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Background: Studies internationally have found that a high treatment burden is associated with several long-term conditions and poor quality of life., Objectives: To translate, culturally adapt, and provide evidence of reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire for use among Arabic-speaking adults with multimorbidity., Methods: Standard guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures were followed. The original 10-item MTBQ was translated into Arabic by professional translators using forward-backward translation. An expert group, including the creator of the MTBQ, participated in the cultural adaptation and content validity, followed by cognitive interviewing and pilot testing. The questionnaire was then tested on 177 Arabic-speaking patients with multimorbidity recruited from community pharmacies in the United Arab Emirates. The distribution of responses, dimensionality, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity were examined., Results: The content validity of the MTBQ-A was good (Content Validity Index = 0.94), and cognitive interviews found that the items were well understood. The scale showed positive skewness and high floor effects. Factor analysis supported a two-dimensional structure (factor loadings >0.4): factor one was named "Self-management and social support," and factor two was named "Burden of visiting health care services and health care professionals". The questionnaire had good internal consistency (α = 0.83). As predicted, a higher MTBQ score in both factors was associated with poor health-related quality of life in all dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression (p values < 0.05); and negatively correlated with self-efficacy in taking medication (p < 0.01) and in learning about medication (p < 0.01)., Conclusions: The Arabic MTBQ is a valid and reliable measure of treatment burden with good construct validity and internal consistency. This easy-to-understand questionnaire can be used to assess the perceived treatment burden among Arabic-speaking patients with multimorbidity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Patients with multiple long-term conditions often face a variety of challenges arising from the requirements of their health care. Knowledge of perceived treatment burden is crucial for optimizing treatment. In this study, we aimed to create a German version of the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) and to evaluate its validity., Methods: The steps to translate the MTBQ included forward/back translation, cognitive interviews (n = 6) and a pilot test (n = 7). Psychometric properties of the scale were assessed in a cross-sectional survey with primary care patients aged 65 and older with at least 3 long-term conditions (n = 344). We examined the distribution of responses, dimensionality, internal reliability and construct validity., Results: Cognitive interviewing and piloting led to minor modifications and showed overall good face validity and acceptability. As expected, we observed a positively skewed response distribution for all items. Reliability was acceptable with McDonald's omega = 0.71. Factor analysis suggested one common factor while model fit indices were inconclusive. Predefined hypotheses regarding the construct validity were supported by negative associations between treatment burden and health-related quality of life, self-rated health, social support, patient activation and medication adherence, and positive associations between treatment burden and number of comorbidities. Treatment burden was found to be higher in female participants (Mdn 1  = 6.82, Mdn 2  = 4.55; U = 11,729, p = 0.001) and participants with mental health diagnoses (Mdn 1  = 9.10, Mdn 2  = 4.55; U = 3172, p = 0.024)., Conclusions: The German MTBQ exhibited good psychometric properties and can be used to assess the perceived treatment burden of patients with multimorbidity., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background Multimorbidity is a growing problem. The number and complexity of (non-)pharmaceutical treatments create a great burden for patients. Treatment burden refers to the perception of the weight of these treatments, and is associated with multimorbidity. Measurement of treatment burden is of great value for optimizing treatment and health-related outcomes. Objective We aim to translate and validate the Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) for use in the Dutch population with multimorbidity and explore the level of treatment burden. Methods Translating the MTBQ into Dutch included forward–backward translation, piloting, and cognitive interviewing (n = 8). Psychometric properties of the questionnaire were assessed in a cross-sectional study of patients with multimorbidity recruited from a panel in the Netherlands (n = 959). We examined item properties, dimensionality, internal consistency reliability, and construct validity. The level of treatment burden in the population was assessed. Results The mean age among 959 participants with multimorbidity was 69.9 (17–96) years. Median global NL-MTBQ score was 3.85 (interquartile range 0–9.62), representing low treatment burden. Significant floor effects were found for all 13 items of the instrument. Factor analysis supported a single-factor structure. The NL-MTBQ had high internal consistency (α = 0.845), and provided good evidence on the construct validity of the scale. Conclusion The Dutch version of the 13-item MTBQ is a single-structured, valid, and compact patient-reported outcome measure to assess treatment burden in primary care patients with multimorbidity. It could identify patients experiencing high treatment burden, with great potential to enhance shared decision-making and offer additional support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]