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Semi‐quantum secure summation allows multiple parties with limited quantum capabilities to perform collective calculations under the premise of protecting privacy. However, current approaches are confined to low‐dimensional quantum states as information carriers and are restricted to scenarios involving two or three parties. This limitation hinders their universality and ability to fulfill the requirements of practical secure multiparty computations. To address these challenges, a novel semi‐quantum secure multiparty summation (SQSMS) protocol is proposed based on high‐dimensional entangled states and single‐particle states. The protocol leverages the entanglement correlation to guarantee the security of the transmission, enabling resistance against various potential attacks. Then, by utilizing the IBM Qiskit platform, corresponding quantum circuits and simulation results are presented to validate the feasibility and correctness of the protocol. Furthermore, building upon the foundation of the SQSMS protocol, semi‐quantum anonymous auction and anonymous ranking protocols are further constructed. Compared with previous approaches, the designed protocols cater to the requirements of their respective counterparts. Consequently, the approach may have broad applications in semi‐quantum secure multiparty computation scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a flexible protocol for one-out-of- nquantum oblivious transfer (QOT) Compared with existing QOT protocols, our protocol is more flexible. We demonstrate that, by adjusting the value of 휃 the flexible one-out-of- nQOT is allowable where n can be located theoretically on any value the communicating parties wanted. Meanwhile, it also meets the rigorous security requirements of the oblivious transfer (OT) definition, which ensures Bob can receive on average one of n messages held by Alice, while Alice cannot know which one Bob has received. Finally, we analyze the security of our protocol and show that it is not based on quantum bit commitment and does not violate Lo's no-go theorem so that its security can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum steganography that utilizes the quantum mechanical effect to achieve the purpose of information hiding is a popular topic of quantum information. Recently, El Allati et al. proposed a new quantum steganography using the GHZ4 state. Since all of the 8 groups of unitary transformations used in the secret message encoding rule change the GHZ4 state into 6 instead of 8 different quantum states when the global phase is not considered, we point out that a 2-bit instead of a 3-bit secret message can be encoded by one group of the given unitary transformations. To encode a 3-bit secret message by performing a group of unitary transformations on the GHZ4 state, we give another 8 groups of unitary transformations that can change the GHZ4 state into 8 different quantum states. Due to the symmetry of the GHZ4 state, all the possible 16 groups of unitary transformations change the GHZ4 state into 8 different quantum states, so the improved protocol achieves a high efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, a protocol is proposed for the quantum state sharing (QSTS) of an arbitrary three-photon state using four sets of W-class states. Unfortunately, its security analysis is inadequate. In this paper, we find the security loophole of this QSTS protocol. It is mainly caused by the fake quantum channel, whose security is not guaranteed by the legal participants. We present a simple but feasible strategy, by which an eavesdropper can successfully steal the exact secret. Furthermore, a secure QSTS protocol is put forward. The security of our improved protocol is analyzed in details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the cryptanalysis about the quantum sealed-bid auction, whose feature is that by introducing a postconfirmation mechanism the malicious bidders cannot collude with auctioneers, is given. We found that a malicious bidder can obtain the other bidders' bids with a probability of 0.854. Moreover, there will be a higher probability if some bidders collude to attack the other bidders' bids. To prevent such attacks, we propose an effective improvement by means of the hash function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In 2007, Wang et al. [M. Y. Wang and F. L. Yan, Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 (2007) 2486] proposed a three-party simultaneous quantum secure direct communication (3P-SQSDC) scheme with EPR pairs. Recently, Chong et al. [S. K. Chong and T. Hwang, Opt. Commun. OPTICS-15438 (2010(online))] proposed an enhancement on Wang et al.''s scheme. The communications in Chong et al.''s 3P-SQSDC can be paralleled and thus their scheme has higher efficiency. However, we find that both of the schemes have the information leakage, because the legitimate parties'' secret messages have a strong correlation. This kind of security loophole leads to the consequence that any eavesdropper (Eve) can directly conjecture some information about the secrets without any active attack. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Semi-quantum private comparison (SQPC) enables two classical users with limited quantum capabilities to compare confidential information using a semi-honest third party (TP) with full quantum power. However, entanglement swapping, as an important property of quantum mechanics in previously proposed SQPC protocols is usually neglected. In this paper, we propose a feasible SQPC protocol based on the entanglement swapping of Bell states, eliminating the need for an additional semi-quantum key distribution protocol to ensure the security of private data. Security analysis shows that our protocol is resilient to both external and internal attacks. To verify the feasibility and correctness of the proposed SQPC protocol, we design and simulate the corresponding quantum circuits using IBM Qiskit. Finally, we compare and discuss our protocol with related work. The results reveal that our protocol maintains high qubit efficiency, even when entanglement swapping is employed. Consequently, our proposed approach showcases the potential applications of entanglement swapping in the field of semi-quantum cryptography. • An efficient semi-quantum private comparison protocol using entanglement swapping. • Circular transmission realizes information transfer between different users. • Without using pre-shared keys to protect the classical user's private data. • Circuit simulation of the proposed protocol using IBM Qiskit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using entanglement swapping of high-level Bell states, we first derive a covert layer between the secret message and the possible output results of the entanglement swapping between any two generalized Bell states, and then propose a novel high-efficiency quantum information hiding protocol based on the covert layer. In the proposed scheme, a covert channel can be built up under the cover of a high-level quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) channel for securely transmitting secret messages without consuming any auxiliary quantum state or any extra communication resource. It is shown that this protocol not only has a high embedding efficiency but also achieves a good imperceptibility as well as a high security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme based on Bell measurement is proposed and analyzed. In this scheme, all agents are not required to prepare entangled states or perform any local unitary operation. The security of the protocol is also analyzed. It is shown that any eavesdropper will introduce errors invariably and be detected if he tries to steal information about Trent’s secret. Moreover, because no classical bit needs to be transmitted except those for detection, the total efficiency of the scheme approaches to 100%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]