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Background/Objectives: There is a lack of certainty in dietary prescription for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to heterogeneity in studies to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy on disease activity of a modified anti-inflammatory dietary pattern purposely designed to reduce intake of food additives (IBD-MAID), compared to standard care, in adults with IBD. Subject/Methods: Adults with IBD were randomised to IBD-MAID (meals provided) [n = 29] or general healthy eating (GHE) [n = 29] for 8 weeks. Disease activity, faecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP), symptoms, and quality of life (S&QOL) were assessed using validated tools. Results: The IBD-MAID was well tolerated and adhered to (92% adherence). At week 8, there was no statistically significant difference in change from baseline in outcome measures between groups. However, baseline to week 8 analysis indicated: (1) statistically significant improvements in S (p = 0.001) & QOL (p = 0.004), FC (p = 0.007), and Crohn's disease activity (p = 0.03) but not ulcerative colitis, in individuals following the IBD-MAID and (2) statistically significant improvement in QOL in individuals receiving GHE (p = 0.015). Correlation analysis on change from baseline to week 8 revealed a greater decrease in food additives intake was associated with statistically significant improvements in FC, S & QOL and alignment of anti-inflammatory dietary principles with improvements in QOL. Conclusion: The IBD-MAID was well tolerated. The most novel finding pertains to the correlation between reduced food additives intake and improvements in inflammatory markers, S&QOL. Further research is needed to explore the effects of food additives exposure on IBD course. Trial registration: 12619001500145 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good sleep is essential for children's healthy growth. In 2005, we conducted a questionnaire survey on children's sleep habits and their background, targeting parents who attended health checkups for their 3-year-old children in Asahikawa City, Hokkaido. In 2020, we performed a secondary survey, including additional questions regarding media usage. We analyzed changes in children's sleep environment by comparing the results of both surveys. Children from 500 families (n = 420; 219 males, 201 females; mean age, 3.6 years) who underwent 3.5-year-old health checkups (per the changed schedule in 2015) in Asahikawa City from July 2020 to November 2020 and their parents who had completely answered the questionnaire were included. The proportion of children who used childcare support system such as nursery schools or kindergarten increased from 30% in the previous survey to 95% in the present survey. The mean nocturnal sleep duration of children was 9.33 h in the present survey, 0.77 h shorter than that in the previous survey; similar to the previous survey results, it was significantly short (8.71 h) in children who went to bed after 10 PM. Moreover, it was significantly short in children who watched television for more than two hours or used media within two hours before going to bed or if parents used smartphones or watched motion pictures for >30 min/day. The rate of consulting pediatricians regarding sleep problems decreased from 3% to 2.4%. Parents' lifestyles greatly influenced children's sleep habits in 2020. Pediatricians should actively participate in managing children's sleep problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Snoring, gasping or choking during sleep are common symptoms of sleep‐disordered breathing and are associated with multiple adverse maternal and obstetric outcomes. The mechanisms responsible remain unknown; however, placental dysfunction is suspected. Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate feto‐placental and fetal cardiac function in women with pregnancies complicated by obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms. Materials and methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study at a large tertiary obstetric hospital in Australia. Women were asked to complete a questionnaire relating to the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms. They also underwent an ultrasound scan where Doppler indices of various feto‐placental vessels and fetal cardiac function were measured. Regional cerebral perfusion was also assessed. Results: A total of 255 women were included in the final analysis. Of these, 36.1% (92/255) of women reported no obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms; 63.9% (163/255) reported they experienced some form of obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms that included any frequency of snoring or choking/gasping, while 42.0% (107/255) complained of severe obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms (snoring ≥ 3 times a week or choking/gasping). There were no significant differences in feto‐placental Dopplers or fetal cardiac function parameters in women with obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms. There were also no differences in regional cerebral blood flow between groups, or any correlation with severity of symptoms. Conclusions: Our data challenge the current perspective that adverse perinatal outcomes in women with obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms are related primarily to placental dysfunction and fetal compromise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychosocial assessment should be part of clinic visits for people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Aims: To assess the usage and acceptance of a diabetes psychosocial assessment tool (DPAT) and to profile the clinical and psychosocial characteristics of young people with diabetes. Methods: Over a 12‐month period, young adults (18–25 years) attending diabetes clinic were offered DPAT. The tool embeds validated screening tools including the Problem Areas in Diabetes 20 (PAID‐20) questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 (PHQ‐4) and the World Health Organization Well‐Being Index‐5 (WHO‐5). Baseline clinical data were collected and questions regarding social support, body image, eating concerns, hypoglycaemia and finances were included. Results: Over the 12 month, the form was offered to 155 participants (64.6% of eligible attendees). The majority (96.1%) had type 1 DM with a mean duration of 10.5 (±5.3 SD) years. Average glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 8.7% (±1.5 SD) (or 71.2 mmol/mol ±16.5 SD). Severe diabetes‐related distress (PAID‐20 ≥ 40) was found in 19.4%. Low WHO‐5 scores (28–50 points) were seen in 14.8%. PHQ‐4 identified 25.8% with anxiety and 16.1% with depression. Significant weight, shape and eating concerns were identified in 27.1, 26.6 and 28.4%, respectively. Serious hypoglycaemia concerns were raised by 4.5%. Conclusion: DPAT revealed a high prevalence of psychosocial stress among young adults with DM. The tool was easy to use and accepted by patients and may aid streamlining referrals to relevant members of a multidisciplinary team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]