReCor Medical Inc., Chiesi that includes funding grants and travel reimbursement; a relation with Opsens Inc., ZOLL Medical Corporation, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc. that includes travel reimbursement; and a relation with Amgen Inc., Neurotronic, BIOTRONIK Inc., Magenta Medical, Bolt Medical, Canon Inc., SoniVie, and Merck that includes funding grants. Dr. Parikh reports a relation with Abbott vascular that includes board membership and funding grants; a relation with Shockwave Medical Inc., TriReme Medical LLC, SurModics Inc., Silk Road Medical, National Institutes of Health that includes funding grants; a relation with Terumo and AbioMed Inc. that includes consulting or advisory; a relation with Medtronic Inc., Boston Scientific Corp, CSI, Janssen, and Philips that includes board membership. Dr. Sethi reports a relation with Janssen and Chiesi that includes speaking and lecture fees. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Hispanic and Latino patients are under-represented in existing healthcare disparities research in pulmonary embolism (PE). The goal of this study was to determine if differences in PE severity, treatment modality, or in-hospital outcomes exist for Hispanic or Latino patients with PE., Methods: All PE cases from 2013 to 2019 at a single institution were reviewed. Clinical characteristics, imaging findings, intervention types, and in-hospital and 30-day outcomes were collected. Two cohorts were created based on patients' self-reported ethnicity. Outcomes were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis., Results: A total of 1265 patients were identified with confirmed PE; 474 (37%) identified as Hispanic or Latino. Hispanic or Latino patients presented with high-risk PE significantly less often (19% vs 25%, p = 0.03). On univariate analysis, Hispanic or Latino patients had lower rates of PE-specific intervention (15% vs 19%, p = 0.03) and similar rates of inpatient mortality (6.8% vs 7.5%, p = 0.64). On ordinal regression analysis, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity was associated with lower PE severity (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.89, p = 0.003). In subgroup analyses of intermediate and high-risk PEs, ethnicity was not a significant predictor of receipt of PE-specific intervention or in-hospital mortality., Conclusions: At this institution, Hispanic or Latino patients were less likely to present with high-risk PE but had similar rates of inpatient mortality. Future research is needed to identify if disparities in in-hospital care are driving perceived differences in PE severity and what addressable systematic factors are driving higher-than-expected in-hospital mortality for Hispanic or Latino patients.