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Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive disorder that is characterized by midbrain-hindbrain malformation and shows the “molar tooth sign” on magnetic resonance imaging. Mutations in 40 genes, including Abelson helper integration site 1 ( AHI1 ), inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase ( INPP5E ), coiled-coil and c2 domain-containing protein 2A ( CC2D2A ), and ARL2-like protein 1 ( ARL13B ), can cause JS. Classic JS is a part of a group of diseases associated with JS, and its manifestations include various neurological signs such as skeletal abnormalities, ocular coloboma, renal disease, and hepatic fibrosis. Here, we present a proband with the molar tooth sign, ataxia, and developmental and psychomotor delays in a Dagestan family from Russia. Molecular genetic testing revealed two novel heterozygous variants, c.2924G>A (p.Arg975His) in exon 28 and c.1241C>G (p.Pro414Arg) in exon 12 of the transmembrane protein 67 ( TMEM67 ) gene. These TMEM67 gene variants significantly affected the development of JS type 6. This case highlights the importance of whole exome sequencing for a proper clinical diagnosis of children with complex motor and psycho-language delays. This case also expands the clinical phenotype and genotype of TMEM67 -associated diseases.

Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) is a genetically heterogeneous group of peripheral neuropathies most of which are associated with mutations in four genes including peripheral myelin protein-22 ( PMP22) , myelin protein zero ( MPZ ), gap junction protein beta1 ( GJB1 ) and mitofusin2 ( MFN2 ). This current case report describes the clinical and genetic characteristics of a 6-year-old male proband. A physical examination revealed muscular hypotonia. He started walking on his own at 18 months. A nerve conduction study with needle electromyography revealed conduction block. A novel MPZ mutation (c.398C > T, p.Pro133Leu) was revealed in the proband. This mutation was also found in the 32-year-old father of the proband. The father had had deformity of the feet and distal muscle weakness since childhood. The novel p.Pro133Leu pathogenic mutation was responsible for early onset but slowly progressive CMT1B. We assume that this site is an intolerant to change region in the MPZ gene. This variant in the MPZ gene is an important contributor to hereditary neuropathy with reduced nerve conduction velocity in the Russian population. This case highlights the importance of whole exome sequencing for a proper clinical diagnosis of CMT associated with a mutation in the MPZ gene.