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We survey some of the recent developments in the extraction and application of heavy quark Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs). We also highlight some of the key HERA measurements which have contributed to these advances. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We study the potential of dijet photoproduction measurements at a future electron-ion collider (EIC) to better constrain our present knowledge of the nuclear parton distribution functions. Based on theoretical calculations at next-to-leading order and approximate next-to-next-to-leading order of perturbative QCD, we establish the kinematic reaches for three different EIC designs, the size of the parton density function modifications for four different light and heavy nuclei from He-4 over C-12 and Fe-56 to Pb-208 with respect to the free proton, and the improvement of EIC measurements with respect to current determinations from deep-inelastic scattering and Drell-Yan data alone as well as when also considering data from existing hadron colliders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we perform a full next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD calculation of neutralino scattering on protons or neutrons in the minimal supersymmetric standard model. We match the results of the NLO QCD calculation to the scalar and axial-vector operators in the effective field theory approach. These govern the spin-independent and spin-dependent detection rates, respectively. The calculations have been performed for general bino, wino and higgsino decompositions of neutralino dark matter and required a novel tensor reduction method of loop integrals with vanishing relative velocities and Gram determinants. Numerically, the NLO QCD effects are shown to be of at least of similar size and sometimes larger than the currently estimated nuclear uncertainties. We also demonstrate the interplay of the direct detection rate with the relic density when consistently analyzed with the program DM@NLO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the full O(αs) supersymmetric QCD corrections for gaugino annihilation and coannihilation into light and heavy quarks in the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM). We demonstrate that these channels are phenomenologically relevant within the so-called phenomenological MSSM. We discuss selected technical details such as the dipole subtraction method in the case of light quarks and the treatment of the bottom quark mass and Yukawa coupling. Numerical results for the (co)annihilation cross sections and the predicted neutralino relic density are presented. We show that the impact of including the radiative corrections on the cosmologically preferred region of the parameter space is larger than the current experimental uncertainty from Planck data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the full O(αs) supersymmetric QCD corrections for stop-antistop annihilation into electroweak final states within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. We also incorporate Coulomb corrections due to gluon exchange between the incoming stops. Numerical results for the annihilation cross sections and the predicted neutralino relic density are presented. We show that the impact of the radiative corrections on the cosmologically preferred region of the parameter space can become larger than the current experimental uncertainty, shifting the relic bands within the considered regions of the parameter space by up to a few tens of GeV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]