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The article examines research on quantum radar including the potential of stealthy military aircraft to hide in plain sight from conventional radars. It cites the development of the key concept underlying the quantum radar scheme by Jeffrey Shapiro, electrical engineer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The story about quantum radar started in 2008 when quantum engineer Seth Lloyd showed his concept of quantum illumination. Reports of China building a quantum radar in 2016 is cited.

The article discusses the use of weak measurements in quantum physics, which could allow scientists to know more information about quantum particles such as electrons and photons than is predicted by the uncertainty principle. Weak measurements, first invented by the theorists Yakir Aharonov, David Albert, and Lev Vaidman, avoid disturbing particles in order to preserve their quantum state, and could provide useful data when a final state has been postselected. Experiments by scientists such as Onur Hosten and Paul Kwiat, who tested the spin Hall effect for light, Lucien Hardy, who developed an experiment to show that particles do not have a position before their position is measured, and Andrew Jordan, who measured changes in the angle of a mirror, are discussed.

The article discusses how particle physicists discovered the Higgs boson particle with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) atom smasher at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), a particle physics laboratory in Switzerland as of July 2012. Topics include whether new particles may be discovered with the LHC and how scientists can explain ranges in electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces. Additional information is presented on quantum theory and how scientists can only identify Higgs bosons in particle collisions.

The article discusses research in quantum mechanics involving small vibrating machines, or quantum machines, said to be in a state of zero-point motion or ground state. It notes research by physicist Tobias Kippenberg and his predictions that foresee the age of quantum machines. The article notes that several research groups have come close to demonstrating aspects of quantum theory in human-made objects. Scientist Robert Knobel is quoted regarding the number of researchers in different fields that are bringing their varied perspectives to achieving ground state. Experimentation by various investigators is discussed.

The article reports that researchers confirmed a prediction of the quantum Darwinism theory claiming classical states are quantum states that survive interactions with the natural environment. It comments on wave functions and entanglement of large-scale objects with larger objects interacting with the environment depending on position instead of momentum. It mentions the use study of electrons trapped in an atomic-scale defect in a diamond with the electron acting like a quantum magnet.

PHOTO (COLOR): Synthetic diamonds (center), grown with defects to trap electrons, offer a natural environment to test the theory of quantum Darwinism. "Quantum Darwinism takes this wishy-washy wave function and makes it solid in a sort of bureaucratic way", Zurek says. Alexandra Olaya-Castro, a theorist at UCL, adds that quantum Darwinism doesn't account for all of the differences between the quantum and classical realms. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents information related to String Theory. In 1984, Schwarz and Michael Green, a physicist at the University of Cambridge in the Great Britain found a way around key mathematical pitfalls in string theory, which assumes that every elementary particle is a tiny vibrating string and that space has more dimensions than one can see. String theory promises to reconcile Einstein's theory of gravity with the bizarre rules of quantum mechanics which answer the deepest conceptual questions in particle physics and even explain how the universe sprang into existence. INSET: The Children of the Revolution.

A much-anticipated atomic reaction might lay bare the inner workings of high-temperature superconductors, neutron stars, and primordial matter and perhaps win its creator a Nobel Prize. Known as a Bose-Einstein condensate, that weird state of matter fulfilled a 70-year-old prediction opened the way to atom lasers and other fanciful technologies and in 2001, won its discoverers a Nobel Prize. Physicists are struggling to make atoms in a gas pair like the electrons in a superconductor. Achieving such Cooper pairing could lead to new and useful quantum effects. The strongly interacting atoms should also mimic the behavior of electrons in high-temperature superconductors, protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei, neutrons in neutron stars, and even the quarks in primordial matter known as a quark-gluon plasma. INSET: The Contenders.

The article discusses quantum computers and their underlying theory, objectives, and operation. It notes the theory of entanglement and data processing at high speed. It mentions research by theorist David Gross on measurement-based quantum computing to be published in the journal "Physical Review Letters."

The article reports on the quantum network that transmits undetected messages which will be demonstrated in Vienna, Austria. The network is a 4-year ,€11.4 million collaboration project funded by the European union which will connect six cites across Vienna through fiber optic links belonging to Siemens AG. The network shall operate with the use of numerical "keys", quantum devices, nodes, and photons.

Sliding the porcelain, Anthony Leggett of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, explains how scientists might try to see past the strictures of quantum mechanics, the bizarre theory that governs the behavior of tiny objects and clashes with everyday notions of reality. The theory explains phenomena ranging from chemical bonding to the structure of neutron stars, and it may open the way to uncrackable quantum communications and superefficient quantum computers. Like theologians reinterpreting scripture, physicists and philosophers have sought to resolve their quandaries by reading mind-bending new meanings into the rules of quantum mechanics. Spurred by recent efforts to develop quantum information technologies, thinkers such as Jeffrey Bub, a philosopher at the University of Maryland, College Park, hope to prove that quantum mechanics grows naturally out of the principles of information theory.

Reports that physicists are racing towards vibratizing instruments that can make and measure the slightest possible motion of atoms. Advantages of advances in nanotechnology; Problems in reaching the quantum limit of mechanical motion; Avenues that will be open on reaching the quantum limit of motion.

Focuses on the need for a single theory that provides the explanation for the frenetic quantum interactions of elementary particles and the gravity-driven motions of stars and galaxies. Inability of researchers to provide an explanation for the resemblance of the spacetime to a quantum foam; Details of the loop quantum theory developed by scientists to explain the existence of the quantum foam.

The article discusses physicists Serge Haroche and David Wineland, the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physics winners for their experiments in quantum physics. Haroche's research on cavity quantum electrodynamics is explored, particularly his work demonstrating the quantum state described in the Schrödinger's cat theory. Wineland and team focused on the trapping and manipulation of the spin state of ions to perform logic computations, research that could aid in the development of the quantum computer.

The article discusses an experiment that the journal calls the Breakthrough of the Year for 2010. A humanmade machine is described whose motion is governed by quantum mechanics rather than classical mechanics. The article indicates that such behavior has been detected in molecules, light, and other natural things, but never in an object made by man.

The article discusses quantum gravity and so-called doubly special relativity or deformed special relativity. They regard the possible influence of wavelength on the speed of light and theoretical physicist Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity. Commentary offered by theoretical physicist Sabine Hossenfelder is noted along with a related paper scheduled for publication in "Physical Review Letters."

The article reports on a study by Seth Lloyd in which he found that employing strangely linked photons could greatly decrease the number of photons required to detect an object. Quantum weirdness enables each photon to have all of the slightly different frequencies and colors at once. A photon that arrives from a specific direction is contrasted with the ancilla.

The article reports on the use of "white hole" by Ulf Leonhardt of the University of St. Andrews in Great Britain designed to mimic the most tantalizing property of the black hole. It mentions that "white hole" answered the problem of the physicists who cannot travel to a black hole in order for them to see how it ticks. Leonhardt along with his colleagues fired a pulse of infrared light down an optical fiber which altered the speed at which light could travel in the fiber. After doing it, they shot in light with longer infrared wavelength giving them the conclusion that the light was pilling up on the horizon. Their next goal is to see Hawking radiation which became successful with the help of quantum mechanics.

This article reports that a halo in an image of a distant galaxy rules out some conceptions of the frothy "quantum foam" thought to make up space and time at the smallest scales. If true, the observation clamps the first experimental limit on quantum gravity, the highly theoretical field that strives to marry quantum mechanics and scientist Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. The halo appears around a quasar, the fiery heart of a galaxy, in an infrared image the Hubble Space Telescope snapped in 1998. But the effect occurs only if the waves remain neat and orderly as they travel the 4 billion light years from the quasar. Quantum foam would fuzz them out, say theoretical physicist Yee Jack Ng and colleagues at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. So the halo rules out the most chaotic models of the foam. The physicists argue about this in a paper to be published in "Physical Review Letters." In 2003, astrophysicists Richard Lieu and Lloyd Hillman of the University of Alabama, Huntsville, also concluded that the halo torpedoed the notion of quantum foam.

The article focuses on the research on measuring the condition or state of a particle. The minimal disturbance measurements probe the fundamental limits set by quantum theory and might someday help carry quantum information down optical fibers. To avoid the maximum possible disturbance of photon, Fabio Sciarrino and Francesco De Martini of the University of Rome and colleagues entangled the photon they wanted to measure with a second photon in a half-horizontal, half-vertical state and measured the second photon instead. Because of the entanglement, if one photon was measured to be vertical or horizontal, the other instantly collapsed into the same state, so measuring the second was equivalent to measuring the first directly. Ulrik Andersen and Gerd Leuchs of Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany and colleagues have performed a similar experiment with different quantum states of light. The researchers used a partially reflective mirror to split off and measure a bit of the state.

This article reports that a puff of ultracold atoms may help physicists decipher the weird nuclear matter in the hearts of neutron stars. Two groups report this week that when they tweaked such frigid atoms to mimic superdense nuclear matter, the atoms continued to pair up and flow without resistance, just as electrons do in a superconductor. One group even claims evidence of a new type of resistance-free flow, or superfluidity. Theorists have predicted that new forms of superfluidity might exist in neutron stars, and an atomic analog may enable them to test those ideas directly. In each experiment, a gas of the isotope lithium-6 is trapped in a laser beam and chilled to less than a millionth of a kelvin. Quantum mechanics dictates that no two identical lithium-6 atoms can fill the same energy "state," so the trapped atoms stack into the energy ladder of quantum states two at a time. Whether the particles are atoms or quarks, standard theory forbids superfluidity when one type of them stacks to higher energy than the other. Atoms spinning in opposite directions absorb light of different colors.

This article reports that some physicists are using exotic tools like streams of individual photons and quantum mechanics to shut out prying eyes. The idea shows that "classical" methods might compete with budding quantum cryptography. Quantum cryptography allows the people to pass the key under the nose of an eavesdropper, because she cannot measure the condition of a particle without affecting it. Take the hypothetical secret sharers, Alice and Bob: They transform a message into binary numbers and use a numerical "key." In a scheme proposed by Laszlo Kish of Texas A&M University, Alice and Bob have two resistors each, one with a big resistance and one with a small resistance. Each randomly connects one resistor or the other between his or her end of the wire and ground and measures the voltage between the wire and ground. On average, that voltage is zero. But electrons in the resistors jiggle about with thermal energy, so the voltage fluctuates, and the size of the fluctuations, or "Johnson noise," depends on the resistances Alice and Bob choose.

This article reports that acceleration unravels a weird connection between widely separated particles known as entanglement. The finding hints at a deeper connection between quantum mechanics and gravity. The result is surprising because it means that whether two particles are entangled depends on the motion of the observer, according to Samuel Braunstein, a theorist at the University of York, in England. When two particles are entangled, fiddling with one of them instantly affects the other, even if it's light-years away. The electrons spin like tops, and in principle they can be entangled. Acceleration affects entanglement more dramatically, report theorists Ivette Fuentes-Schuller of the University of Oxford, and Robert Mann of the University of Waterloo, Canada. Fuentes-Schuller and Mann, who are also affiliated with the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Waterloo, imagined that electrons share pairs of photons from a source somewhere between them.

Provides information on several researches conducted by physicists concerning the paradoxical but fundamental property of quantum mechanics. Interaction of atoms, photons and molecules in the surroundings; Scientific application of the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID); Experiments on the SQUID.