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This article aims to reflect on the general trajectory followed by the public and private discourse that identified factors both internal and external that came together in the absence of an elementary/secondary education of high quality between the formation of the Gran Colombia and the end of the period of conservative rule in 1930. It describes and analyzes the unidimensionality of the public discourse in the nineteenth century, focusing on the anachronistic permanence of the method of rote learning in classrooms, compared to the multidimensionality of the private speech of the twentieth century, when variables of medical and economic nature were rescued to explain the roots of this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]