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ABSTRACT The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others.

ABSTRACT There are few literature publications on the species of Cerodontha Rondani, 1861 that occur in Brazil. This contrasts with the situation in the Nearctic region and Europe, where the genus is well-studied. We analyzed specimens of Cerodontha from two important collections in Brazil: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia and Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. As a result, we found and describe two new species: Cerodontha (Poemyza) teresopoliensis sp. nov. and Cerodontha (Poemyza) rafaelii sp. nov., that both can be recognized for some specific character, as the darker body coloration and form of the male genitalia. We also provide new records and additional characters to diagnosis for the Cerodontha (Butomomyza) orcina Spencer, 1973 and Cerodontha (Butomomyza) obscurata Martinez, 1992. The descriptions are illustrated with images of the external morphology of the adult and male genitalia. A key to the Brazilian species of the subgenera Butomomyza and Poemyza are also provided.

ABSTRACT Agromyzidae (Insecta: Diptera) is a cosmopolitan family of acalyptrate flies, with almost 3,000 species worldwide distributed. Most species are leaf miners on a large number of plants. Among them, Liriomyza Mik, 1894 is a large genus of leaf-miner species that can cause significant damage to economically important crops and is considered agricultural pests, such as Liriomyza sativae Blanchard, 1938 and Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard, 1926), which are herein investigated. The present study deals with the impact of climatic factors (temperature, humidity, and precipitation), seasonality, and parasitoid abundance on leaf-miner infestation during one year in five cultivated crops in Northeastern Brazil. Climatic factors for instance had different effects on L. sativae populations in melon and watermelon crops. Larval abundances were greater during the dry season for both species, L. sativae and L. huidobrensis, and abundance of adult parasitoids followed the increase of mining larvae.

ABSTRACT Japanagromyza Sasakawa, 1958 (Diptera, Agromyzidae) is poorly known from Brazil, with only three species recorded. This contribution increases the knowledge of the genus in Brazil, where two new species are described and illustrations of male and female adults and terminalia are presented. The material was collected in states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Rondônia and is deposited in the collections of Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo and Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.

Calycomyza hyptidis Spencer (Diptera, Agromyzidae): descriptions, redescriptions and first record in Ocimum basilicum (Lamiaceae) in Brazil. All phases of the leafminer Calycomyza hyptidis Spencer are for the first time described, including the larva, puparium and adult female. Illustrations are presented for male and female terminalia, mine, larva and pupa. The species is first recorded in leaves of Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) in Brazil.

The unique species of Uruleskia Townsend, 1934 (Diptera, Tachinidae) - U. aurescens Townsend, 1934 - is recorded only from Brazil. Its holotype and paratypes are herein redescribed with illustration of male terminalia. The examination of a material mainly from Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA, Manaus, Brazil) enabled the description of four new species - Uruleskia alba sp. nov., Uruleskia extremipilosa sp. nov., Uruleskia infima sp. nov. and Uruleskia parcapilosa sp. nov. A key to the identification of all five species is also presented.

The Neotropical species of Genea Rondani, 1850 (Diptera, Tachinidae, Tachininae, Leskiini) are revised by the examination of type-material of almost all species and a large material deposited in many scientific collections. G. australis (Townsend), G. brasiliensis (Townsend), G. gracilis James, G. jaynesi (Aldrich), G. major (Townsend), G. pellucens (Curran), G. tenuirostris (James), G. trifaria (Wiedemann) were keyed and redescribed with the first descriptions of male terminalia. G. longipalpis (Wulp) was not included in this study as no material was examined and the available data are restricted to the original description. G. glossata (Townsend) is proposed as a junior synonym of G. trifaria. G. paulistana sp. nov. from São Paulo is proposed as a new species.

Coenosiinae is an important component of the Neotropical Muscidae diversity due to the high diversity of species and high population numbers. Based on the examination of type-specimens of some species of Coenosiini, the following taxonomic changes are proposed: Neodexiopsis medinai Snyder, 1957 stat. rev., Pilispina xanthogaster (Albuquerque, 1958) comb. nov., Pilispina differa Couri & Carvalho, 1999 is a junior synonym of Pilispina pilitibia Albuquerque, 1954, Neodexiopsis barbiventris Couri & Albuquerque, 1979 is a junior synonym of Neodexiopsis flavipalpis Albuquerque, 1956 and a neotype is proposed for Coenosia latitibia Albuquerque 1957. In all cases, remarks include reevaluation of relevant characters.

Spilogona Schnabl (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae, Limnophorini) está representado na América Latina por oito espécies. O exame de material tipo de quatro espécies - S. golbachi Snyder, S. hirticeps (Stein), S. trichops (Stein) e S. semicinerea (Stein), a primeira depositada na Fundación e Instituto Miguel Lillo (Argentina) e as demais no Stlaatliches Museum für Tierkunde (Alemanha) permitiu a redescrição dos adultos e a descrição com ilustrações das terminálias masculinas e femininas, as três últimas, pela primeira vez.Spilogona Schnabl (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae, Limnophorini) is represented in Latin America by eight species. The examination of type-material of four species - S. golbachi Snyder, S. hirticeps (Stein), S. trichops (Stein) and S. semicinerea (Stein), the first one deposited at Fundación e Instituto Miguel Lillo (Argentina) and the others at Stlaatliches Museum für Tierkunde (Germany), enabled the redescription of the adults and the description with illustrations of the male and female terminalia, the last three for the first time.

O desenvolvimento pós-embrionário, a produtividade, a taxa de parasitismo e a razão sexual de Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) criada em pupa de Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) foram estudados. Densidades diferentes de hospedeiro foram usadas (proporções 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 e 1:5) com tempo de exposição de 72 horas, em cada uma delas. Fêmeas nulíparas originárias da colônia estoque foram individualizadas em tubos de teste cobertos com algodão hidrófobo e contendo as pupas hospedeiras. Cada tratamento constituiu-se de 10 repetições. Depois da exposição, as vespas foram descartadas e as pupas hospedeiras foram individualizadas em tubos de teste até a emergência dos adultos de C. macellaria ou N. vitripennis. Amostras das pupas hospedeiras não expostas ao parasitismo e recebendo o mesmo tratamento experimental foram usadas como controle. Os parasitóides mostraram um desenvolvimento mais lento em relação ao aumento da densidade de hospedeiros. Houve uma diminuição na produção de parasitóides por hospedeiro em densidades elevadas. A razão sexual tendeu para um desvio para nascimento de fêmeas com o aumento da densidade do hospedeiro. Os índices de parasitismo mostraram uma diminuição quando o parasitóide foi exposto a mais de duas pupas hospedeiras.The post-embryonic development, productivity, rate of parasitism and sexual ratio of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker, 1836) reared in pupae of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius, 1775) were studied. Different densities of the host were used (proportion 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5) and the exposition in each one lasted 72 hours. Nulliparous females originating from the stock colony were individualized in test tubes covered with hydrophobic cotton and containing the host pupae. Each treatment was constituted by 10 repetitions. After the exposition, the wasps were discarded and the host pupae were individualized in test tubes until the emergence of the adults of C. macellaria or N. vitripennis. Samples of host pupae not exposed to parasitism and receiving the same experimental treatment were used as control. The parasitoids showed a slower development in relation to the increase of host density. There was a production decrease of parasitoids per host in elevated densities. The sexual ratio tended towards a deviation for the birth of females with the increase of the density of host. The rate of parasitism showed a decrease when the parasitoid was exposed to more than two host pupae.

Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) pode ser reconhecido por padrões cromáticos característicos no mesonoto e abdômen e pelas cerdas catepisternais 0:2. Das 14 espécies citadas na literatura para a Região Neotropical, sete são redescritas, com descrições das terminálias masculina e feminina - G. analis (Macquart), G. maculata (Scopoli), G. meridionalis Townsend, G. mexicana Giglio-Tos, G. occidentalis Arntfield, G. podexaurea(Enderlein) e G. tropicalis Malloch, aqui revalidada. Ilustrações coloridas do mesonoto e do abdômen são apresentadas para facilitar o reconhecimento das espécies. O neótipo de G. maculata é designado. A fêmea de G. podexaurea é registrada pela primeira vez. O registro geográfico das seguintes espécies é ampliado: G. meridionalis para o Equador e Peru; G. mexicana e G. podexaurea para o Brasil; G. tropicalis para Colômbia e Brasil.Graphomya Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera, Muscidae) is recognized by characteristic color patterns on mesonotum and abdomen and by the disposition of the katepisternal setae 0:2. From the 14 species recorded in the Neotropical Region, seven are redescribed with the descriptions of male and female terminalia - G. analis (Macquart), G. maculata (Scopoli), G. meridionalis Townsend, G. mexicana Giglio-Tos, G. occidentalis Arntfield, G. podexaurea(Enderlein) and G. tropicalis Malloch, herein revalidated. Colored illustrations of mesonotum and abdomen are presented in order to aid the recognition of the species. The neotype of G. maculata is designated. The female of G. podexaurea is recorded for the first time. The geographic record of the following species is enlarged: G. meridionalis for Ecuador and Peru; G. mexicana and G. podexaurea for Brazil and G. tropicalis for Colombia and Brazil.

Cordiluroides Albuquerque is a genus of Neotropical Coenosiinae (Muscidae), known from six species. The genus is here recorded for the first time from Costa Rica, on the basis of three species: C. listrata Albuquerque, 1954, C. insularis (Willliston, 1896) and C. bistriata (Wulp, 1896) sp. rev.. We provide a key for the identification of these Costa Rican species, redescribe and illustrate their external morphological characters and terminalia. C. bistriata and C. vittifera (Stein, 1904) are both considered to be good species and are re-instated from the synonymy of C. insularis. The type material of C. listrata (Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro), of C. insularis and C. bistriata (The Natural History Museum, London) and of C. vittifera (Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) has been examined.Cordiluroides Albuquerque é um gênero neotropical de Coenosiinae (Muscidae), conhecido por seis espécies. O gênero é registrado pela primeira vez na Costa Rica, através de três espécies: C. listrata Albuquerque, 1954, C. insularis (Willliston, 1896) e C. bistriata (Wulp, 1896) sp. rev.. Uma chave para identificação das espécies da Costa Rica é fornecida, bem como a redescrição das três espécies e ilustrações de caracteres morfológicos e da terminália. C. bistriata e C. vittifera (Stein, 1904) são consideradas boas espécies e por isso removidas da sinonímia de C. insularis. O material-tipo de C. listrata (Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro), de C. insularis e C. bistriata (The Natural History Museum, London) e de C. vittifera (Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin) foi examinado.

Taxonomy and morphology of Apsil Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae, Coenosiini) with new records, description of a new species and a key to identification. Apsil Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae, Coenosiini) includes 10 species, most of them described from Chile, but some also from Argentina. Five of them and one new species were found at the California Academy of Sciences collection (San Francisco, California) during the course of a project developed in that institution. Almost all material studied was collected in Chile, mainly by M. E. Irwin, during the year of 1966. Brief diagnosis of the known studied species (A. apicata Malloch, A. atripes Malloch, A. dilata Malloch, A. maculiventris Malloch (female described for the first time) and A. spatulata, Malloch), the description of A. mallochi, sp. nov. and a key for the identification of all known species are given. Color illustrations of some morphological characters make easier the recognition of the species. New geographic records were assigned.Taxonomia e morfologia de Apsil Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae, Coenosiini) com novos registros, descrição de uma nova espécie e chave para identificação. Apsil Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae, Coenosiini) inclui 10 espécies, a maioria delas descrita do Chile, mas algumas também da Argentina. Cinco delas e uma espécie nova foram encontradas na coleção da Califórnia Academy of Sciences (São Francisco, California), durante projeto desenvolvido naquela instituição. Quase todo material foi coletado no Chile, principalmente por M. E. Irwin, durante o ano de 1966. Diagnoses das espécies conhecidas estudadas (A. apicata Malloch, A. atripes Malloch, A. dilata Malloch, A. maculiventris Malloch (fêmea descrita pela primeira vez) e A. spatulata, Malloch), descrição de A. mallochi, sp. nov. e uma chave de identificação para todas as espécies conhecidas são fornecidos. Ilustrações coloridas de alguns caracteres morfológicos facilitam o reconhecimento das espécies. Novos registros grográficos são assinalados.

The Anthomyiidae (Diptera) are known from about 1,100 species mostly occurring in temperate to arctic areas in the northern hemisphere. Few species have been reported from the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. New Caledonia, located in Melanesia, in the southwest Pacific Ocean, is well known for its high diversity, endemism and large number of unknown species. Specimens of Anthomyia Meigen from New Caledonia were found at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) collection. The species was identified as A. medialis Colless, and represents the first record of Anthomyiidae from the island. A key to the Anthomyia species occurring in these regions is presented, as well as illustrations of the male terminalia of A. medialis.São conhecidas cerca de 1.100 espécies de Anthomyiidae (Diptera) ocorrendo principalmente em áreas temperadas e árticas no hemisfério norte. Poucas espécies têm sido relatadas nas regiões da Australásia e Oceania. Nova Caledônia, localizada na Melanésia, no sudoeste do Oceano Pacífico, é bem conhecida por sua alta diversidade, endemismo e grande número de espécies desconhecidas. Espécimes de Anthomyia Meigen da Nova Caledônia foram encontrados na coleção do "Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle" (Paris). A espécie foi identificada como A. medialis Colless, sendo este o primeiro registro de Anthomyiidae da ilha. Chave de identificação para as espécies de Anthomyia ocorrentes nessas regiões é apresentada, bem como ilustrações da terminália masculina de A. medialis.

A new Cyrtoneuropsis Malloch from Brazil (Diptera, Muscidae). This paper presents the description of a new species of Cyrtoneuropsis Malloch from São Carlos, São Paulo providing illustrations of the male and female terminalia and with a brief discussion on its systematic position within the genus.

Neodexiopsis Malloch from Bolivia with the description of one new species (Diptera, Muscidae). Neodexiopsis Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae, Coenosiinae) is a very well represented genus in the Neotropical Region, known from almost 100 species. In Bolivia, it is known only from four species: N. declivis, N. incurva, N. oculata and N. recedens, all described by Stein. The study of material from South America deposited at Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris, France), enabled the description of one new species to science. A key for the recognition of the five species known to Bolivia is given.

Syllimnophora Speiser belongs to the Limnophorini tribe of the Coenosiinae subfamily. The genus can be distinguished from the others by the presence of cilia on the apical half of the dorsal surface of vein R1, combined with a strongly projected gena. In he Neotropical Region 28 species are known, three of them recorded from Ecuador - S. atrovittata (Stein), S. browni (Snyder) and S. suavis (Stein). The study of material from South America deposited at Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (Paris) enabled the description of one species new to science - S. argentifrontata sp. nov. from San Miguel de Ibarra (Ecuador). A key to the identification of the four species is given.

Apsil Malloch, 1929 comprises 10 species endemic to Patagonia and southern Chile. A new species, Apsil flavithorax from Chile is described and illustrated, from three females.

First record of Coenosia attenuata Stein (Diptera, Muscidae) from Chile, with biological notes. Coenosia Meigen (Muscidae, Coenosiinae) species are known as predators of other insects and play an important role as potential biocontrol agents. Six species of Coenosia have been recorded in Europe preying on insects pests, one of them is Coenosia attenuata Stein. This species was recently recorded from the Neotropical Region and is herein recorded for the first time to Chile. Biological notes were included.As espécies de Coenosia Meigen (Muscidae, Coenosiinae) são conhecidas predadoras de outros insetos, apresentando um papel importante como potenciais agentes de controle biológico. Seis espécies de Coenosia têm sido registradas na Europa predando insetos praga, uma delas é Coenosia attenuata Stein. Esta espécie foi recentemente registrada na Região Neotropical e é aqui registrada pela primeira vez no Chile. Notas biológicas são incluídas.

Myospila bekilyana Séguy (Diptera, Muscidae, Mydaeainae) is an endemic species from Madagascar. Since the original description, the species has been referred in literature only in catalogues. A material recently collected by the Madagascar Arthropod Biodiversity project, mostly deposited at the California Academy of Sciences collection enabled the exam of a large series of this species. Male and female are herein redescribed and the terminalia of both sexes are described and illustrated for the first time. The paper also records Myospila as a new host for Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera, Conopidae).Myospila bekilyana Séguy (Diptera, Muscidae, Mydaeainae) é uma espécie endêmica de Madagascar. Desde a sua descrição original, tem sido referida na literatura apenas em catálogos. Material recentemente coletado pelo "Madagascar Arthropod Biodiversity project", e quase em sua totalidade depositado na coleção da "California Academy of Sciences" permitiu o exame de uma larga série desta espécie. Macho e fêmea são redescritos e a terminália de ambos os sexos é descrita e ilustrada pela primeira vez. O artigo também registra Myospila como novo hospedeiro de Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera, Conopidae).

The crested becard, Pachyramphus validus (Lichtenstein, 1823), is recorded, for the first time, as host of Philornis (Diptera, Muscidae). Subcutaneous larvae were collected in one nestling at the Floresta Nacional de Canela (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil).O caneleiro-de-chapéu-preto, Pachyramphus validus (Lichtenstein, 1823), é registrado, pela primeira vez, como hospedeiro de Philornis (Diptera, Muscidae). Larvas subcutâneas foram coletadas em um filhote na Floresta Nacional de Canela (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil).

Fannia carvalhoi sp. nov. (Diptera, Fanniidae) from Peru is described and illustrated.Fannia carvalhoi sp. nov. (Diptera, Fanniidae) do Peru é descrita e ilustrada.

Bithoracochaeta Stein is a Neotropical genus of Muscidae, Coenosiinae, known from ten species recorded from Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Surinam, Uruguay and Venezuela. The genus is recorded for the first time from Colombia, with the occurrence of the following species: B. annulata Stein, 1911; B. calopus (Bigot, 1885); B. flavicoxa Malloch, 1934; B. leucoprocta (Wiedemann, 1830); B. maricaensis Couri & Motta, 1995 and B. varicornis (Coquilett, 1900). B. nigricoxa, spec. nov. is described from Mexico and Brazil. A brief diagnosis of the known species and a complete description of the new species are given.Bithoracochaeta Stein é um gênero Neotropical de Muscidae, Coenosiinae, com 10 espécies descritas da Argentina, Brasil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Equador, Guiana, Jamaica, México, Panamá, Paraguai, Peru, Porto Rico, Suriname, Uruguai e Venezuela. O gênero é registrado pela primeira vez na Colômbia, com a ocorrência das seguintes espécies: B. annulata Stein, 1911; B. calopus (Bigot, 1885); B. flavicoxa Malloch, 1934; B. leucoprocta (Wiedemann, 1830); B. maricaensis Couri & Motta, 1995 e B. varicornis (Coquilett, 1900). B. nigricoxa spec. nov. é descrita do México e do Brasil. Uma breve diagnose das espécies conhecidas e a descrição completa da nova espécie são apresentadas.