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The pyrolysis of medical wastes is experimentally studies in a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor. The typical mixture consisting of carbohydrates, polyolefins, and N-, Cl-, or S-containing polymers is selected as the raw material. The pyrolysis of the mixture components is also studied by thermogravimetric analysis methods. They yield the kinetic parameters of the component decomposition. The measurements taken in a fixed-bed reactor agree closely with the results of the kinetic calculation. Analysis of the obtained data enabled us to propose the best environmentally friendly method for the thermal processing of medical waste minimizing the environmental emission of toxic chlorinated compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Series of experiments on flash pyrolysis of fine-grained particles of kukersite oil shale were carried out on a laboratory-scale installation operated with gaseous heat carrier. It was shown that practically the whole of organic matter turns into volatile products at temperatures higher than 900 K. The pyrolysis gas consists of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, CO2, H2, CO, and H2S, and belongs to high-calorific fuels with lower calorific value of 33 MJ/Nm³. The yield of liquid products reaches its maximum (70%) in the temperature range 850-900 K. Kinetic parameters of formation of the volatile components were determined on the basis of obtained experimental data and available structural characteristics of kukersite kerogen. As the first approximation, the formation of shale oil components can be described by a single rate constant 6.3×1013exp(-25600/T) s-1. Their decomposition is governed by the rate constant 1.7×1010exp(-20480/T) s-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on an analysis of experimental data on the pyrolysis of Baltic shale, a kinetic model of the process with allowance for the polydispersity of fuel particles, secondary chemical reactions, and fragmentation of the particles has been constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]