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Levitated diamond particles in high vacuum with internal spin qubits have been proposed for exploring macroscopic quantum mechanics, quantum gravity, and precision measurements. The coupling between spins and particle rotation can be utilized to study quantum geometric phase, create gyroscopes and rotational matter-wave interferometers. However, previous efforts in levitated diamonds struggled with vacuum level or spin state readouts. To address these gaps, we fabricate an integrated surface ion trap with multiple stabilization electrodes. This facilitates on-chip levitation and, for the first time, optically detected magnetic resonance measurements of a nanodiamond levitated in high vacuum. The internal temperature of our levitated nanodiamond remains moderate at pressures below 10−5 Torr. We have driven a nanodiamond to rotate up to 20 MHz (1.2 × 109 rpm), surpassing typical nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center electron spin dephasing rates. Using these NV spins, we observe the effect of the Berry phase arising from particle rotation. In addition, we demonstrate quantum control of spins in a rotating nanodiamond. These results mark an important development in interfacing mechanical rotation with spin qubits, expanding our capacity to study quantum phenomena. Levitated nanodiamonds containing NV centers promise applications in quantum technologies, but they require experiments in high vacuum. Here the authors report on-chip levitation of nanodiamonds in high vacuum using a surface ion trap, showing spin read-out and fast rotation above NV center spin dephasing time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normal-mode splitting is a hallmark of strong coupling between two coupled harmonic oscillators. Here, we report the realization of strong coupling in the optically-levitated nanoparticle system via feedback. A silica nanoparticle is trapped by a tightly focused laser travelling in free space, which is regarded as a harmonic oscillators. An external electric oscillator is then phase-locked to the nanoparticle's motion as another harmonic oscillator, which is modulated on the trapping laser to feedback and interact with the nanoparticle. Therefore, a highly manipulatable coupled-harmonic oscillator system is built in our platform and the normal-mode splitting is realized with strong coupling in both Hermitian and non-Hermitian cases. Moreover, since the coupling between the two harmonic oscillators induced by the feedback is flexibly manipulated, the normal-mode splitting following the cooling or heating effect is simultaneously observed. This method could be useful for further studying quantum mechanical Hamiltonian and non-Hermitian phenomena of an optically-levitated nanoparticle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]