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The rise of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-related clinical cases is an alarming chronicle for global communities. This research was conducted to examine the antistaphylococcal effect of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyx fractions in the Drosophila model. In the infection experiment, wild-type and immunodeficient Drosophila were pricked with S. aureus and subsequently subjected to fly survivorship and colony-forming assays, in the presence or absence of roselle calyx fractions. The Involvement of immune stimulation in the host antibacterial protection was assessed in vitro using cell-based luciferase reporter assay and in vivo using RT-qPCR analysis on adult flies. A declining rate of fly survivorship and augmentation of bacterial growth were observable in S. aureus-infected wild-type flies but subject to improvement in the presence of roselle calyx fractions. Cell-based analysis revealed the absence of host immune stimulation via Drosophila Toll pathway and roselle calyx fractions-treated immune-deficient flies lacking for components in the Toll pathway were protected from infection-induced early death phenotype and harbored reduced number of S. aureus colonies. Overall, our data confirmed the in vivo anti-staphylococcal activity of roselle calyx fractions in Drosophila infection model and such protective signature was devoid of host immune stimulation.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of main health issues in global communities. To overcome such threat, the discovery of novel antibacterial agents is indispensable. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo antipseudomonal activity of Ulva reticulata extract in Drosophila model of infection. Ethanolic extract of Ulva reticulata was prepared using maceration method and the extract was subsequently assessed for its in vivo antibacterial effect against P. aeruginosa using survival assay, bacterial load enumeration, and gene expression analysis in the wildtype Drosophila. Survival and bacterial load analysis were further performed in a similar fashion on the mutant flies devoid of component responsible in the activation of immune responses against P. aeruginosa. Decline in the survival of infected host accompanied by augmentation of bacterial proliferation was documented in the wildtype Drosophila upon infection with P. aeruginosa. These phenotypic events were further amplified in immune-deficient mutant Drosophila. Nevertheless, improvement of host survivorship and reduction of bacterial burden were demonstrated in both wildtype or immune-deficient mutant flies upon treatment with Ulva reticulata extract after bacterial challenge. Our data demonstrated in vivo antipseudomonal activity of Ulva reticulata extract and thus provide a valuable information about its future potential for health promotion.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of some antiacne facial cleanser products against bacteria that cause acne Propionibacterium acnes, which conducted experimentally using 6 product against of antiacne facial cleanser bacteria cause Propionibacterium acnes with three replication. The parameters observed were the inhibitory zone diameters. The results showed that of some antiacne facial cleanser products that are most effective in inhibiting the growth of acne-causing bacteria Propionibacterium acnes is the product CCA code, with a 35 mm inhibit zone, because CCA products were contain 6 combinations of natural ingredients from Hamamelis virginia, Melaleuca alternifolia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cedrus atlantica, Portulaca oleracea and olive oil All antiacne products are shown to have effectiveness against the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes.

The effect of sulphuric acid fermentation of processed palm oil bunch hydrolysis and on ethanol and sugar production was conducted. The aim was to investigate the hydrolytic optimum required by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for ethanol and sugar production. About 12.5 g powdered palm oil bunch was used in this experiment. The powder was hydrolized several times using sulphuric acid in several concentration. Sugar, product of hydrolysis, was detected every one hour using spectrophotometer. The sugar was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and incubated for several days. Results showed that 2-4% sulphuric acid was oprimum concentration for 30 g/L sugar production. The highest ethanol production 4.94% occurred after two days fermentation.

This study aims to identify the types of fungi that infect skin toddler patients at the General Hospital Haji Adam Malik Medan. The study was conducted by descriptive method using examination observation fungi on skin scrapingssuffering from infection with a total of 30 samples. Examination was performed using 10% KOH and fungal culture media Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and incubated at room temperature (25-30oC). Based on the results of this study concluded that the type of fungus that infects the skin of patients under five years old are Trichophytonrubrum, Microsporummgypseum, Epidermiophytonfloccosum, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis.

Morbiditas and mortalitas caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Acquired Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) trend increase and become an important problem peoples health in the world. Through out the 80% of children AIDS victim has a prenatal infection from their mother. The aim of this study is to know the relationship between CD4 value and HIV stadium at pregnant mother infected by HIV/AIDS. A descriptive method was applied in this experiment. The sample obtained, from 22 pregnant mothers victims diagnosed of HIV/AIDS infection in Posyansus RSUP. H. Adam Malik Medan since January 2012 until June 2013. Data obtained by measuring CD4 value before and after ARV theraphy, then statistically analyzed. The result out showed that 12 of samples (55%) have low CD4 value before ARV theraphy below 200 m3. Than, CD4 value were increased after ARV theraphy not affected by the stadium status. CD4 value before and after ARV theraphy has a negative linear corellation with HIV stadium (r = -0,743) it can be conclude that increased of CD4 value give an indirect contribution to HIV stadium victims.

This reseach aims to determine the relationship between obesity and blood lipid levels in patients who seek treatment at Hospital Haji Medan. The research uses descriptive method that is a picture of the number of people to pull data directly from secondary data sources, namely the medical records of all patients treated at the Hospital Haji Medan. Parameters measured were patient age, sex and analyzing the increasing number of patients from 2012 to 2013. The results showed that the samples of patients who are obese biggest is 41-60 year age range that is equal to 44.15%, normal conditions alone amounted to 25. 98%. The second age range who are obese in this study were 61-80 years is 11.04% and normal as much as 8.44 percent, and the third at 21-40 years of age as much as 1.95 obesity and 8.44% for normal conditions , obesity among men and women obtained the highest percentage calculations for obesity is on the female is 46.75% while the male percentage of 13.64%. Obesity patients have cholesterol levels > 200 for a total percentage of 48.05%, while patients with normal conditions of 9.09%. Based on the age of the highest number of obese in the age group 41-60 years, while based on gender, obese women more than men.

This reseach aims to determine the composition of secondary metabolites of kirinyuh leaf extract (Euphatorium ordoratum.L) and antimicrobial properties of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The study was conducted in three phases: the first phase is manufacture kirinyuh leaf extract (Euphatprium odoratum L) through maceration method using N-Hexane solvent and methanol. In stage II, phytochemical screening, namely the identification of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids) to the crude extract of leaves kirinyuh (Ephatorium odoratum L) in the form of antimicrobial properties of extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and with variations extract concentrations of 0%, 1 %, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% Echerichia coli and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The research found that such compounds secondary metbolit alkaloids, flavonoids, steronoid, and saponin, which dominates the secondary metabolites of four that alkaloid. While the screening test of phytochemical N-hexane extracts is not contain metbolit secondary compounds, testing against bacteria possess bioktivitas inhibition at concentrations of 15% with inhibition zone of 1.3 cm on Escherichia coli bacteria and 1.0 cm in bacteria Staphylococcus aureas. This shows kirinyuh leaf extracts have the ability as an anti-microbial.

This research aims to study was to determine the effect of various types of active ingredient on mortality Trichogramma sp. In the imago stadia and look for a safe pepticide for Trichogramma sp. In the imago and praimago stadia. Research method using experimental method. Test of pepticide effect on pre-epochal mortality and imago Trichogramma sp. Using the fress method of contact residue. The study was prepared based on Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors and 2 replications. The first factor was the active ingredient of pepticide consisting of 10 treatments namely Lamda Silahotrin 25 gr /L (P1), Dimehipo 400 gr/L (P2), Isoprophilamine Glifosat 480 g/L (P3), Brodifakum 0.005% (P4) , Methyl metsulfuron 20.05% (P5), Triadimefon 200 gr/L (P6), Sipermetrin 50 gr/L (P7), Propiconazole 125 g / L and Tricyclazole 400 gr / L (P8), Cypermethrin 113 g / L ( P9), Annonain (P10). The second factor was the concentration of pesticide (K) consisting of 3 treatments, namely 0.5 ml/L (K1), 1ml / L (K2), 1.5ml/L (K3). The results showed that the provision of various active ingredients of pesticide had a significant effect on egg parasitoid morality Trichogramma sp. On imigo stadia at 12 hours After application, 24 hours After application and 36 hours After application. In praimigo stadia provide a safe pesticide active ingredient on the 12 hours imagion stage After application. The best treatment on P3k3 with an emerge of 79.3%.

The purpose of this research was to determine whether there is a relationship of senile cataract with blood sugar levels for people with diabetes who checked in BKIM (Balai Kesehatan Indera Masyarakat) Medan. Research was done through two stages, blood sampling and examination of blood glucose levels and data analysis. The patient's blood is taken at any time from the patient's fingertip. Data were analyzed calculated the correlation relationship where the cataract as the parameters x and y are the blood sugar levels. Correlation calculation results indicate the number r = 0:46, which means there is less close relationship between cataracts and blood sugar levels but percentages show increased in the percent of patients with both cataracts relation to blood sugar levels as well as cataracts with age. From a study of 60 patients aged 45-65 years who suffer from cataracts are less significant association between cataract with blood sugar levels.

The purpose of this research is to determine the composition of secondary metabolites of crude extract “bawangbatak” (Allium cinense) and anti-microbial properties of the extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This research was conducted in three (3) stage, stage I by the manufacturing of crude extract of garlic bulbs “bawangbatak”, Allium cinense, through maceration method using a solvent n-hexane and methanol. In stage II, screening fitokimia, that is identification of secondary metabolites (alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids) to the crude extract of tuber “bawangbatak”, Allium cinense, and phase III, test bioktifitas crude extract bulb of “bawangbatak” Allium cinense in the form of extracts antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli extract using the concentration variation of 0%, 1%, 5%, 15%, 20%, and 25% and incubation at 370C for 24 hours. The results showed that secondary compounds was dominated by flavonoids, steroids, terpenoid and tannins. While at the test screening phytochemicals extra n-hexane showed no secondary metabolites, test bioktivitas against bacteria have inhibitory at a concentration of 15% with inhibition zone 14 mm in bacteria Escheriachia coli and 10 mm in bacteria Staphylococcus aureus this indicates onion extract of “bawangbatak” has the ability as an anti-microbial.

The purpose of this research was to determine whether there is a relationship of senile cataract with blood sugar levels for people with diabetes who checked in BKIM (Balai Kesehatan Indera Masyarakat) Medan. Research was done through two stages, blood sampling and examination of blood glucose levels and data analysis. The patient's blood is taken at any time from the patient's fingertip. Data were analyzed calculated the correlation relationship where the cataract as the parameters x and y are the blood sugar levels. Correlation calculation results indicate the number r = 0:46, which means there is less close relationship between cataracts and blood sugar levels but percentages show increased in the percent of patients with both cataracts relation to blood sugar levels as well as cataracts with age. From a study of 60 patients aged 45-65 years who suffer from cataracts are less significant association between cataract with blood sugar levels.

This reseacrh was conducted to determine the relationship between smoking and oral melanosis. The samples were all of male students of Sidorame high school aged 15-17 years. Data were obtained by examining volunteer’s gum and asking them to fill in the questionners given. The result showed that there were strong relationship between smoking and melanosis (r = 0.887) furthermore the R value is 0.94 which concluded that smoking contribution smokers melanosis is 94%.

This reseach aims to determine the relationship between the number of parity of children with the incidence of cervical cancer in Dr. Pirngadi Medan 2012. The study was conducted in January 2013 in Dr. Pirngadi Medan. Materials in this study using medical colleagues data that is cervical cancer patients who come checked in RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan Year 2011-2012. The research method is done by analytical descriptive. The samples in this study were cervical cancer patients taken from medical record data at RSUD Dr. Pirngadi Medan Year 2011-2012. The results of the study were obtained by the largest KLR patients in the parity of more than 2 children (multiparas) (70.2%), then grandemultipara (26.9) and primipara (2.9%). Result of correlation of multipara relationship with cervical cancer stage obtained R value (18,23%), and grandemultipara with cervical cancer stage R value (0,92%). Regression results obtained by multiparous and grandemultipara positive and significant sign of cervical cancer incidence, which means multiparous and grandemultipara is not a determining factor of cervical cancer.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a respiratory disease that received special attention in the community. According to WHO more than 2 million people, one third of the total population in the world is infected by tuberculosis. Tuberculosis patients with malnutrition status have lower haemoglobin levels compared to patients with good nutritional status. The purpose of this reseach is to determine the relationship of body mass index (BMI) to the haemoglobin of patients pulmonary tuberculosis at the General Hospital Sultan Sulaiman Serdang Bedagai. This study was conducted descriptive of examination BMI and levels of haemoglobin in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis at the General Hospital Sultan Sulaiman Serdang Bedagai North Sumatra Province is to create the relationship between baseline BMI and BMI end after the OAT, as well as haemoglobin beginning and haemoglobin end after the OAT. The results showed that there was a weak correlation between baseline BMI of the initial haemoglobin levels with a value of r = 0.20. While the relationship between BMI end of the final haemoglobin levels after administration of OAT for 2 months there was a strong relationship r = 0.83.

Antimicrobial test was conducted on plant root extract som jawa (Talinum paniculatum, jacq. (Gaertn)). Five hundred gram simplicia of som jawa root was macerated using methanol and n-heksana, and coagulated. The screening of extract methanol and n-heksana was done to get metabolic secunder; flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, and saponin. The result of phytochemistry secreening test to extract methanol to metabolic secunder was negative. Antimicrobial test result showed that the extract of som jawa root is active againts microbes E.coli. Measurement is based on the test zone diameter of the clear zone generated, where . coli has the highest diameter of the clear zone compared with the others microbes such as Staphylococus aureus, Bacillus sp, Serratia sp, and Candida albicans. The values of the clear zone of each microbe in order are 1,1 cm, 1 cm, 0,95cm, and 0,9 cm. These value were obtain at a concentration of 10%.